J. Peace - Infant Formula Formulating and Manufacturing

Infant Formula
Formulating and
Manufacturing
Justin Peace
Breast Milk is Always Best
• It’s the normal way to feed a baby and is
important for baby’s health.
• If you plan to use Formula consult your doctor
or health worker for advice.
Formulating-What is Infant
Formula
• Infant Formula is food for infants.
• It is the only recognised alternative to breast
milk
• It should satisfy the nutritional requirement of
infants.
• For young infants up to 6 months of age it will
be the sole source of nutrition.
• As the child gets older would be part of a
more diversified diet.
Formulating-Regulation
• In Australia it is set out in FSANZ standard
2.9.1
• In China it is defined by GB 10765.
• International standard from Codex Stan 72 –
1981.
• Many countries will have their own standard.
• As these standards are living documents that
are subject to review which may take years to
complete their tends to be differences.
The Point
• You need to know what standard you are
formulating to comply with.
Formulating
Standard 2.9.1
*Adequate
Intake 0 – 6 +Energy
months Value Energy Contribution Min Max

g/day kJ/g kJ % of Total g/100kJ g/100kJ g/100kJ
Fat 31 37 1147 49% 1.3 1.05 1.5
Omega 6 4.4 37
LA
ARA
Omega 3 0.5 37
ALA
DHA
Protein 10 17 170 7% 0.4 0.45 0.7
Carbohydrate 60 17 1020 44% 2.6
ml/day Total 2337
Water 700
Calculated kj/L kJ/L
Total 778 kJ/L
Energy 3005 2500 3150
*Adequate Intake values taken from Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand.
These values have been extrapolated from Breastmilk studies.
+Energy value is taken from FSANZ standard 1.2.8
Formulating
ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENTS (EER) OF INFANTS

Reference weight EER
Age (kg) (kJ/day)
(months) Boys Girls Boys Girls
1 4.4 4.2 2,000 1,800
2 5.3 4.9 2,400 2,100
3 6.0 5.5 2,400 2,200
4 6.7 6.1 2,400 2,200
5 7.3 6.7 2,500 2,300
6 7.9 7.2 2,700 2,500
Source: The Australia & New Zealand Nutrient Reference values
Formulating – In the Market
Fat / Protein
Fat :
Energy Fat Protein Energy Contribution 100kJ / 100kJ
Protein
kJ/100 g/100
g/100ml Fat Protein
ml ml
A2 Platinum 279 3.5 1.4 2.5 46% 9% 1.25 0.50
Aptamil Gold+ 1 270 3.5 1.44 2.4 48% 9% 1.30 0.53
Bellamy's Organic 287 3.7 1.7 2.2 48% 10% 1.29 0.59
Nan Pro Gold 281 3.6 1.3 2.8 47% 8% 1.28 0.46
Oz Farm Infant 313 4.0 1.7 2.4 47% 9% 1.28 0.54
S26 Gold Newborn 280 3.6 1.3 2.8 48% 8% 1.29 0.46
Formulating – Standard 2.9.1
Clause 23 Fat
• Can’t contain MCT’s (Fat containing predominantly C8:0 and
C10:0 saturated fats)
– Except if naturally occurring in milk based ingredient or a
processing aid used to prepare fat soluble vitamins
• Must contain LA between 9% and 26% of total fat
• Must contain ALA between 1.1% and 4% of total fat
• Ratio of LA:ALA between 5:1 and 15:1
• May contain up to 2% of the total fat as Omega 6 LCPUFA of
which up to half may be AA
• May contain up to 1% of the total fat as Omega 3 LCPUFA of
which EPA must not be greater than DHA
• If LCPUFA is present the Omega 6 LCPUFA content cannot be
less than the Omega 3 LCPUFA content.
• Trans fat must not exceed 4% of total fat.
• Erucic acid must not exceed 1% of total fat.
Formulating – Oils
Facts
• Product will contain 20 to 35% Fat
• Fat will have a high level of Linoleic Acid and a
lower level of Alpha Linolenic Acid
• Fat will be low or have no trans fats or Erucic
Acid
MCT's LA ALA LA:ALA Erucic
C8:0 C10:0 C18:2 C18:3 C22:1 Total Trans
Anhydrous Milk Fat 1.1 2.9 1.1 0.8 1.4 - 4.8
Canola - - 19.0 9.2 2.1 - -
Coconut 6.3 5.6 1.8 - - -
Corn - - 55.0 1.5 36.7 0.3 -
Palm Kernel 3.3 3.2 2.6 - - -
Palm Olein - - 10.6 0.3 35.3 - -
Palm Stearine - - 6.1 - - 0.2
Soyabean - - 52.6 7.4 7.1 - -
Sunflower - - 58.5 - 0.3 0.2

Formulating – Optional Fatty
Acids
• ARA
– Microbial
– Pork Lard
• DHA
– Fish
– Microbial
Manufacturing
• Oil Storage and Handling
– Blend or Individual
– Bulk
• Receival
• Clean-up
– Melting Point
– Oxidation
– Cross Contamination
• Minor Oil
• Oil Soluble Vitamins
• Emulsifier
Manufacturing
• Wet Mix
• Dry Blend
• Combination
Manufacturing – Wet Mix
Wet Mix Batch
Heat Treatment
Evaporation
Spray Drying
Packing
Wet Mix Batch
Oil Blend
Heat Treatment
Evaporation
Spray Drying
Packing
Wet Mix Batch
Oil Blend
Heat Treatment
Evaporation
Spray Drying
Packing
Wet Mix Batch
Heat Treatment
Evaporation
Oil Blend
Spray Drying
Packing
Manufacturing
Injection prior
In Batch Injection post
to heat
Tank evaporation
treatment
Accurate Oil addition ☺☺ ☺ ☺
Minimise exposure to Oxygen ☺ ☺☺
Minimise exposure to metals ☺ ☺☺
Able to adjust fat level during
production ☺ ☺☺
Solids level ex Evaporator ☺
Oil Separation
Requires good mass flow
control systems
Capital Cost
Manufacturing
• Addition of ARA and DHA
• Homogenisation
• Shelf Life
– Packaging
– Storage Conditions
– Starting Point
• Residual Oxygen Level
• Free Fat
– Oxidation
• Peroxide Value and Anisidine Value

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Infant Formula

months Value Energy Contribution Min Max

ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENTS (EER) OF INFANTS

Anhydrous Milk Fat 1.1 2.9 1.1 0.8 1.4 - 4.8

Canola - - 19.0 9.2 2.1 - -

Coconut 6.3 5.6 1.8 - - -

Corn - - 55.0 1.5 36.7 0.3 -

Palm Kernel 3.3 3.2 2.6 - - -

Palm Olein - - 10.6 0.3 35.3 - -

Palm Stearine - - 6.1 - - 0.2

Soyabean - - 52.6 7.4 7.1 - -

Sunflower - - 58.5 - 0.3 0.2

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