(For G11)

Schools Division of Parañaque City

Humanities and Social Sciences
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems
FIRST QUARTER
Week Six
ISLAM

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to examine the brief history,
core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related issues of Islam.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. Narratethe life of Prophet Muhammad;

2. Identify the sacred text of Islam;
3. Enumerate the core teachings and practices of Islam; and
4. Distinguish divisions of Islam.

Let’s Recall
DIRECTIONS:Fill in the items with the required information to create a simple
concept map. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Sacred Text
1. _____

Belief in God
Divisions
(Holy Trinity)
8. _____
2. _____
CHRISTIANITY 9. _____
3. _____
10. _____
4. _____

Observances
5. _____
6. _____
7. _____

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 Let’s Understand
ISLAM

Islam is the second most widespreadreligion, next to Christianity.

Those who practice Islam are called Muslims. Islam means
“submission” or “commitment” to Allah. Allah is derived from an
Arabic word that means the “God”. Muslims believe that their faith is
the culmination of both the faithful Hebrews and the early Christians.
The star and crescent has become the acknowledged representation
of the Islamic faith. Thus, to understand Islam better, there is a need
first to narrate the life of Muhammad.

The Life of Muhammad

Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 C.E., to an Arab clan called Banu
Hashim. He was orphaned at an early age of six, and it was his grandfather who took
care of him. Two years later, his grandfather died and so his uncle Abu Talib, head of
the Hashim clan, took care of him.

Muhammad became a trader and worked under Khadija, a widowed merchant.

She was 15 years older than him, but he married her later. Khadija, was the first to
believe his role as a prophet, and accompanied him during his spiritual troubles.

The revelation of Allah to Muhammad was through the angel Gabriel. Muhammad
regularly goes to a cave in the mountains just outside Mecca to meditate. One day, the
angel Gabriel appeared before him, and he had ideas that was not his own. A bright
presence came to him and held before his eyes a cloth covered with writing. It
commanded three times that he recite what was written there: “Recite in the name of the
Lord who created man from clots of blood. Recite! Your Lord is the Most Bountiful One,
who by the pen taught man what he did not know. Indeed, man transgresses in thinking
himself his own master; for to your Lord all things return… Prostate yourself and come
nearer.” Khadija comforted him, since he was shaken by the experience, and
encouraged him that it was a sign that he was chosen by Allah to be a prophet. He
continually received such messages as the Rasul Allah, or messenger of God, until his
death.

In 620 C.E., Muhammad experienced himself being carried to Jerusalem and

ascending from there into paradise. This is called the Night Journey, where the angel
Gabriel is believed to have guided him upward. As he ascended, he encountered angels
and the great prophets of the past and entered into the presence of God. Muslims
disagree about whether this event constituted a personal vision or an actual physical
ascension. This experience is often portrayed as Muhammad being carried on the back
of the celestial steed Buraq, surrounded by flames and flying through the sky.

During Muhammad’s lifetime, Muslims collected the stories of teachings, which

they passed on after Muhammad’s death. These accounts were compiled as the Hadith,
and is a popular Islamic text, a part from the Quran. The Hadith tells us Muhammad’s
military and political achievements, as well as his personal life. Muslims have looked up
to Muhammad as their example.

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 The Qur’an

The sacred writing of the Muslims is called Qur’an (or

Koran in English) that literally means “recitation” or
“reading.” The Quran is the revelation from God of his
speech (kalam) and is the foundation of the Islam religion.
The Quran is the word of God that is binding, continuous,
and supreme.

The Qur’an consists of 114 chapters or surahs,

each composed of verses or ayahs. The shorter chapters are called Meccan surahs
because they are believed to have been revealed to Muhammad in Mecca, while the
longer ones are called Medinan chapters, believed to have revealed later when
Muhammad was in Medina. The Qur’an is believed to be the last in a series of
revelations by Allah himself, which include the Hebrew revelations recorded in Torah,
and Jesus’ teachings recorded in the Christian New Testament. His messages are held
in high esteem, but Muslims believed that they have been corrupted by the
interpretations of men and women.

The Hadith

The Hadith is the collection of the deeds and sayings of Muhammad and his
followers (“traditional reports or sayings”) and is the second source of shari’a law. Unlike
the Qur’an that was officially compiled under the auspices of a central authority (as
initiated by the first caliph Abu Bakr), the hadiths were collected generations after the
death of Muhammad. The hadiths are recognized today as second in authority after the
Qur’an.

Five Pillars of Islam

The basic obligations of Muslims are called the Five Pillars of Islam or arkan al-din.
While differences may occur in the interpretation of Islamic law, all Muslims believe and
accept the entirety of these obligations that must be strictly observed to avoid being sent
to hell on the “Day of Judgment.” The Five Pillars give structure and unity to all believers
of Islam.

Creed (Shahadah)

“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger.” This creed
summarizes the faith of the Muslims. “It is the first sentence whispered into the ears of a
newborn infant; it is recited daily in prayer; and it is written in Arabic everywhere inside
the domes of mosques and over their doors.”

Prayer (Salat)

Muslims pray five times a day: before dawn, midday, midafternoon, sunset and
nighttime. Before prayer, there is individual cleansing ritual with water, washing the
hands, arms, face, neck and feet. Muslims pray facing Mecca; there is special arched
niche called mihrab inside the mosque that indicates the qibla – the direction of Kaaba in
Mecca. The early Muslims prayed facing Jerusalem, but later revelation to Muhammad,
instructed them to pray facing Mecca. Friday is the day of public prayer. On other days,
people may pray privately, at home or at work, as well as in a mosque.

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Charity (Zakat)

Muslim donates certain percentages of their wages to the poor. In Islamic

countries, the government is involved in imposing taxes for zakat. Muslims who live
above the subsistence level must pay zakat or the poor tax to aid the underprivileged
Muslims. Affluent Muslims must share their wealth to the unfortunate ones. Originally,
almsgiving was for the benefit of the poor, widows, and orphans through an act of
charity. Later on, it became mandatory amounting to a certain percentage of a Muslim’s
total resources. Islam has never viewed begging as dishonorable It is not charity but an
annual wealth tax that serves as just and lawful claim of the poor against the affluent
ones. The zakat is payable the moment a Muslim has accumulated sufficient resources
starting with a basic rate which is fortieth (2.5 percent) of a person’s entire asset,
including savings, jewels, and land. A kind of tithe intended to support the needy, zakat
has been a contributory factor of solidarity and unity for the Muslim people.

Fasting on Ramadan (Sawm)

Ramadan is a period of shared fasting among Muslims. Ramadan is the ninth

month in the Muslim calendar, which commemorates Allah’s first revelations to
Muhammad. During the monthlong Ramadan, people abstain from food, drinks, tobacco
and sex from dawn until dusk, except for travelers, pregnant women, and the sick. The
purpose of fasting is to discipline oneself, to develop sympathy for the poor and hungry,
and to give to others what one would have eaten. Fasting is thought to be good for
individual spiritual growth.

Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

Pilgrimage is a religious journey by a believer to a sacred city or site. All

Muslims (unless prevented by poverty or sickness) are expected to visit Mecca at least
once in their lifetime. Hajj is already a practice before Muhammad’s time. When he went
back to Mecca after preaching in Medina, he continued several practices of the
pilgrimage, including the veneration of the black meteorite, which is believed to be
special gift from Allah carried to the earth by the angel Gabriel.

Important Festivals

The Islamic calendar is composed of 12 lunar months of between 29 and 30 days. A

year in the Islamic calendar constitutes a total of 354 days. The difference between the
solar and lunar calendar is adjusted by adding one day to the last month of the year 11
times each 30 years.
Month Festivities / Significance
• The Islamic year starts in the day of the hijra,
Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622
Month 1: Muharram C.E.
(“The Sacred Month”) • Ashura: The assassination of the Imam Husayn at
Karbala’ in 680 C.E. is commemorated on the 10th by
Shi’ite Muslims
Month 3: Rabi al-Awai • Birth of the Prophet: Muhammad’s birthday is
(“The Spring”) celebrated on the 12th.
Month 9: Ramadan • Muslims do not eat or drink during daylight hours
(“The Month of Great Heat”) throughout the month.

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 • Laylat al-Qadr: The commemoration of the first
revelation to the prophet is often celebrated on the
27th.
Month 10: Shawwal • ‘Id al-Fitr: The Festival of Breaking the Fast at the
(“The Month of Hunting”) beginning of Shawwal concludes the fasting season.
• Month of pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca.
• Yawn Arafat: On the 9th, fasting pilgrims perform the
Month 12: Dhu al-Hijja wuquf, standing before God on Mount Arafat.
(“The Month of Hajj”) • ‘Id al-Adha: The Festival of Sacrifice on the 10th
recalls the sacrificial ram God gave to Abraham in
place of his son, and coincides with the end of Hajj.

Major Divisions

Similar to most major religions, Islam also has sects, which vary primarily as to how
these sects interpret some aspects of the Islamic faith and of the Quran. Inasmuch as
Muslims agree on the fundamental tenets of the Islam religion, variations do occur in many
of their beliefs and practices

Sunni Muslims (The Sunnis)

Majority of Muslims belong to the Sunni denomination. The Sunnis (“Followers of the
Smooth Path”) are traditionalists and are considered the orthodox of Islam as they
endeavor to follow the original religion established by Muhammad and guided by the first
four righteous caliphs. These Muslims follow the sunnah (“customary practice”) of
Muhammad from which their name originated. Sunnah pertains to the orally transmitted
record of wisdom, conduct, and sayings attributed to Muhammad and his earliest
companions as recorded in hadith. The Sunnis believe that any Muslim can be a ruler and
he does not need to prove his lineage to Muhammad as long as he gets the approval and
confidence of the ummah or community.

Shi’a (The Shi’ites)

The Shi’ite Muslims are the largest faction within the Islam religion that separated
from the rest of the community. Historically speaking, three close associates of
Muhammad became successive leaders or caliphs of Islam with the death of the founder in
632 C.E. The caliphate acted as a central unifying agency in Islamic history. They believed
that the true successor should come from Muhammad’s bloodline through his cousin and
son-in-law, Ali ibn and Abi Talib, who married Muhammad’s daughter, Fatimah.

Let’s Apply
DIRECTIONS: Write an essay on how the Salat (prayer) of Islam gives a sense
of unity and structure to the religion as followed by all Muslims worldwide.
Make sure to limit your work to 100 words. Write your essay on your answer
sheet.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Write on a different sheet
_________________________________________________________________________
of paper or on your answer
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
sheet.

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 Rubrics for Essay Writing
Feature 5 3 1 Total
Ideas are clear and Ideas are clear but not Ideas are not clear.
Content supported with supported with
accurate information. accurate information.
The essay is presented The essay is not The essay presented
in a logical order presented in a logical irrelevant information
Organization (Introduction, the body order (Introduction, the and not in a logical
and conclusion). body and conclusion). order (Introduction, the
body and conclusion).

Total

Let’s Analyze
True or False

DIRECTIONS: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. Write your
answer on your answer sheet.

______ 1.The Qur’an is composed of 141 surahs.

______ 2. Ritual washing is not required before prayer.
______ 3. The Qur’an is binding, continuous and supreme.
______4. Sunday is a day of public prayer for the Muslims.
______ 5.Islam was born in the early 7th century Jerusalem.
______ 6. The zakat must be 2.5% of a person’s entire asset.
______ 7. Mosque refers to the Muslim church or place for worship.
______ 8. Salat is done before dawn, midday, mid-afternoon, sunset, and nighttime.
______ 9.Muhammad ibn Abd Allah worked as a trader across the Manila Peninsula.
_____ 10. The Shi’ites believed that the true successor should come from Muhammad’s
bloodline.

Let’s Create

Goal: To create an INFOGRAPHIC about Islam religion.

Role: Infographic artist

Audience: Classmates and parents

Situation: A lot of people are having misconception about the belief and
practices of Islam religion.
Product Performance: An Infographic about Islam religion.Infographic is a visual
representation of information by using drawings, data and diagram in order to give an
easy-to-understand overview of the topic.

Standard: Follow the guide in making an infographic.

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 Guide in Creating Infographics

1. Use 1 whole sheet of legal-size bond paper.

2. Fold it into three columns, in a landscape orientation.
3. Outline the goals of your infographic.
4. Collect data for your infographic by cutting out pictures from newspaper, magazine or
any source of your preference.
5. Add style to your infographic design by using crayon as the standard drawing
material.
6. Indicate your full name, the topic title and the module number on your Infographic.

Use the rubrics below as your guide.

Rubrics for Infographics

Excellent Good Decent
Standard Score
(5) (3) (1)
The contents The The content does not
express three (3) or contentexpresses express the
Content
more elementsof only one (1)or two (2) elementof Islam.
Islam. elements of Islam
The output has three The output has one The output has no
Creativity (3) or more colored (1) or two (2) colored colored design.
designs. designs.
Total

Let’s Try

DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correctanswer. Write your answer on

your answer sheet.

__________1. Which pillar of Islam refers to the religious journey by an adherent to a

sacred city or site?
A. Salat C. Hajj
B. Zakat D. Sawm
__________2. Which division of Islam believe that any Muslim can be a ruler and he
does not need to prove his lineage to Muhammad?
A. Sufis C. Shi’ites
B. Sunnis D. Shiarias

__________3. Who is the angel that appeared before Muhammad during the revelation?
A. Gabriel C. Uriel
B. Michael D. Raphael

__________4. What is believed to be the special gift from Allah venerated in Mecca?
A. The Torah C. The Qur’an
B. Scroll case D. Black meteorite

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___________5. Who is the founder of Islam religion?
A. Allah C. Ali ibn Talib
B. Abi ibn Talib D. Muhammad
___________6. Which of the following statements describe the core beliefs of Islam
religion?
I. Islam believes in angel.
II. Islam believes in One God.
III. Islam believes in judgement day.
IV. Islam believes in just one prophet, Muhammad.

A. I & IV C. III, & IV

B. II & IV D. I, II & III

___________7.Which of the following statements are TRUE about the Islam religion?

I. Muslims renounce the five pillars of Islam.

II. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the Prophet.
III. Muslims’ faith is the culmination of faithful Hebrews and the early
Christians.
IV. Muslims believe in Quran as the word of God that is binding,
continuous, and supreme.

A. I & IV C. I, II, & IV

B. I, II & III D. II, III, & IV

___________8.Which statements are TRUE about the Islamic calendar?

I. The Islamic calendar is composed of 12 lunar months of between 29 and 30

days.
II. Muslims commemorate the first revelation to the prophet on the 27 th of the
ninth month.
III. Islamic calendar is closely linked to the crescent moon, thus, it is also
called lunar calendar.
IV. On the eleventh month, Muslims celebrate ‘Id al-Adha or Feast of Sacrifice
to recall the sacrificial ram God gave to Abraham in place of his son, and
coincides with the end of Hajj.

A. I & IV C. I, II, & III

B. II & III D. II, III & IV

__________9. Which of the following statements describes the Hajj of Islam religion?

I. All sick and poor Muslims are required to visit Mecca.

II. All Muslims are expected to visit Syria at least once in their lifetime.
III. They must be sound physically able, and able to provide for their dependents
while in hajj.
IV. They are expected to participate in hajj as their educational requirement
especially for those taking up Islamic studies.

A. III only C. III & IV

B. II & III D. IV only

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__________10. Which of the following statements is the reason why Muslims are doing
the ritual washing before any prayer commences?

I. To give respect to their brother and sister Muslims.

II. To observe proper hygiene as required by the government.
III. To remove any impurities and unclean substances from the body.
IV. To remove unclean substances so as not to embarrass imam and other
adherents

A. I only C. II only
B. III only D. IV only