STRUCTURE (C) in 1749, establishing the city of

Halifax (D) the city of Halifax was

established in 1749
Section 2 Structure
6. A nation's merchant marine is made up of
1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer its commercial ships and the people ______
and _____ (A) dance that she teaches them. (A) they operate (B) who operate
(B) her teaching of dance (C) they operate of
(C) to teach dancing (D) do they operate
(D) dance teacher
7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt
2. During an eclipse of the Sun, ______ in against slavery in Virginia in 1831.
the shadow of the Moon. (A) the Earth (A) Where was
lies (B) It was
(B) the Earth when lying (C) He was
(C) that the Earth lies (D) That he was
(D) the lying Earth
8. The most elaborate of all bird nests
3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda ______ , domed communal structure built
Doolittle became associated with the by social weaverbirds. (A) larger
Imagists, and ______ into one of the most (B) largely is
original poets of the group. (A) (C) the large
developed (D) is the large
(B) to be developing
(C) who developed 9. William Walker's mural, "Wall of
(D) developing it Respect," ______ an outdoor wall in
Chicago, deals with social issues.
4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud (A) covers
reaches the ground; some of it is lost (B) covers it
through evaporation. (C) which covers
(A) Nowhere (D) which it covers
(B) Not
(C) No 10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth
(D) None indicate ______ yield when unusual weight
is placed on
5. In an area first explored by Samuel de them.
Champlain, ______ . (A) although its crust and mantle
(A) establishment of the city of Halifax (B) its crust and mantle to
in (C) that its crust and mantle
1749 (D) for its crust and mantle to
(B) in 1749 the city of Halifax
established 11. The columbine flower, ______ to
nearly all of the United States, can be
raised from seed in almost any garden. (A) 1. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the
native United States developed the reusable space
(B) how native is shuttle ________to space cheaper and
(C) how native is it easier.
(D) is native A. to make access
B and making access
12. The photoperiodic response of C. which made accessible
algae actually depends on the duration D. and made accessible.
of darkness, ______ . (A) the light is
not on 2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more
(B) and not on light similar to humans _______. A. are than
(C) but is not on the light any other animal
(D) is not on light B. than is any other animal
C. any other animal is
13. ______, the first Black denomination in D. and any other animal is
the United States.
(A) Richard Alien founded the African 3. _______more than 65,000 described
Methodist Episcopal Church species of protozoa, of which more than half
(B) Richard Alien, who founded the African are fossils. A. Being that there are
Methodist Episcopal Church B. There being
(C) The African Methodist Episcopal C. Are there
Church D. There are
founded by Richard Alien (D) The
foundation of the African Methodist 4. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___
Episcopal Church by Richard Alien nearly unanimously through the United
States Congress.
14. The annual worth of Utah's A. passed
manufacturing is greater than ______ . B. in passage
(A) that of its mining and farming C. having passed
combined D. passing
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined 5. Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton
(D) of its combination mining and farming of beams and columns ___a
threedimensional grid. A. forms
15. The wallflower ______ because its weak B. from which forming
stems often grow on walls and along stony C. and forming
cliffs for support. (A) so called is (B) so is D. that forms
called
(C) is so called 6. The average level of United States prices
(D) called is so grew very little from 1953 until the mid-
1960’s when
____________.
A. did inflation begin
Section 2 Structure B. inflation began
C. the beginning of inflation C. Many
D. did the beginning of inflation D. Many of them are

7. The basis premise behind all agricultural 13. Newspaper publishers in the
production is _____available the riches of united states have
the soil for human consumption. estimated___________reads a
A. to be made newspaper every day.
B. the making A. nearly 80 percent of the adult
C. making is population who
D. to make B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult
population
8. ___to the united states House of C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult
Representatives in 1791, Nathaniel Macon population who
remained in office until 1815. A. Election D. that nearly 80 percent of the
B. Why he was elected adult
C. Elected population
D. Who was elected
14. The foundation of all other
9. ________ of classical ballet in the united branches of mathematics is arithmetic,
states began around 1830. _ science of calculating with numbers.
A. To teach A. is the
B. Is teaching B. the
C. It was taught C. which the
D. The teaching D. because the

10. The universe is estimated ___between 10 15. Nylon was ___the human-
billion and 20 billion years old. made fibers. A. the first of which
A. being B. what the first of
B. to be C. it the first of
C. which is D. the first of
D. is.

11. A situation in which an economic market

is dominated by a ____ is known as a STRUCTURE 1
monopoly.
Directions : Questions 1-4- are complete
A. single of a product seller
sentences you will see, four words or
B. product single of a seller
C. seller of a product single phrases, market (A), (B), (C) and (D).
D. single seller of a product Choose the one word or phrase that best
complete the sentences
12. ____ freshwater species of fish build
nests of sticks, stones, or scooped-out sand.. 1. A dominant animal is best defined as one
A. As the many …. Actions are not constrained by
B. Of the many possible responses of its fellows. a) With
 b) That is 7. This new service will be available to all
c) Whose users …. Up for paid membership. a.
d) Where its That signed
b) That signed it
2. In general, …. Have a professional c) Which signed
obligation to protect confidential sources d) Sign
of information.
a. Which journalists 8. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her
b. Journalists, they
….
c. Journalists
a. Totally behavior irresponsible
d. Journalists that b. Behavior totally irresponsible
c. Irresponsible totally behavior
3. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in
d. Totally irresponsible behavior
tensile strength, appreance,… a. Is hard
b) Although hard
9. Acute hearing helps most animals sense
c) Has hardness
the approach of thunderstorms long
d) And hardness
before people …. a. Hear
b) Hearing them
4. …. Explores the nature of guilt and c) Do
responsibility and builds to a remarkable d) Do them
conclusion.
a. The written beautifully novel 10. Of all economically important
b. The beautifully written novel phants,palms have been … a. The least
c. The novel beautifully written studied
d. The written novel beautifully b) Study less and less
c) Study the least
5. He is a man …. To have the vision of an d) To study the less
eagle and courage of a lion. a. Who
appears 11. With the passing of the time and the
b) He appears emoarchement of people, the habitat of
c) Who appear garillas … to decrease a. Containing
d) He appear b) Continius
c) Which continue
6. …. Getting the highest result in the class, d) Continue
john still had problems with his teacher.
a. Despite of 12. …. Social meeting birds that build their
b) In spite of nests in tress and on clifis. a. Most
c) Even though
stocks are
d) Nonetheless
b) Stocks most
c) The most stocks
d) Most are stocks
13 ….. was awarded the Nobel Prize in a) A colonial masterpiece
physics for this work on the phoneletric b) A colonial masterpiece which
effect. c) It is a colonial masterpiece that
a. That enstein d) Whose colonial masterpiece
b. It was enstein
c. Enstein who 19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction
d. Enstein and vista of sandy beaches contrasted…
rockbound shoreline.

14. .Emma Thompson was nominated for a) To the rugged

an Academy Award as both a b) By the rugged
Screenwriher…an actress in 1996. c) On the rugged
a) Also d) At the rugged
b) Or 20. At the seventh international ballet
c) In addition competions, Fernando Bujones won the
d) And first, gold modal ever … to a Unites
States make dancer
15. Because of its warm tropical climate,
howards…. Subzero temperature. a) That award
a) Almost experience never b) Should be awarding
b) Expreriance never almost c) To be awarded
c) Experiences almost never d) To award
d) Almost never expreriance
21. the b;est-known diffuse nebuls is the
16. from the inception of his long and great Orion Nebuls …. Can be seen by
distingshed carrer, frank lieyd wright the narked eye.
was concerned with how …
architecture with topography. a) It
b) Which
a) Integrating c) One
b) To integrate d) Who
c) Did the integrate
d) Integrated 22. Over time the young students will
perfect the art of piano playing. After all,
17. Egyptian pyramids were regurally such …. Needs delicate handling . a) A
robbed despire their intricate tuned instrument finely
pessegewrys, byzantine mazes, and … b) A finely instrument tuned
a) Walls which were false c) An instrument tuned finely
d) A finely tuned instrument
b) They had false walls
c) False walls 23. Before Johnson and smith reached great
d) Walls of falsity heights in the business
world, … encountered many
18. The Duncan sofa, …. Is highly valued
in todays antique furniture market.
 great difficults in promoting Cookman College, served as…….to both
their theories and methods. Franklin Rosevelt and Harry Truman.
a. advise b. advised
a) They c. an advisor d. advising
b) Who
c) Which
8. Some plants produse…………poisons that
d) He
can affect a person even if he or she merely
STRUCTURE 2 brushes against them.
1. The tongue can move and play a vital role a. irritating b. irritated
in chewing, …..…, and speaking. a. to b. c. irritability d. irritation
swallowing
c. for d. of 9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense
the approach of thunderstorms long before
2. Instead of being housed in one central people….
bank, the Federal Reserve System is to….. a. hearing them b. do
into twelve districts. c. do them c. hear
a. dividing b. divided
c. division d. divides 10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis
is…….the alternation of periods of light and
3. Those species are darkness.
cultivated for their…….follage.
a. responsible in b. responsible for
a. beautifully b. beau mainly eat insects,
c. responsible with d. responsible to
worms, and snails and……. For their
food by probing the
11. Doctors are not sure……fever
ground with their a. exactly how disease causes
long bills.
b. diseases exactly causes how
a. searching b. searches
c. how disease causes exactly
c. searched d. search
d. how exactly causes disease
5. He founded that city in 1685,
and…..quickly grew to be the 12. ………. Burmese breed of cat was
developed in the US during the 1930’s.
largest city in colonial America.
a. The b. When the
a. he b. it c. While the d. Since the
c. it d. we
13. Along the rocky shores of New
6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland England………and tidal marsh.
than in……Canadian province except a. are where stretches of sandy beach
Prince Edward Island. b. stretches of sandy are there
a. other b. one another c. are stretches of sandy beach
c. any other d. others d. stretches of sandy beach are

7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-

14. lina was nominated for an award as both 21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the
a screenwriter……..an actress in 2009. Canadian Rockies, is named…… a. a
a. also b. in addition famous after nurses
c. and d. but b. after a famous nurse
c. nurses after a famous
15. An erupting volcano sometimes d. after famous nurses
affects……of the surrounding region and
can even cause lakes to disappear. 22. Xanthines have both Good and bad
a. feature b. the featured effects on the body, and these effects…..the
c. featuring d. the feature size and regularity of dosage.
a. are generally determined by
16. most tree frogs change color to b. are generally determined on
harmonize………… c. are generally determined in
a. to their background d. are generally determined with
b. with their background
c. on their background 23. when a severe ankle injury forced….to
d. in background of them give up reporting in 1926, M.Mitchell began
writing her novel Gone with the wind.
17. due to the refraction of light rays,….Is a. herself b. her
impossible for the naked eye to determine c. hers d. she
the exact location of a star close to the
horizon. 24. one of the most difficult questions in
a. it b. this difining sleep is “what……the functions of
c. that d. there sleep?”
a. is b. has
18. Modern poets have experimented with c. have d. are
poetic devices…………..and assonance.
a. as such alliteration 25. the museum houses…..of various objects
b. such as alliteration documenting the vibrancy of the cultures.
c. such alliteration as a. five thousands pieces
d. alliteration such as b. pieces five thousands
c. five thousand pieces
19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, d. thousands five pieces
and color.
a. with b. of 26. …….in the same direction as their
c. at d. in orbital motions, while Venus and
Uranus rotate oppositely.
20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and
a. seven of planets rotate
the fight for civil rights.
b. seven planets rotate
a. his life to work the abolishment
c. seven rotate of planets
b. his life to working for the abolishment
d. seven rotate planets
c. his life to work to abolish
d. his life to working in abolish
27. in the US….. to the national legislature
comprising the house of Representatives 34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied
and the Senate. according to the kinds of… a. are foods
baked
a. voters elect representatives
b. foods to be baked
b. representatives elect voters
c. are baked foods
c. elect representatives voters
d. foods are baking
d. voters election representative
35. the three most common states of matter
28. it is the interaction between people,
are….
rather than the events that occur in
a. solidity, liquid, and gas
their lives,……the main focus of
b. solid, liquefy, and gas
social psychology.
c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
a. which are b. that are
d. solid, liquid, and gas
c. which is d. that is

29. Today…..fewer than one hundred 36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow
varieties cultivated flowers. a. large b. of a large
a. are b. have c. of large d. a large
c. there are d. have there
37. it has been found that chronic loud noise
30. …….some of the famous detectives in may lead to….hearing loss
literature are based on deductive reasoning. a. temporary or permanently
a. methods use by b. temporarily or permanent
b. they used methods c. temporarily or permanently
c. the methodology used d. temporary or permanent
d. using the methods of
38. with modern machinery, textile mills can
31. the short story most naturally flourishes manufacture as much fabric in a few seconds
in an age…..with simplicity and directness. as…..weeks o produce by hands a. workers
a. what it expresses once took it
b. that expresses itself b. took workers it once
c. which expressing c. it took once workers
d. it is expressed d. it once took workers

32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of 39. Norman Mailers first….with his war
surface ocean currents is much more novel The Naked and The Dead, published
complete…….subsurface currents. in 1948.
a. than b. than in a. Successfully achieved
c. than those of d. than that of b. achieved success
c. successful achievement
33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do d. achievement of success
not produce chlorophyll.
a. most of b. the most of
c. the most d. most
40. Through the years, the job of 6. In the past six months, the company has
governing cities has become …..complex. already received twice __________ ingross
a. so much increasingly revenues as it earned in the entire
b. increasingly whole preceding year.
c. increasingly A. as much
d. what is increasingly B. more
C. as many
STRUCTURE 3 D. as more

1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any 7. __________ better, the team would have
other faculty member __________ to been able to defeat th e opponent.
apply for the dean’s position. A. intend A. If it prepares
B. intends B. If prepares
C. are intending C. Preparing
D. has intend D. Had it prepared

2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most 8. Nobody knows why __________

dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from postponed until next week. A.
food and water, even in developed countries. the meeting
A. one of B. was the meeting
the C. did the meeting
B. one of C. D. the meeting was
one
9. The curriculum at the public school is as
D. of one good __________ of any privateschool.
3. The death toll would __________ much A. or better than
higher if immediate action had not B. as or better that
beentaken. A. probably being C. as or better than that
B. probably be D. as or better than those
C. probably been
10. Being a private university, __________ a
D. be probable
well- organized charitable givingprogram in
4. A fire in the __________ building could order to offer a sufficient number of quality
be a problem for firefighters. A. ninety- courses and activities.
story-tall A. development of
B. ninety-tall-story B. it developed
C. ninety-stories-tall C. develop
D. ninety stories D. developing

5. Their office consisted of three rooms, 11. Internet companies rely heavily on
__________ was used as a conference income from on-line purchases, but
room. A. larger of which __________.
B. the largest of which A. traditional companies as well
C. the largest of them B. traditional companies too
D. largest C. also traditional companies
D. so do traditional companies
12. The company had difficulty distributing A. that
__________ so that they could B. when
meetproduction quotas. C. as soon as
A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely D. and
manner to its
manufacturers 18. As a result of the additional rain with so
B. a sufficient number of parts to its much flooding already having
manufacturers in a timely manner C. occurred,residents were seeking shelter
to its manufacturers in a timely manner a __________ than in previous years.
sufficient number of parts A. in more numbers
D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a B. more numerously
sufficient number of parts C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers
13. The company sustained an angry
reaction from its employees after 19. The company president wrote an e-mail
announcing how __________ to reduce and planned to send __________ as soon as
operating costs. A. it planned the vote was complete. A. to all directors
B. planned the message
C. did it plan B. the message by all directors
D. was planned C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors
14. The gymnasium facilities of this public
school are __________ those of the finest 20. As the result of Diane’s illness and
private school in the county. the effects of the medication,
A. second after __________ to curtail her work and
B. second only to public speaking activities. A. has
C. first except for B. had
D. second place from C. she has had
D. she will had
15. The more the horse tried to free itself
from the restraint, __________. 21. __________ did Arthur realize that
A. the tighter it became there was danger. A. Upon entering the
B. it became tighter store
C. the horse could not escape B. When he entered the store
D. it was unable to move C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store
16. __________, that runner is likely to be
the first one chosen. 22. Hardly __________ the office when he
A. Due to her agility and speed realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
B. Because of she is agile and fast A. he had entered
C. Because agile and rapid B. had entered
D. Because her agility and speed C. entered
D. had he entered
17. It was not until the students were seated
__________ the proctor realized he had the
wrong test booklets.
23. Once the employees had begun receiving 3. The death toll would __________ much
financial information on the company, higher if immediate action had not been
__________ income. taken. A. probably being
A. they diligently assisted in reducing
B. probably be
costs and increasing
B. it made the employees more eager to C. probably been
assist in reduce costs D. be probable
and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and 4. A fire in the __________ building could
increase be a problem for firefighters. A. ninety-
D. with extreme diligence helped lower story-tall
costs and B. ninety-tall-story
increase
C. ninety-stories-tall
24. The plumber attempted to loosen the D. ninety stories
nut with regular pliers but then decided he
needed to retrieve his toolbox in order to
use __________. A. another pliers
B. others pliers 5. Their office consisted of three rooms,
C. the others ones __________ was used as a conference
D. another pair room. A. larger of which
25. The committee has met and __________. B. the largest of which
A. have approve the budget C. the largest of them
B. budget was approved D. largest
C. its approval of the budget
D. approved the budget 6. In the past six months, the company has
already received twice __________ in gross
Structure revenues as it earned in the entire preceding
year. A. as much
1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other
B. more
faculty member __________ to apply for the
C. as many
dean’s position. A. intend
D. as more
B. intends
7. __________ better, the team would have
C. are intending been able to defeat the opponent.
D. has intend A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most
C. Preparing
dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from
D. Had it prepared
food and water, even in developed countries.
A. one of the
8. Nobody knows why __________
B. one of C. postponed until next week. A. the
one meeting
D. of one B. was the meeting
C. did the meeting
D. the meeting was number of muscle groups. A. not only
because it provides
9. The curriculum at the public school is as B. because it both provides
good __________ of any private school. C. for provision
A. or better than D. as result of providing
B. as or better that
C. as or better than that 15. The professor instructed the students
D. as or better than those __________ the essay without preparing an
outline first. A. to not write
10. Being a private university, __________ a B. not to write
well- organized charitable giving program in C. do not write
order to offer a sufficient number of quality D. to no write
courses and activities.
A. development of 16. It is not clear when __________,
B. it developed although there are many different theories.
C. develop A. dinosaurs becoming extinct
D. developing B. dinosaurs extinction
C. dinosaurs became extinct
11. The greater the number of bacteria D. did dinosaurs become extinct
attacking the system, __________. A. the
sooner treatment must be begun 17. If the driver’s own car __________
B. sooner must begin treatment damaged, the favorite probably would have
C. begin treatment as soon as possible won the race. A. had not been
D. must begin treatment sooner B. not
C. no had been
12. A congressional committee has been D. has no be
appointed to study a new procedure
__________ to eliminate some costly 18. The soldiers were unable to determine
expenditures. A. that is expected where __________. A. the jeep had been
B. what is expected left
C. which expects B. had been leave the jeep
D. that expected C. had the jeep been left
D. had the jeep left
13. Some people send job applications even
when they are reasonably happy in their 19. The manager was angry because
somebody _________.
jobs, __________ improving their position.
A. had allowed the photographers to enter
A. with hoping to the building
B. hoping that B. had let the photographers to enter the
C. with hopes of building
D. hoping to C. permitting the photographers enter the
building
14. Swimming is a beneficial exercise, D. the photographers let into the building
__________ aerobic activity and uses a
20. The committee members resented 26. It was not until the students were seated
__________ of the meeting. __________ the proctor realized he had
A. the president that he did not tell them B. the wrong test booklets.
the president not to inform them A. that B. when
C. the president’s not informing them D. C. as soon as D. and
that the president had failed informing
themselves 27. As a result of the additional rain with so
much flooding already having occurred,
21. __________ did Arthur realize that there residents were seeking shelter __________
was danger. than in previous years.
A. Upon entering the store A. in more numbers
B. When he entered the store B. more numerously C.
C. After he had entered the store greater in numbers
D. Only after entering the store D. in greater numbers

22. The company sustained an angry 28. The company president wrote an e-mail
reaction from its employees after and planned to send __________ as soon as
announcing how__________ to reduce the vote was complete. A. to all directors the
operating costs. message
A. it planned B. planned C. did B. the message by all directors
it plan D. was C. message to all directors
planned D. the message to all directors

23. The gymnasium facilities of this public 29. As the result of Diane’s illness and the
school are __________ those of the finest effects of the medication, __________ to
private school in the county. curtail her work and public speaking
A. second after B. second only to activities.
C. first except for D. second place from A. has B. had
C. she has had D. she will had
24. The more the horse tried to free itself
from the restraint, __________. A. the 30. __________ did Arthur realize that there
tighter it became was danger.
B. it became tighter A. Upon entering the store
C. the horse could not escape B. When he entered the store
D. it was unable to move C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store
25. __________, that runner is likely to be
the first one chosen. 31. Hardly __________ the office when he
A. Due to her agility and speed realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
B. Because of she is agile and fast A. he had entered
C. Because agile and rapid B. had entered
D. Because her agility and speed C. entered
D. had he entered
32. Once the employees had begun receiving bikin ini yapi baru 1 loyang yg jadi,
financial information on the company, cewek jawab bukan ide aku pastinya,
__________ income. aku ga tau apa yang dipikir laura
A. they diligently assisted in sampai dia punya ide seperti itu.
reducing costs and increasing
Jawaban : kalau cewek yg buat dia ga
B. it made the employees more eager
bakal buat sandwich n buat makanan
to assist in reduce costs and increase C.
diligently they assist to reduce costs and lain (other food)
increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower 3. [coffee shop] intinya lagi ada promo
costs and increase gratis refil kopi selama satu jam
kalau beli sandwich, dijawab cowok
33. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut kalau dia sudah minum kopi
with regular pliers but then decided he sebelumnya, tapi sandwichnya
needed to retrieve his toolbox in order to use keliatan enak. Pertanyaan: apa yang
__________.
dilakukan cowok itu (order
A. another pliers
B. others pliers sandwich)
C. the others ones
D. another pair 4. [cowok nanyain cewek dmn perpus
kedokteran] dijawab cewek itu ada di
34. The committee has met and__________. sebrang health center. Jawaban :
A. have approve the budget perpus di dekat health center (library
B. budget was approved near health care)
C. its approval of the budget
D. approved the budget
5. [state universitas] aku terkejut liat
kau disini, ku pikir kau jadi pindah
Listening
ke state university, dijawab cewek:
PART A
huhhh seandainya aja bisa, aku juga
1. [Mahasiswa n profesor ] Mahasiswa berharap begitu. Jawabannya :
konsultasi kalau dia udah selesai (disappointed university)
baca artikel chomsky dan mau bikin
presentasi tapi sepertinya tidak 6. [pergi ke konser] cewek bilang aku
sempat utk baca artikel lain , profesor bakal bawa sweather ke konser,
jawab tidak apa-apa, dari chomsky cowok bilang aku liat ramalan cuaca
aja udah cukup. (Cari yang ado nanti bakal panas. Jawaban: cewek
tulisan : Chomsky) ga usah bawa sweather (leave the
sweater at home)
2. [cowok n cewek persiapan party]
cowok bilang siapa sih yang kasih 7. [masalah balikin buku sosiologi]
ide utk buat sandwich dengan cewek terima kasih ke cowok krn
potongan kecil, kita sudah satu jam udah dititipin bukunya ke teman
 sekamarnya si cewek, cowoknya fine, don’t need pay / no need to pay
bilang aku sengaja krn takutnya ga the library penalty
ketemu sebelum kelas dimulai : (he
borrow her book) 13. [tentang cari apartemen murah]
8. [kerja di lab] mahasiswa bilang cewek bilang aku udah liat koran
sampai minggu ini its okay, tapi terus, susah ya nemu apartemen
minggu depan harus skip krn ada kampus yang murah, cowok bilang
ujian, profesor bilang ga papa kapan aku pernah loh liat di mading student
kamu bisanya aja, jangan lupa kabari center, biasanya disana ditempel
setiap hari senin jdwal kamu ( tell apartemen yang tidak terlalu mahal.
the proff schedule every week) Jawaban: ceweknya disuruh liat
mading di student center ( look at
9. Tentang cowok dateng ke toko yang the wall student center )
hampir tutup, dijawab cewek penjaga
toko ga papa, kita perpanjang 14. [tentang minjam perkakas] cowok
waktunya (toko buka sedikit lama) nanya ke cewek “ kamu punya kotak
store will open a little longer
perkakas? Boleh pinjam ga?? Aku mau
10. Cewek bilang ke cowo kalau dia benerin sesuatu” cewek jawab “okedeh,
ditelpon oleh janet tentang paper entar aku antar setelah makan siang,
presentation, dia pengen kamu
kalau kamu butuh aku juga bisa banu,
datang jam tiga, cowok bilang, aku
pengennya dateng tpi jam 3 nanti ada hal seperti ini lebih ringan kalau
meeting. Jawaban : (professor cant dikerjakan bersama” Jawaban: cewek
comes janet presentation)
bakal bantu si cowok (she help him
11. [Butuh bantuan] sue, butuh bantuan after lunch)
ga untuk nyiapin peralatan nonton
nanti? Cewek jawab “sudah 15. [tentang lukisan terbaru] cowok bilang “
disiapkan semua oleh profesor tadi hey, lihat nih, lukisanku yang baru,
siang” all have been prepared by gimana menurutmu?” . cewek jawab “
professor. waahhhh ini lebih bagus dari lukisanmu
yang sebelumnya, lukisanmu yang ini
12. [balikin buku perpustakaan] cowok
bener-bener memperlihatkan bakatmu
bilang”hey, aku mau balikin buku,
dalam mengekspresikan perasaanmu”
tapi maaf aku baru ingat sekarang
Jawaban : lukisan ini lenih bagus karena
buat balikin, udah telat banget, maaf
memperlihatkan talent si cowok /
yaa” di jawab oleh petugas perpus “
(painting are good because show
iya terlambat, berhubung ini
talent si cowok)
pelanggaran pertamamu, jadi kamu
ga dikasih sanksi/denda apa-apa. No
16. [tentang minjam buku intro to ga bisa dipake seharian ini” (he/her
economic] cowok bilang “boleh ga aku computer is broken all day)
pinjam buku intro to economic
19. [tentang batalnya konser, ifo dari radio]
punyamu, aku tahu semester kemaren
cewek bilang “ hey, tadi aku denger
kamu ngambil mata kuliah ini kan?”.
radio, katanya konser band yang kamu
Cewek jawab “ boleh, senang hati, aku
suka lagu-lagunya itu bakal dibatalin”.
tahu pasti prof itu udah banyak ngasih
Cowok jawab “ huhh iya ada refund
tugas kan”
sihh, tapi jujur aku kecewa banget”
Jawaban : omongan cewek (prof udah kasih Jawaban : Cari yang ado tulisan “.... take
bnyk tugas)/(the woman will lend/borrow place” / refund because concert
a book ) cancelled

17. [tentang exhibition photografi/ 20. [ tentang ngasih copy film biar bisa
pameran prof. Jhonson ] mahasiswa ditonton di tv ] ceweknya bilang “heyy,
bilang “hello prof, tadi aku lihat fotofoto karena kamu ga bisa ikutan nonton film
prof yang ditempel di lobby student di bioskop yang hari ini, nihhh aku kasih
hall, prof emang selalu ambil foto copy-an filmnya, supaya kamu isa
arsitektur ya?”. Prof jawab “ ga itu aja nonton di tv, tapi kamu tahu kan
sih, sekarang aku lagi nyiapin exhibition pendapatku nonton ilm di tv?” cowok
tentang perjalanan aku ke nevada jawab “ hmmm, maksih ya, aku hargain
kemarin” Jawaban : exhibition to pemberianmu, kalau ada satu hal yang
Nevada/ Dio memfoto Different aku pelajarin di kelasmu bahwa film itu

object memang seharusnya ditonton di layar”.

Jawabannyo : Cari yang ado tulisan “
18. [ tentang email dan komputer yang
movies watched on the big screen”
rusak] cewek bilang “ hey, inget ga
email yang mau kamu kirim kae aku itu? 21. [nonton teater] cowok bilang “gimana
Kayaknya ga pernah ku terima deh”. tadi teaternya? Keren? Aku denger
Dijawab cowok “ maaf banget ya, aku kamu tadi beli tiketnya on the spot”
lagi ada masalah sama komputerku, lagi cewek bilang “ iya, aku berharapnya
masih ada tiket tapi ternyata sudah
 habis” Jawaban : cewek tidak berhasil 25. [tentang buku psikologi yang dipinjam si
cewek] cowok bilang “hey ceww, ini nah
nonton / (woman don’t wacth because
buku psikologi yang kamu butuh untuk
ticket run out) pertemuan nanti”. Cewek jawab “huhhh
untunglah, soalnya buku yang pesen
22. [tentang meja antik] cowok bilang baru minggu depan datengnyaa”
“wiiih, meja ini kelihatan antik, pasti Cowok minjemin buku sosiologi ke
cewek / she land sociology book him
mahal kan” cewek jawab “tidak mahal
sama sekali, aku beli di toko furnitur
26. [carrier fair] cwek “hey, aku akan pergi
bekas, harganya hampir seperti ga ada ke carrier fair nanti siang soalnya mau
harga gilssss” Jawaban : barang antiknya liat peluang kerja di industri farmasi,
mau ikut ga?”. Cowok jawab “ menarik
sangat murah ( not expansive)
tuh, aku penasaran kira-kira ada ga yang
bisa ngasih tau tentang karir dalam
23. [tentang olahraga] cewek bilang “capek mengajar”.
nian siang ini gilsss, tadi pagi aku Mereka berdua pergi ke carier fair /cari
olahraga setelah beberapa lama ga job brg (they both go/went to the

olahraga”. Cowok bilang “aku ngerti, carner fair)

aku juga capek nian waktu awal-awal

27. [laptop baru si cewek] cowok bilang
ngegym. ( he also tired from the
“gilss, keren nian laptopmu cee, pasti
beginning of the gym ) banyak fitur yang canggih kan ?. cewek
jawab “ayyy, dak terlalu banyak beguno
24. [mark graduation party] cewek bilang “ untuk aku, tapi satu yang aku seneng,
itu jauh lebih cepet dari laptop lamo
huhh aku denger pesta kelulusannya
aku” Jwbn : Cari yang ado tulisan “(the
mark sangat seru yaa, aku nyesel ga bisa laptop is faster the old one)”
datang soalnya aku kena flu parah”.
Cowok jawab “iya ceu, aku juga ga 28. [numpang ngeprint] cewek bilang “jokk,
dateng soalnya ngaterin adek gue, boleh numpang ngeprint bentar dak?”
cowok jawab “ sorry nian ceeuu lagi abis
tenaangg masih ada banyak party di
tinta, coba numpang di perpus be,
desember ini” Jawaban : mereka berdua santuyy” (print in the library)
ga ikut party nya si mark ( did not join
the party mark ) 29. [bantui jemput adek si cowok] cowok
bilang “cee besok adekku balek dari
denver tapi aku dak pacak jemputnyo di
bandara oleh ado kuliah, galak dak
 dirimu bantui aku?” cewek jawab batu ini yang disebut vesikel yang terbentuk dari
“hemmmmmm, cak mano yoo aku full bekas dari lava yang mendingin, jadi
nian besok, dari pagi full kuliah, kemungkinan ini batu vulkanik.”. mahasiswanya
malu “maaf prof, malu saya karena salah”. Prof
malemnyo aku begawe di lab” Apa
jawab “ ayyyy.. jangan maluu, banyak kok yang
makna kata2 si cewek? dio dak biso
ngira batu itu batu meteorit, bahkan ada pameran
bantu jemput adek si cowok she cannot di city hall yang berjudul “meteorite atau
help picking up meteoright?” disana dipamerkan batu
terestial/lokal yang disangka batu meteorit.
30. [tentang nyari apartemen bareng utk Kamu harus liatt!!
lisa n temennya] cowok julid nanyo “
heyy ceww, apa yang terjadi antara kau
31. Paling banyak ngomongin apa? Batu
n lisa?, kemaren aku lihat lisa nyarinyari
yang ditemukan oleh mahasiswa
apartemen bareng jesica palmer,
ngapolah yo?. Dijawab cewek “aku 32. Dari apa vesikel itu terbentuk? Lava
sama lisa tuh beneran temen deket,
cuman masalah serumah tu agak susah, 33. Apa yang disarani profesor? Lihat
soalnyo jam kerja kami beda nian, jadi pameran di city hall tentang batu
sekarang aku lagi nyari orang yang meteorit n terestial. Cari yang ado
tulisan “... museum”
semasukan untuk ceka apartemen, ado
saran dak?” (find someone to share an Manajemen Bisnis
apartement with)
Percakapan dosen n mahasiswa mata kuliah
manajemen bisnis
Listening
Hello prof, kami baca artikel menarik tentang
Part B kenyataan bahwa nilai semasa kuliah itu ga
berkorelasi dengan kesuksesan memimpin dalam
[tentang meteor] pembicaraan anatara mahasiswa dunia bisnis, giaman tuh prof?. Prof jawab “ada
dan profesor astronomi. Mahasiswa bilang “prof, benernya juga sih karena: Selama kuliah
boleh ga liatin batu yang baru aku temuin, aku mahasiswa kan diajarkan tentang teknik problem
curiga ini batu meteorit”. Prof jawab “ sebentar solving, tapi problem nya kan dibuat dosen, dan
aku liat, .... hmmm ini emang sih batunya besar n mahasiswa hanya pecahin masalahnya secara
kehitaman. Mahasiswa nyaut “ naaaah iya akan pasif. Kepasifan itu lah yang membuat sulit
prof, bener kan meteorit emnag gitu kan besar n untuk mengidentifikasi masalah, sebenatnya di
kehitaman, berat juga ya prof keliatannya”. Prof dunia nyata yang paling penting adalah dapat
jawab “hmm ada perbedaan meteor n meteorit. mengidentifikasi masalah yang sedang
Meteorit itu meteor yang udah sampe ke bumi, berkembang, seblum ia jadi masalah besar dan
jadi waktu meteor itu kena atmosfir dia bakal akan lebih sulit lagi dipecahkan. Cara
terkikis n terbakar. Jadi kebentuk crust kehitama mengidentifikasi inilah yang tidak diajarkan di
yang disebut fusion crust, nah tentang berat tadi, bangku kuliah, dan hanya bisa didapt di dunia
aku rasa ini emang berat tapi ga sepadat itu. Tapi kerja.
satu hal yang aku yakin ini bukan meteorit itu
ada banyak lubanglubang kecil di permukaan
Cewek bilang “ naah, pemimpin yang baik itu kebanyakan dilihat adalah kertas hasil fotokopi
harus bisa motivate orang lain ya kan prof?

Prof jawab “ ya itu bener, satu lagi ya nak,

seorang good manager itu harus bisa memimpin 42-46 (kelas social studies)
dengan gayanya sendiri karena kalo terpaku
42. Jawaban : old and modern technology
dengan gaya memimpin orang lain atau dari
buku, itu akan terkesan tidak natural, yang 43. Apa mksd dari it’s only half true ? bahwa
penting adalah memilik gaya memipin yang teknologi yang dipake saat ini ga semodern
sesuai dengan personalitynya sendiri. yang kita kira, karena masih ada
34. Jawaban: ga selamanya nilai yang tinggi menggunakan cara lama (think)
selama menjadi mahasiswa itu berhubungan 44. Jawaban : seatting arrangement/ distribution
dengan kesuksesan di dunia kerja. grades 35.
45. Apa persamaan dari stadium moderm dan
Jawaban : motivate other people
colosseum? Sama-sama punya atap yang
bisa dibuka tutup → retractable awning
36. Jawaban “based on characteristic”/
personality 46. Mengapa pada colosseum digunakan tenaga
manusia untuk membuka kanopi? Cari yang
PART C ado tulisan : No electicity, Technology
belum ditemukan
37-41 (penyimpanan kertas bersejarah-
pembicaraan di kelas sejarah) 47-50 (tentang semut)
37. Jawaban : melestarikan/ preservation old 47. Jawaban : role of sound
artifak
48. Apa yang awalnya dikira oleh scientist
38. Tentang newspaper, . apa yang diomongin
tentang chirping sound? Jawaban : itu hanya
profesor : cari yang ada kata-kata
acidic(kertasnya ga tahan lama) Reading

39. Jawaban : karena acid dari container itu bisa

*Planet Jupiter
merembes ke kertas didalamnya dan bisa
digunakan untuk mengalihkan perhatian
merusak→ migrate ke kertas atau kertas itu
predator/ perlindungan diri alarm signal
masih bisa menyerap asam
49. Apa yang dilakukan oleh semut-semut
40. Jawaban : masalah pencahayaan “sensor
pekerja ketika diputarkan suara dari speaker
motion otomatis” ultraviolet
bunyi khas dari queen ant? Jawaban : gather
→protect sinar uv dengan mengcover jendelanya around it

→menghindari pencahayaan yang ga dibutuhkan 50. Apa cara yang dilakukan oleh salah satu
utk mendeteksi pergerakan orang caterpillar untuk mengelabui semut?
Jawaban : imitating the
41. Masalah fotokopian. Jawabannya : kertas itu
rapuh dan sangat tua dan langka, yang
 Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiter’s four largest moons and the second
moon out from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic.
Then came the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2,
and within
Line days, Europa was transformed-in our perception, at least-into one of the solar
system’s
(5) most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of
detail, especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin,
kinked brown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the
mark.

The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete
absence of
craters indicates that Europa’s surface ice resembles Earth’s Antarctic ice cap. The
(10) eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few
kilometers thick –a true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that , in
turn, encases
a rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal
forces
generated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel
around
Jupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting
internal heat
(15) keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike
marks on
Europa’s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.

Soon after Voyager 2’s encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best
images of
Europa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa’s
subsurface
ocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was
releasing a
(20) vast store of internal heat. Jupiter’s early heat was produced by the compression of
the material forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the
primal
Sun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former
intensity.
During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa’s ocean may have
been liquid right to the surface, making it a crucible for life.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

 (A) The effect of the tides on Europa’s interior
(B) Temperature variations on Jupiter’s moons
(C) Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter’s moons (D) Techniques used
by Voyager 2 to obtain close-up images.

2. The word “intriguing” in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing
(B) perfect
(C) visible
(D) fascinating

3. In line 7, the another mentions “cracks in an eggshell” in order to help readers

(A) visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images
(B) appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewing Europa from
far away
(C) understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system
(D) recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter’s other moons

4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979
(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa
(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter’s moons
(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available (D)
did nor mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered

5. What does the author mean by stating in line 7 that “this analogy is not far off the
mark”?
(A) The definition is not precise.
(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.
(C) The differences are probably significant.
(D) The comparison is quite appropriate

6. IT can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common
which of the following?
(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.
(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.
(C) Both have an ice can that is melting rapidly.
(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.

7. The word “endless” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) new
(B) final
 (C) temporary
(D) continuous

8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter’s other large moons on
Europa? (A) They prevent Europa’s subsurface waters from freezing. (B) They
prevent tides that could damage Europa’s surface.
(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.
(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.

9. According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s
surface?
(A) A long period of extremely high tides
(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice
(C) The continuous pressure of slush on top of the ice
(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky core

Archaelogical ( pot )

Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making.

Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of
their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but
demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels.

Line The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost
care:
(5) often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency
of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed
with water to make it entirely even in texture. By careful
kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay
as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the
pot was built up, When a pot is fired.
It loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a
substance that
(10) helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.

Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and

also improved the durability in day-to-day use, the potter smoothed
the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often a wet clay
solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface.
Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted
decorations on the vessel. In later times. glazes
 (15) came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns
to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing. When a slip
was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the
external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then
rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny,
hard surface. Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped
decorations.

(20) Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels
were covered with fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would
all around the pots and bake them evenly over a few hours. Far
higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known as kilns,
which
would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also
dissolve carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for
glazing, when two firings were needed, Once fired, the pots were
allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired before they
were ready for use.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot making
(B) How early pottery was made and decorated
(C) The development of kilns used by early potters
(D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric pottery

2. The word “ meticulously” in line 6 is closest in meaning to..

A. Heavily
B. initially
C. carefully
D. completely

3. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve the
texture of the clay?
A. Adding temper
B. Removing the water
C. Beating on the clay
C. Mixing the clay with plastic substances

4. The word “durability” in line 11 is closest in meaning to..

(A) Quality
 (B) endurance
(C) adaptability
(D) applicability

5. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to do which
of the following?
A. Improve the appearance of the vessels
B. prevent the vessels from leaking
C. Help the vessels a leather like quality
D. Give the vessels a leather like quality

6. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a
glossy finish?
A. Smoothing them with wet hands
B. Mixing the clay with colored solutions
C. Baking them at a very high temperature
D. Rubbing them with a smooth hard object

7. The word “incised” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) Designed (B) carved (C) detailed (D) painted

8. The word “they” in ling 26 refers to

(A) Kilns
(B) firings
(C) pots
(D) cracks

9. According to the passage, the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the
kilns
A. required less wood for burning
B. reached higher temperatures
C. kept ashes away from the pots
D. baked vessels without cracking them

10. Look at the terms “temper” (line 9), “glazes” (line 14), “kilns” (line 23), and
“compounds” (line 24). Which of these terms is NOT defined in the passage?
(A) Temper (B) glazes (C) kilns (D) compounds

11. The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under burning wood ,the ashes
help
A. prevent the clay from cracking
B. produce a more consistently baked pot
C. attain a very high temperature
D. give the vessel a glasslike finish
Paleoanthropological

One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary

habits of hominids, erect bipedal primates—including early
humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began
to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where it
Line was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases
is a
(5) fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served
at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home
base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare
among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases,
what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what
the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were. Work on early
tools,
10. surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological
theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge
about this central chapter in human prehistory.

One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and

wear on stone tools.
Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible
(15) and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in
woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is used,
characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable
polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of
analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates
that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract
highly
(20) nutritious food—meat and marrow-from large animal carcasses. Fossil
bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in
the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and
the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than
apesized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when
human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman
(25) primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat
eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and
whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the
use of home bases.
 1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid
behavior?
A. Changes in eating and dietary practices
B. The creation of stone hunting tools
C. Social interactions at home bases
D. Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses

2. According to the passage, bringing a meal to a location to be shared by

many individuals is
A. an activity typical of nonhuman primates B. a
common practice among animals that eat meat
C. an indication of social unity.
D. a behavior that encourages better dietary habits

3. The word "consumed" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

A. prepared
B. stored
C. distributed
D. eaten

4. According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies of old stone tools in

order to
A. protect the old tools from being worn out
B. display examples of the old tools in museums
C. test theories about how old tools were used
D. learn how to improve the design of modern tools

5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of

ways in which early stone tools were used EXCEPT to..
A. build home bases
B. obtain food
C. make weapons
D. shape wood

6. he word "innovative" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

A. good B.
new
C. simple
D. costly

7. The word "them" in line 15 refers to

A. issues
 B. researchers
C. tools
D. specimens

8. The author mentions "characteristic chippage patterns" in line 16 as an

example of
A. decorations cut into wooden objects
B. differences among tools made of various substances
C. impressions left on prehistoric animal bones
D. indications of wear on stone tools

9. The word "extract" in line 19 is closest in meaning to..

A. identify B.
remove C.
destroy
D. compare

10. The word "whether" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

A. If
B. how
C. why
D. when

North America ( cooking / Oven )

In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in
the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as
for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in
the South, they were

Line often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel
tree was

(5) used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This
timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the
rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.

Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these
rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when cooking.
Wood

(10) from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it
had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus
weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When
iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and
later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.
Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small,

(15) secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out
smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were
built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once
or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple
sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The
embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven
was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.

Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake
kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is
said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by
glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.
1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does
the passage mainly discuss?
A. Methods of baking bread
B. Fireplace cooking
C. The use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen
D. The types of wood used in preparing meals

2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate

(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern
fireplaces
(B) that they served diverse functions
(C) that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces (D) how they were
safer than northeastern fireplaces

3. The word "scorched" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) burned (B) cut (C) enlarged (D) bent

4. The word "it" in line 6 refers to

(A) the stonework
(B) the fireplace opening
(C) the mantel tree
(D) the rising column of heat

5. According to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the
seventeenth century?
(A) By placing the pot directly into the fire
(B) By putting the pot in the oven
(C) By filling the pot with hot water
(D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire

6. The word "obtain" in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) maintain (B) reinforce (C) manufacture (D) acquire

7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a

wooden lug pole?
(A) It was made of wood not readily available.
(B) It was difficult to move or rotate.
(C) It occasionally broke.
(D) It became too hot to touch.
 8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, "oven
wood" produced
(A) less smoke (B) more heat (C) fewer embers (D) lower flames

9. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:
(A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day.
(B) It was built as part of the main fireplace.
(C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.
(D) It was heated with maple sticks.

10. According to the passage, which of the following was an advantage of a "bake kettle"?
(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.
(B) It did not need to be tightly closed.
(C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.
(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.

United States ( Ubranization )

Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during
the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city,
within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the

Line beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns

(5) or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840,
increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900.
A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had
become one with 545 such cities in 1900. of these, 26 had a population of more than
100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration

(10) producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the
combination of new immigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban
frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.

The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural
revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city

(15) and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people
needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided
ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in
transportation and construction-as well as the expanded market in consumer
goodsallowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the
 (20) Untied States.Technological developments further stimulated the process of
urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for
manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers.
The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting
as well as of the

(25) telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural
Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era
the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people; the
bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised
in rural isolation.

1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly
discuss?

(A) Technological developments

(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities

(C) Standards of living

(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization

2. The word "influx" in line 1 is closest in meaning to..

(A) working (B) processing (C) arrival (D) attraction

3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss

(A) foreign immigration

(B) rural life

(C) the agricultural revolution

(D) famous cities of the twentieth century

4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?

(A) Five percent

(B) Eleven percent

(C) Twenty-eight percent

(D) Forty-six percent

5. The word "extraordinary" in line 12 is closet in meaning to..

(A) expensive (B) exceptional (C) supreme (D) necessary

6. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to..

(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants

(B) farms and small towns

(C) growth of cities and industrialization

(D) industry and transportation

7. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to..

(A) forced (B) prepared (C) limited (D)motivated

8. hy does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in lines 24-25?

(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution

(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life

(C) They were developed by the same individual.

(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.

9. The word "them" in line 26 refers to

(A) urban areas (B) rural Americans (C) farms (D) cities

10. The word "era" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) period of time (B) location (C) action (D) unique situation

11. The word "intriguing" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) profitable (B) attractive (C) comfortable (D) challenging

Glass
Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or
colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is
lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet

Line fragile, and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its

(5) optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as table ware, containers, in
architecture and design - glass represents a major achievement in the history of
technological developments.Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass lias been
used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica,
line and an alkali such as

(10) soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development
of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and
malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and
sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in
contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the

(15) crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random
molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens
until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals
customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily
 whendealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to
moisture,

(20) and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to
release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.Another unusual feature of glass is
the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot,
ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or"freeze" at specific temperatures glass
progressively softens as the temperature rises,

(25) going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage
of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different
techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point.
Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other
materials.

1. Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in lines 1-5?

(A) To demonstrate how glass evolved

(B) To show the versatility of glass

(C) To explain glassmaking technology

(D) To explain the purpose of each component of glass

2. The word "durable"' in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) lasting
(B) delicate

(C) heavy

(D) Plain
3. What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass?

(A) They were the same for centuries.

(B) They are liquid (C) They are transparent

(D) They are very heavy.

4. According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different from
most other rigid substances?

(A) It has an interlocking crystal network.

(B) It has an unusually low melting temperature.

(C) It has varying physical properties.

(D) It has a random molecular structure.

5. The word "customarily" in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) naturally (B) necessarily (C) usually (D) certainly

6. The words "exposed to" in line 19 are closest in meaning to

(A) hardened by

(B) chilled with

(C) subjected to

(D) deprived of
7. What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass products
during manufacture?

(A) the glass must be reheated and evenly cooled.

(B) the glass must be cooled quickly.

(C) The glass must be kept moist until cooled.

(D) The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately

8. The word "induced" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) joined (B) missed (C) caused (D) lost

9. The word "it" in line 22 refers to

(A) feature (B) glass (C) manner (D) viscosity

10. According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms than
can metals

(A) It resists breaking when heated

(B) It has better optical properties.

(C) It retains heat while its viscosity changes.

(D) It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises.

Antibiotics & Immune System

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living thingsdepends
on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle,
sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one

Line species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living
things

(5) and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread. A
multitude of microorganisms( including viruses and bacteria) and an army of
invertebrates - or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and
many different types of worms ) -make their livings directly at the expense of other
creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of

(10) defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.
Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics
into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting
the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating
or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in
(15) defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by
disease-causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to
ward off the invaders. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of
defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary
considerably, all major

(20) groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign"
cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms,
shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence
that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they
come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.

(25) The ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself", while present in all animals, is
most efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their
defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign
invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

 (A) how parasites reproduce

(B) how organisms react to invaders

(C) how antibiotics work to cure disease

(D) how the immune systems of vertebrates developed

2. The word "intricate" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) difficult (B) widespread (C) critical (D) complex

3. The expression "an army" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) an illness (B) an attack (C) a large number (D) a distinct type

4. According to the passage, some organisms produce antibiotics in order to

(A) prevent disease in humans (B) aid digestion

(C) fight off other organisms (D) create new types of nutrients

5. The word "vary" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) differ (B) endure (C) balance (D) contribute

6. The word "they" in line 23 refers to

(A) sponges, worms and shellfish

(B) vertebrates

(C) individuals

(D) transplants
7. According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible
organisms will result in the transplanted tissue

(A) becoming a parasite

(B) being treated as an invader

(C) altering its genetic makeup

(D) developing a new immune system

8. According to the passage, the ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself"
enables vertebrates to

(A) accept transplanted cells

(B) detect and react to invasion

(C) weaken their immune system

(D) get rid of antibiotics

9. All of the following ate defined in the passage EXCEPT

(A) parasites(line 4)

(B) invertebrates(line7)

(C) nutrients (line14)

(D) vertebrates(line 22)

10. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

(A) how the immune system in vertebrates fights off foreign cells
 (B) different types of bacteria and lung

(C) how vertebrates and invertebrates differ

(D) examples of different groups of organisms

Semut ( ant )
Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these
activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow. As a worker
ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the route by intermittently touching its
stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail pheromone—a mixture of chemicals
that delivers diverse messages as the context changes. These trails incorporate no directional
information and may be followed by other ants in either direction.

Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept
secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use a wide variety
of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.
Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that
one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth.

The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way, and the ant
detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone will evaporate to furnish the
highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following
the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail
itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna into the vapor space. As the ant moves to the
right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space. The signal it receives causes it to swing to the
left, and the ant then pursues this new course until its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It
then swings back to the right, and so weaves back and forth down the trail.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The mass migration of ants

(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail

(C) Different species of ants around the world

(D) The information contained in pheromones

2. The word “forage” in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) look up

(B) walk toward

(C) revolve around

(D) search for food

3. The word “intermittently” in live 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) periodically

(B) incorrectly

(C) rapidly

(D) roughly

4. The phrase “the one” in line 8 refers to a single

(A) message

(B) dead ant

(C) food trail

(D) species

5. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?

(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals

(B) To attract different types of ants

(C) To protect their trail from other species

(D) To indicate how far away the food is

6. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out

(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail

 (B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce

(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world

(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone

7. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?

(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.

(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail

(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.

(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.

8. The word “furnish” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) include

(B) provide

(C) cover

(D) select

9. The word “oscillating “ in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) falling

(B) depositing

(C) swinging

(D) starting

10. According to the passage, the highest amount of pheromone vapor is found

(A) in the receptors of the ants

(B) just above the trail

 (C) in the source of food

(D) under the soil along the trail

Death Valley
In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there
is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewhere,
where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and
deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it isnot (5)
the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal
prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by
moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many areas along the
eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table
by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.

(10) Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground.
Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which
promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings
within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots
breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry
the rock apart

(15) along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in

sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between
individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite
crystals (the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by
hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood
natural conditions

(20) for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by
salt weathering within a few generations. The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or
sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and
wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a
worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to

(25) arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the
seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections
of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

 (A) The destructive effects of salt on rocks.

(B) The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.

(C) The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.

(D) The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.

2. The word "it" in line 9 refers to

(A) salty water (B) groundwater table (C) capillary action (D) sediment

3. The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) put

(B) reduce

(C) replace

(D) control

4. In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals?

(A) They both force hard surfaces to crack.

(B) They both grow as long as water is available.

(C) They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.

(D) They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.

5. In lines 17-18, the author mentions the "expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of
sulfates and similar salts by hydration" in order to (A) present an alternative theory about
crystal growth

(B) explain how some rocks are not affected by salt

(C) simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedging

 (D) introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks

6. The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) large (B) strong (C) flexible (D) pressured

7. The word "shattered" in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) arranged (B) dissolved

(C) broken apart (D) gathered together

8. The word "dominant" in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) most recent (B) most common

(C) least available (D) least damaging

9. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on
rocks?

(A) Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.

(B) Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.

(C) A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.

(D) Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley.

10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found
in areas where ice is common?

(A) They are protected from weathering.

(B) They do not allow capillary action of water.

(C) They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.

(D) They contain more carbonates than sulfates.