Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2016

Pearson Edexcel AS
in Physics (8PH0 / 01)
Paper 01 – Core Physics I
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Summer 2016
Publications Code 8PH0_02_1606_MS*
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2016
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly
the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved,
i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should
also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response
is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of
the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
Mark scheme notes

Underlying principle

The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed up by examples. It is
not a set of model answers.

1. Mark scheme format

1.1 You will not see ‘wtte’ (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should be credited
in every answer unless the MS has specified specific words that must be present. Such words
will be indicated by underlining e.g. ‘resonance’
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis e.g. ‘and’ when two pieces of information are
needed for 1 mark.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence) distance is increased”.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not accept gravity]
[ecf].

2. Unit error penalties

2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect unit will normally
mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 This does not apply in ‘show that’ questions or in any other question where the units to be
used have been given, for example in a spreadsheet.
2.3 The mark will not be awarded for the same missing or incorrect unit only once within one
clip in epen.
2.4 Occasionally, it may be decided not to insist on a unit e.g the candidate may be calculating
the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not one that should be known and is
complex.
2.5 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error is to be applied by means of [no ue].

3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of too many significant figures in the theory questions will not be prevent a mark being
awarded if the answer given rounds to the answer in the MS.
3.2 Too few significant figures will mean that the final mark cannot be awarded in ‘show that’
questions where one more significant figure than the value in the question is needed for the
candidate to demonstrate the validity of the given answer.
3.3 The use of one significant figure might be inappropriate in the context of the question e.g.
reading a value off a graph. If this is the case, there will be a clear indication in the MS.
3.4 The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1 will mean that one
mark will not be awarded. (but not more than once per clip). Accept 9.8 m s-2 or 9.8 N kg-1
3.5 In questions assessing practical skills, a specific number of significant figures will be
required e.g. determining a constant from the gradient of a graph or in uncertainty
calculations. The MS will clearly identify the number of significant figures required.

4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a ‘show that’
question.
4.2 If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks, then both marks will be available for a reverse
working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of physically correct
values, although there may be conversion errors e.g. power of 10 error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or implied by
substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number

1 B Average speed
1

2 D −0.60 kg m s−1
1

3 A

4 D Work done per unit charge to move a charge around a circuit.

1

5 D kg m s−2
1
6 C Rolling up one ramp and down a second ramp.
1

7 D
1

V
8 C

I 1
(Total for Multiple Choice Questions = 8 marks)
 Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
9 Accept use of efficiency = with
 Use of P = VI Or use ofEgrav = mgh (1)
corresponding times
 Use of efficiency = (1)
Example of calculation

 Efficiency = 0.75 to 0.78 (or 75 % to 78%) (1) Pmotor = (85 × 10−3) A × 3.0 V = 0.255 W

Pblock = 0.05 kg × 9.81 N kg−1 × 0.40 m s−1 = 0.196 W

.
Efficiency = = 0.77 (no unit) 3
.
(Total for Question 9 = 3 marks)
 Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
10(a)
(normal) contact force Or reaction (force)
Four forces correctly labelled
Or N Or R Or force of ground on child
(1 force correctly labelled scores one mark

2 or 3 forces correctly labelled scores two marks Force/pull of

F /Friction
rope
4 forces correctly labelled scores three marks) (between ground
on child
and child)
Or tension/T
Weight/W/mg Or
gravitational force

3
*10(b) This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and
logically structured answer with linkages and fully-sustained The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for
reasoning. structure and lines of reasoning

Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer Number of marks awarded for
is structured and shows lines of reasoning. structure of answer and
sustained line of reasoning
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for Answer shows a coherent and 2
indicative content. logical structure with
Number of indicative Number of marks awarded for linkages and fully sustained
marking points seen in indicative marking points lines of reasoning
answer demonstrated throughout
6 4 Answer is partially structured 1
5-4 3 with some linkages and lines
3-2 2 of reasoning
1 1 Answer has no linkages 0
0 0 between points and is
unstructured
Indicative content
 The idea that the rope is under tension Accept tension for ‘force of rope on team’

 Team A exerts a force on the rope and due to N3 the rope

exerts a force on Team A

 Force of rope on team A > frictional force for Team A

 Team A now has a resultant force (to the right) MP4: accept ‘unbalanced’ for ‘resultant’

 Team A accelerates (to the right) due to N1/2

 (This is because) the frictional force between Team B and the Accept converse for MP6 but a reference to both Team A and
ground is larger Or Team B applies a greater force (on the Team B is required for MP6
rope) than team A
6
(Total for Question 10 = 9 marks)
 Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
11(a) Example of calculation
 Use of W = mg (1) Mass of water = 85.0 litres × 1 kg = 85.0 kg
Mass of base and water = 85.0 kg + 3.50 kg = 88.5 kg
 W = 868 (N) (1) Weight of base = 88.5 kg × 9.81 N kg−1 = 868.2 N
2
11(b)  See 868 N × 0.45 m × cos 15 (= 377.3 N m) (1) MP1 accept sin75 for cos15

 See 27 N ×2.0 m × cos 75 (= 13.98 N m) (1) MP2 accept sin15 for cos75

 See Fw ×2.4 m × cos 15 (= 2.31Fw) (1) MP3 accept sin75 for cos15

 Use of principle of moments MP4, accept > correctly used in place of = to indicate the
e.g. substitution into: moment of weight of base point at which it will tip and ecf for W from 11 (a)
= moment of weight of post arrangement +
moment of wind (1) Example of calculation (using perpendicular forces)
Moment of weight of base = 868 N × cos 15 × 0.45 m =
 Fw = 157 or 158 N (1) 377.29 Nm

Moment of the post arrangement

= 27.0 N × cos 75 × (2.80 m – 0.80 m) = 13.98 N m

Moment of the wind = Fw × cos 15 × 2.40 m = 2.31 Fw

377.29Nm = 13.98 Nm + 2.31 Fw

Fw = 157.28 N

Example of calculation (using perpendicular distances)

(868 N × 0.45 m × cos 15)
= (27 N ×2.0 m × cos 75) + (Fw ×2.4 m × cos 15)
Fw = 156.72 N 5
11(c)  Fw would increase (1)

 The weight of the base would be heavier/increase (1)

 This increases the clockwise moment Or this

increases the moment of the (weight of the) base (1) 3
(Total for Question 11 = 10 marks)
 Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
12(a)
An explanation that makes reference to the following: MP1 e.g. If the frequency of the light is high
enough the electrons will gain energy from the
 The idea that the electrons gain energy from the light (1) light (and jump to the conduction band)

 (As the lamp is moved towards the LDR) the MP2 assume the answer is in terms of the lamp
intensity/brightness/illumination of light falling on the moving towards the LDR unless stated otherwise
LDR increases (1)

 This increased the number of (conduction) electrons (1) MP3 accept charge carrier (density) for electrons

 Which reduced the resistance of the LDR (1)

 decreasing the potential difference across the LDR Or

increasing the potential difference across the fixed
resistor/voltmeter (1) 5
12(b)
 potential difference across the LDR = 3.6 V
 (1)
Or seen Or seen


 Use of V = IR (1) MP2 use of V = IR with 2.4 V or 3.6 V only

Or resistance ratio × 6.0 V = corresponding p.d.
(1)
 R = 110  Example of calculation

I = 2.4 V/75  = 0.032 A

Voltage across LDR = 6.0 V – 2.4 V = 3.6 V
.
R=
.
R = 112.5 

Or use of ratios

× 6.0 V = 2.4 V

R = 112.5  3
12(c) An explanation that makes reference to the following:

 Combined resistance of (light) bulb and LDR is about 3  (in

the dark)
Or the combined resistance is less than the resistance of
bulb/LDR (1)

 The combined resistance is always much less than the (75 Ω)

fixed resistance (1)

 The p.d. across the bulb will be much less than 3 V and so MP3: accept the idea that the p.d. across the bulb is
the bulb will not come on (in the dark). (1) never high enough to make the bulb come on in the
dark 3
(Total for Question 12 = 11 marks)
 Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
13(a) Either (Energy route) Example of calculation
 Use of Ek = ½ mv2 and use of W = Fd (1) Ek = ½ × m × (15 m s−1)2
½ × m × (15 m s−1)2 = F × 70 m
m = 0.62F
 Use of W = Ek (1) ½ × m × (25 m s−1)2 = F × d
½ ×0.62F × (25 m s−1)2 = F × d
 Length of the road train = 194 (m) (1) d = 194 m

Or (suvat route)
Example of calculation
 Use of v2 = u2 + 2as with v = 0 to calculate the
0 = (15 m s−1)2 + (2× a × 70 m)
deceleration a = − 1.61 m s−2
(1)
0 = (25 m s−1)2 + (2× (−1.61 m s−2 )× s)
 Use of v2 = u2 + 2as with u = 25 m s−1 and s = 194 m
(1)
calculated a
(Reverse show that max 2 for either route)
 Length of the road train = 194 or 195 (m) (1)

(Do not award MP3 using suvat route for a

substitution with u and v the wrong way round i.e. a
positive value for a) 3
13(b)  Use of m s = −1
km h −1 (1) (MP2 independent of MP1 and is for use of the
equations using the speed in m s−1 or km h−1)
 Use of correct equation(s) of motion to obtain (1)
the displacement Example of calculation
 s = 55 m (1) ( )2 = (30 m s−1)2 + (2×3.7 m s −2× s )

s = 54.6 m 3
13(c)  As the speed increases, drag increases (1) MP1: accept ‘air resistance’ for ‘drag’

 There is greater fuel consumption to maintain

a higher constant speed
Or the fuel economy reduces at higher speeds
to maintain a constant speed (1)

 Statement linking fuel economy to engine MP3 e.g. The efficiency of the engine may increase
efficiency (1) (with speed) but the fuel economy decreases
Or you can’t compare efficiency which is a ratio with
fuel consumption/economy which is a volume
3
(Total for Question 13 = 9 marks)
 Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
14(a)(i) Example of calculation
Use of 3600 × W h to give energy stored = 24 900 (J) (1) 6.91 W h = 6.91 × 3600 s = 24 876 J
1
14(a)(ii) Example of calculation
 Use of V = W/Q (1) Q = = 6512 C
.
(ecf for calculated energy from (a)(i))
 Q = 6510 C (1)
(show that value gives Q = 6545 C) 2
14(a)(iii) Example of calculation
 Use of Q = It Or W = VIt (1) t = = 7235.6 s
.
.
t= = 2.01 h
 Use of (1) (ecf for calculated charge from (a)(i))

 t = 2.0 (h) (1) (show that value gives t = 2.02 h)

3
14(b)  The replacement charger will still have to supply the same MP1: may be awarded for use of 6510 C in a
charge (6510 C) (1) calculation for MP2

 The replacement charging plug takes more time to charge

Or the old charging plug takes less time to charge MP2 calculation to support this using t = Q/I
(1) Or if the phone uses 1A the time to charge will
be the same
 Replacement charging plug uses a lower current therefore
reduces heating effect
(1)
 The phone may try and draw a current of 1 A which may
damage the charging plug (1) 4
(Total for Question 14 = 10 marks)
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
15(a)
 Comparison to y = mx + c (1) MP1 e.g. y = mx + c so
v= d2 (+ 0)

 Identify that , ρs, ρf and g are constants
(1)
 c = 0 so the graph passes through the origin
Or when d2= 0, v = 0 so would pass through the origin 3
(1)
15(b)
 Axes labelled with quantities and units (1) MP1: v / 10−3 m s−1on y-axis
and d2 / 10−6 m2on x-axis
 Suitable scale (1)
d2 / 10−6 m2 v / 10−3 m s−1
 Correct plotting (1)
1.0 2.3
 Line of best fit (judged by eye) (1) 4.0 11
9.0 23
16.0 39
25.0 64 4

15(c)  Attempt to find gradient, at least half drawn line used (1)

 Use of  = ×
(1)

  = 1.4 − 1.5 (Pa s) (1)

 Corn syrup identified as the fluid (1) MP4 to be consistent with calculated value for 

Example of calculation
.
=
.
 = 1.46 Pa s 4
(Total for Question 15 = 11 marks)
 Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
16(a)  As graphene is only 1 atom thick so the CSA/thickness is MP1: accept graphene can only be 1 atom
far smaller than for a sample of steel thick but steel can be any thickness
Or most applications need a thickness greater than one atom
Or if more than one layer of graphene is used it will be (MP1, treat references to cost/energy as
weaker or the bonds between the layers will not be strong neutral)
Or Graphene is difficult to manufacture because it has
only one atomic layer (1)

 Although graphene has a greater breaking stress it will

break at a lower force (1)
2
16(b)  Use of depth of graphite = 100 × diameter of 1 carbon atom (1) Example of calculation
Depth of graphite = 100 × 1.4 × 10−10 m = 1.4 ×
 Use of cross-sectional area = depth × (0.5 × 10−3 m) 10−8 m
(1)
CSA = 1.4 × 10−8 m × 0.50 × 10−3 m = 7.0 ×
 Use of ρ = (1) 10−12 m2

 ρ = 3.6 × 10−5  m Or 36 μ m (1) .  .

ρ= = 3.6 × 10−5  m 4
.
16(c) Max 3
 Silicon will only release a (photo) electron for a MP1: accept single frequency for limited range
limited range of frequencies/wavelengths (1)

 Silicon releases only one (photo) electron per incident

photon (1)

 Greater current (for the same illumination) in graphene (1)

 Graphene (cells are) more efficient

Or graphene cells could be smaller / cheaper / thinner (1) 3
(Total for Question 16 = 9 marks)
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