AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL ADDITION OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

1. INTRODUCTION

The construction industry relies heavily on conventional materials such as Cement,sand

and granite for production of concrete.Concrete is the basic civil engineering
composite.The quality of concrete is determined by the quality of paste/mix.It is the
world’s most consumed manmade material.It’s greatversatility and relative economy in
filling wide range of needs has made it a competitive building material.The demand for
concrete for today’sinfrastructural development is rising day-by -day.In light of this, the
non-availability of natural resources to future generation has also been realized.Concrete
production is not only a valuable source of societal development but also a significant
source of employment.Following a natural growth in population, the amount and type of
waste materials have increased accordingly creating thus environmental
problems.Historically agricultural and industrial wastes have created waste management
and pollution problems.Different alternative waste materials and industrial by-products
such as fly ash,bottom ash,recycled aggregates,crumb rubber,saw dust,brick bats etc. were
replaced with natural aggregates.Although these materials are traditionally considered as
“primitive” and therefore inferior to more highly processes in terms of
safety,durability,performance,occupant’s health and comfort with respect to
environmental issue,consumption of environmental products and energy within the
constructionindustry has created a significant demand for raw materials and for
production thereby contributing to the many environmental problems associated with
diverse ecosystem.
The wastes have generally no commercial value and are locally available at a minimal
transportation cost.The use of these wastes has complemented other traditional materials
in construction and hence provides practical and economic advantages.Also proper
utilization of these wastes conserves the natural resources and protects the environment.
In the growing environmental consciousness at all of especially associated with concrete,
and natural resources problems, sustainable development and sustainable construction
throughout the global. Building are one of the maximum construction for a significant
portion of the green house emission engineering approach to concrete mix design. This
requires concrete durability, conservation of material, use of materials, and recycling of
concrete.
Concrete is a most broadly utilized construction material. It is, all in all, a mixture of
Cement (binding material), aggregate (filler materials) and water. It very well may be
formed in any necessary shape, simple to deal with and has a

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wide range of design strength. It is therefore utilized in approximately all benevolent

construction work. Cement is the main element of concrete as to act as a binding material.
Be that as it may, the production of concrete causes so numerous natural risks, like Cement
dust, air contamination,solid waste pollution, noise pollution, ground vibrations and
resource depletion because of crude material extraction. The primary components of the
gases produced from Cement enterprises are CO2, N2, O2, SO2, water vapours and micro
components for example CO and others. The Cement industry is one of the two biggest
producers of carbon dioxide (CO2), making up to 8% of overall man-made emanation of
this gas, of which half is from chemical process and 40% from consuming fuel. The CO2
produced from structural concrete is assessed at 410 kg/m3. Around 900 kg of CO2 are
discharged for the creation of every 1 ton of concrete. The CO2 is major greenhouse gas.
In this way Cement assembling contributes green house gases both straightforwardly
through the decay of calcium carbonate and furthermore through utilization of energy,
especially from the combustion of fossil fuel. Thus we are expected to discover other
discretionary material for concrete instead of Cement. In the event that we ready to
supplant few percent of Cement from concrete, it will supportive to lessen CO 2 emission.
From different exploration works, some mechanical squanders are discovered which can
diminish the measure of concrete in Cement without bargaining its essential properties
(like strength). Granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, rice husk ash, cenospheres and
fly ash are some industrial waste that can be utilized as strengthening Cementitious
materials. Rich husk ash is an agricultural by product which is obtained from rice mill and
then burned and very high temperature as fuel.which gives some extra advantages when
utilized in Cement. Before additional conversation about R.H.A let us quickly examine
about concrete.

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2. OBJECTIVES

 Effect of rice husk ash on workability.

 Effect on compressive strength of concrete.
 Effect on flexural strength of concrete.
 Effect on split tensile strength of concrete.
 Comparison of results of different tests with varying proportion of R.H.A.
 To examine the gainful use of modern waste as the Cement substitution in construction
work.
 To evaluate the optimum proportion of rice husk ash as a beneficial replacement with
Cement in Cement concrete.
 To improve the engineering properties of concrete like compressive strength, tensile
strength and flexural strength.
 To make concrete cost-effective by reducing the amount of Cement.
 To optimize the use of waste product like rice husk ash (R.H.A) in preparation of concrete.

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3.LITRATURE REVIEW

[1] Bolla r.k. , ratnam m.k.m.v., raju u.r.(2015):Experimental studies on concrete with
rice husk ash as a partial replacement of Cement using magnesium sulphate solution
.ijirst-international journal for innovative research in series &technology volume
1|issude7|december 2015 issn (online):2349-6010
[2]Bul dd, hu j, and stroeven p,(2005):Portland Cement concrete. Cement and concrete
composite, 27(2005)pp357- 66particle size effect on the strength of rice husk ash blended
gap graded.
[3]Dahiya a.,him anshu , kumar n., yadav d.(2015):Effectsof rice husk ash on
properties of Cement concrete .international journal of advanced technology in
engineering and science vol.no.3, issue no 12 issn2348-7550 pp 59-63
[4]Egbe-ngu ntui ogork, a.u., augustin u.e.(2015):Hydrochloric acid aggression in
groundnud shell ash (gsa) - rice husk ash (R.H.A)modified concrete .scholars journal of
engineering and technology(sjet)issn2321- 435x(online)sch.j.eng.tech.,2015;3(2a):129-
13
[5]Emmanuuel a.,akaangee n.c.(2015):Evaluation of the properties of rice husk ash as
a partial replacement for ordinary portlant Cement. International journal of scientific
research engineering& technology(ijsret), issn 2278-0882 voliume4, issye7, july 2015
[6]Ganiron jr t.u.(2013):Effects of rice husk ash as substitute for fine aggregate in
concrete mixture . International journal of advanced science and technology vol.58,
(2013), pp.29-40. 0 5 10 15 20 0% 10% 20% 30% 7 days curing 14 days curing 0 2 4 6 8
0% 10% 20% 30% 7 days curing 14 days curing 28 days curing issn: 2455-2631 © march
2021 ijsdr | volume 6, issue 3 ijsdr2103095 international journal of scientific development
and research (ijsdr) www.ijsdr.org 561
[7]Habeeb g.a., mahmud h.b.(2010):Study on properties of rice husk ash and its use as
Cementreplacement material. Material research print version issn 1516-1439
mat.res.vol.13 no.2 sao carlos apr./ june 2010
[8]Kondraivendhan b.(2012):Strength and flow behaviour of rice husk ash blended
Cement paste and mortar. Asion journal of civil engineering (bhrc)vol.14,no.3(2013)pp
405-416

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[9] Kosmatka, steven h.;kerkhoff, beatrix;and panarees, william c.(2003):Design and

control of concrete mixtures .eb001, 14th edition, portland Cement association, skokie,
lllinois, usa
[10] Naveen s.b, antil (2015):Effect of rice husk on compressive strength of concrete.
International journal on emerging technologies (2015 )issn no. (print): 0975-8364
[11] Abhilash, c.k.singh, arbind kumar sharma , Study of the properties of concrete by
partial replacement of ordinary portland Cement by rice husk ash, international journal of
earth sciences and engineering, issn 0974-5904, volume 04, no 06 spl, , pp. 965-968,
october 2011
[12] B.Oyetola and m. Abdullahi, The use of rice husk ash in low - cost sand concrete
block production, federal university of miami, june 2006. is 456 (2000). Plain and
reinforced concrete - code of practice. Bureau of indian standard, new delhi. [4] shetty
m.s.: concrete technology, sixth edition, 2005 s. Chand and company ltd. New delhi
[13]Hallingberg, b., turley, r., segrott, j., Weight, d., craig, p., moore, l., & moore, g.
(2018). Exploratory studies to decide whether and how to proceed with full-scale
evaluations of public health interventions: a systematic review of guidance. Pilot and
feasibility studies, 4(1), 1-12.
[14]Jatoi, m. A., solangi, g. S., shaikh, f. A., & rajput, s. (2019). Effect of lakhra fly ash
as partial replacement of Cement in traditional concrete. Mehran university research
journal of engineering & technology, 38(4), 1045-1056
[15]Krishna, n. K., sandeep, s., & mini, k. M. (2016). Study on concrete with partial
replacement of Cement by rice husk ash. Iop conference series: materials science and
engineering, 149(1), 012109.
[16]Krishna, r., chaudhary, m., & sen, a. (2015). Effect of partial replacement of Cement
by rice husk ash in concrete. International journal of science and research, 4(5), 1572-
1574.
[17]Kundu, s., aggarwal, a., mazumdar, s., & dutt, k. B. (2016). Stabilization
characteristics of copper mine tailings through its utilization as a partial substitute for
Cement in concrete: preliminary investigations. Environmental earth sciences, 75(3), 227.
[18]H. T., & ludwig, (2016). Effect of rice husk ash and other mineral admixtures on
properties of selfcompacting high-performance concrete. Materials & design, 89, 156-
166. Map of zambia showing rice

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growing area and provinces as discussed under the background. Retrieved from
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/7704674487257- 82191 mo, k. H., alengaram,
[19]U. J., & jumaat, m. Z. (2015). Utilization of ground granulated blast furnace slag as
partial Cementreplacement in lightweight oil palm shell concrete. Materials and
structures, 48(8), 2545-2556.
[20]Muhit, i. B., ahmed, s. S., amin, m. M., & raihan, m. T. (2013). Effects of silica fume
and fly ash as partial replacement of Cement on water permeability and strength of high-
performance concrete. In 4th international conference on advances in civil engineering,
aetace, association of civil and environmental engineers.
[21] Muleya, f. (2000). Quality management in construction. Thesis. Zambia: copperbelt
university. [
[22]Muleya, f., & nwaubani, s. (2018). Sustainable partial Cement and water
replacement in concrete using pfa and super plasticiser. Case studies journal, 5(5), 34- 40.
[23] Muleya, f., mulenga, b., zulu, s. L., nwaubani, s., tembo, c. K., & mushota, h.
(2021). Investigating the suitability and cost-benefit of copper tailings as partial
replacement of sand in concrete in zambia:
Extra
Review of Literatures The literatures regarding the potential uses of rice husk as one of
the suitable aggregates for concrete have been reviewed and are presented below.
(24)Mehta and Pirth (2000) Investigated the use of R.H.A (Rice Husk Ash) to reduce
temperature in high strength mass concrete and concluded that R.H.A is very effective in
reducing temperature of mass concrete compared to OPC concrete.R.H.A which is an
agricultural by-product has been reported to be a good pozzolanic material by numerous
researchers.R.H.A is obtained after burning of rice husk at a very high temperature
(25) Malhotra and Mehta (2004) Reported that ground R.H.A with fine particle size
than OPC improves concrete properties,including higher substitution amounts in lower
water absorption values and the addition of R.H.A caused an increment in the compressive
strength.

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4. MATERIAL USED
4.1 Rice husk ash(R.H.A):
Rice husk ash was blazed for roughly 72hours in air in an uncontrolled burning method.
The temperature was within the scope of 400-600 oC.The powder collected was sieved
through bs standard sieve size 75µm and its shading was dim.
Rice husk may be a rural deposit that represents 20% of the 649.7 million a lot of rice
created each year round the world. The delivered somewhat blazed husk from the process
plants once used as a fuel likewise adds to contamination and endeavors are being created
to defeat this natural issue by using this material as a supplementary establishing
material2. The artificial arrangement of rice husk is found to vary beginning with one
specimens then onto successive attributable to the distinctions within the reasonably
paddy, harvest year, atmosphere and geologic conditions. Smoldering the husk beneath
controlled temperature beneath 800 °c will deliver fiery remains with silica primarily in
shapeless structure. He expressed that the specimens blazed at 500 or 700 °c and
smoldered for over 12 hours delivered fiery junk with high reactivity with no noteworthy
measure of crystalline material. The short blazing spans (15 - 360 minutes) caused high
carbon content for the created R.H.A even with high burning temperatures of 500 to 700
°c. A best in class report on rice husk fiery debris (R.H.A) was distributed by mehta in
1992, and contains a survey of physical and compound properties of R.H.A, the impact
of combustion conditions on the pozzolanic qualities of the clinker, and a rundown of the
exploration discoveries from a number of nations on the use of R.H.A as a supplementary
establishing pozzolanic material.
4.2Cement:
Cement is the main constituent of concrete. It can be defined as a material having adhesive
and cohesive properties which make it capable of bonding mineral fragments into a
compact mass.the main ingredient of Cement production is lime stone.world consumption
of Cement is forecast to increase throughout the next 15 years taking the annual volume
up from 2005. According to the global Cement to 2021 world production and consumption
of Cement is high and a continuation of the annual underlying expansion which has seen
year on year growth in almost ever year since the 1970 . Due to increase in population
and lack of incredients of Cement there is a some demend in the Cement manufacturing.

4.3.1 Fine aggregates:

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The aggregates used from locally available sites.The sand that was used for the
research work was obtained locally that fulfills the requirement provided by indian
standard 383 1970.the purity of the sand was analyzed glancing the code provided by
indian standard. Fine aggregates having specific gravity-2.67, fineness modulus2.67 and
water absorption-0.6% were used during whole research work.

4.3.2 Coarse aggregates:

The aggregates that are used for this research work are taken from the locally available
natural rocks that are getting retained on 4.75micron sieve after being crushed. These
granite passes the requirement provided by indian standard 383 1970.having Specific
Gravity-2.84, Fineness Modulus-7.94, Water Absorption-0.6% and Aggregate Impact
Value-11.74%.

4.4 Water:
The water that is used for the research work was obtained locally that fulfill the
requirement provided by Indian Standard. The water was clean and free from any visible
impurities. Water is being supplied partially deliberating the proportionate ratio potable
water, clean and without having any visible impurities.

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5. PROPERTIES OF R.H.A

5.1Physical Properties of R.H.A.

PROPERTYVALUE
Appearance Very fine powder
Colour Gray
Mineralogy Non-crystalline
Odour Odourless
Specific gravity 2.3

5.2Chemical Composition of R.H.A

COMPOUNDPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
Calcium oxide (Cao) 2.2
Silicon oxides (SiO2) 86.94
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 0.2
Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 0.1
Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.6
Sodium oxide (Na2O) 0.8
Potassium oxide (K2O) 2.3

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6.EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
6.1 Proportioning
The standard proportion according to IS:456-2000, for M20 grade Concrete is 1:1.5:3.
Concrete is supplanted with R.H.A at different rates for example 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%,&8%.
The measure of every fixing utilized per cubic meter is as follows:
Cement = 363.498 kg;
Fine Aggregate = 683.812 kg;
Coarse Aggregate = 1329.614 kg

6.2 Casting of Specimen

 Clean the moulds and apply oil on inner sides of moulds.
 Fill the concrete mix in 3 layers and tamping is done for each layer
 Tamping is done by using tamping rod and 25 blows is applied.
 Level the top surface and smoothen it with a trowel.

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6.3 Curing
The sample specimens are set apart inside 2 to 3 hours of casting and are kept in vibration
free place. After this period, the specimens are put in submerged condition in fresh water
in a tank. The duration of curing of sample is according to their schedule of testing.

6.4 Testing of samples

Compressive strength test
The Code followed for testing IS: 516 – 1959. The Concrete cubes are casted of size
150mm ×150mm × 150mm. These samples are tested in CTM (CompressionTesting
Machine) of capacity 2000KN. The compressive strength test is performed at 7 days and
28 days.

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Split Tensile Strength Test :

Split Tensile test this test is an indirect method for finding Tensile Strength of Concrete. The
cylinder Diameter is 150mm and Height 300mm is casted and afterward tested at 7 days and 28
days.

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7. MIX PROPORTIONS

The design mix proportions for M20 grade concrete obtained as per ratio 1:1.5:3, designed
in accordance with IS: 456 – 2000 for various partial additions of percentages of Cement
content is given below in following table:

Table 1: Total Quantity of 20 Cubes

S.No Material Quantity
1 Cement 27.2 kgs
2 Fine Aggregate 45.4 kgs
3 Coarse Aggregate 102 kgs
4 Rice Husk Ash 1.089 kgs
5 Water 14.96 lit

Table 2: Total Quantity of 20 Cylinders

S. No Material Quantity
1 Cement 42.8 kgs
2 Fine Aggregate 71.2 kgs
3 Coarse Aggregate 160.2 kgs
4 Rice Husk Ash 1.713 kgs
5 Water 23.54 lit

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Table 3: Total Quantity of 20 Specimen (10 Cylinders + 10 Cubes) for 7 days

S.No Material Quantity

1 Cement 35 kgs
2 Fine Aggregate 58.3 kgs
3 Coarse Aggregate 131.1 kgs
4 Rice Husk Ash 1.401 kgs
5 Water 19.25 lit

Table 4: Total Quantity of 20 Specimen (10 Cylinders + 10 Cubes) for 28 days

S.No Material Quantity

1 Cement 35 kgs
2 Fine Aggregate 58.3 kgs
3 Coarse Aggregate 131.1 kgs
4 Rice Husk Ash 1.401 kgs
5 Water 19.25 lit

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8.TESTS ON MATERIALS

8.1. Tests On Cement

8.2. Tests On Fine Aggregate
8.3. Tests On Coarse Aggregate

8.1.TESTS ON CEMENT
8.1.1 Fineness Of Cement
8.1.2 Normal Consistency of Cement
8.1.3 Initial and Final Setting Time Of Cement

8.1.1 FINENESS OF CEMENT

Finer Cement offers a greater surface area for hydration and hence faster the
development of strength. The fineness of grinding has increased over the years. The
disadvantages of fine grinding is that it is susceptible to air-set and early deterioration.

● Take 100 gm of Cement sample and note its weight as W1.

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● After that take weight of the retained residual Cement which left on the 90 μm sieve as
W2.
● Fineness test for Cement formula is (W2/W1) ×100
RESULT: -
Fineness of given sample =8%

Average =8.33

8.1.2 NORMAL CONSISTENCY AT CEMENT

The quantity of water is required to produce Cement paste is known as normal consistency
of Cement. For finding out initial setting time, final setting time and soundness of Cement
and strength, a Cement paste off standard consistency consistence has to be used. It is
therefore necessary to determine for any given Cement the water content of the paste
which will produce the desired consistency. The penetration depth is 33-35mm from the
top.

1. Prepare a paste with 26% of the water added to Cement. Start a stopwatch at the time
of adding water to Cement.
2. Penetration of plunger 5 to 7mm.

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3.Express the water required as percentage by weight of the dry Cement.

RESULT: - Normal consistency for given sample of Cement is = 26%

8.1.3 INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT

For convenience, Initial setting time is regarded as the time elapsed between the moment
that the water is added to the Cement, to the time that the paste starts loosing its plasticity.
The Final setting time is the time elapsed between the moment the water is added to the
Cement, and the time when the paste has completely lost its plasticity.

1.0.85P of water by weight of Cement.

2. Gauge time is kept between 3 to 5 minutes. Start the stop watch at the instant when the
water is added to the Cement. Record this time (T1).
3. check the needle after every 2 minutes till the needle fails to pierce the block for about
5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould. Note this time (T2).
4. The test results shows the 5mm penetration at 15 to 20 minutes.

Result:
Initial setting time for given sample of Cement =30min
Approx Final setting time for given sample =10hrs

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8.1 TESTS ON FINE AGGREGATE

8.1.1 Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate
8.1.2 Bulking Of Sand
8.1.3 Fineness Modulus of Fine Aggregate

8.2.1SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE

The ratio of the weight of given volume of aggregates to the weight of equal volume of
water. The specific gravity of sands is considered to be around 2.5-3.0.

1. Weight the empty measuring jar of 1000 ml capacity (W1).

2. Take the weight of empty measuring jar with 150 ml of fine aggregate (W2).
3. Take the weight of empty measuring jar with 150 ml of fine aggregate and 100ml of
water(W3).
4. Remove the mix of fine aggregate and water from bottle and fill it with water up to
volume V3 then weight it (W4).
Specific gravity = weight of solids/ volume of solids
=W2-W1/(W4-W1) - (W3-W2)
= 1.393-0.611/(1.493-0.611)-(1.992-1.393)
= 2.76%
RESULT: specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2.76%
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8.2.2 BULKING OF SAND

The increase in the volume of sand due to increase in moisture content is known as
Bulking of sand. A film of the water created around the sand particles which focus the
particles to get a side from each other and thus the volume is increased.

 Fill it with loose dry sand up to 250ml without tamping at any stage of filling(V1).
 Repeat the procedure for moisture content of2%, 4%,6%,8% etc. and note Down the
readings.
 Volume of wet loose sand (V2).

Bulking of sand=v2-v1/v1×100
Result: The maximum bulking of the given sand is=20 at 6% of moisture

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8.2.3 FINENESS MODULUS OF FINE AGGREGATE

The fineness modulus is the sum of the cumulative percentages retained on each sieve,
from the 150µm sieve up to the largest sieve used, divided by 100.

 Arrange the sieves in order of NO;480,240,120,60,30 and 15 keeping sieve 480 at top and
15 at bottom.

Fineness Modulus: Sum of cumulative percentage weight retained/100.

= 330.1/100
= 3.314
Result: The fineness modulus of given fine aggregate = 3.314

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8.2 TESTS ON COARSE AGGREGATE

8.2.1 Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate

8.2.2 Water Absorption

8.3.1 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE

The ratio of the weight of given volume of aggregates to the weight of equal volume of
water. The specific gravity of sands is considered to be around 2.5-3.0.
 Weight the empty measuring jar of 1000 ml capacity (W1).
 Take the weight of empty measuring jar with 150 ml of coarse aggregate (W2).
 Take the weight of empty measuring jar with 150 ml of coarse aggregate and 100ml of
water(W3).
 Remove the mix of coarse aggregate and water from bottle and fill it with water up to
volume V3 then weight it (W4).

Specific Gravity = Weight of solids/ volume of solids

=W2-W1/(W4-W1) - (W3-W2)
= 1.170-0.620/ (1.350-0.620)- (1.710-1.170)
RESULT: - Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate= 2.89

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8.3.2 WATER ABSORPTION

The water is absorbed by the aggregates or stones in their pores known as water
absorption. Usually, water absorption given an idea about the strength of the aggregates.
The water absorption of coarse aggregate ranges from 10 to 20%.

Water absorption of coarser aggregate=A-B/B×100

=2.037 – 1.99 / 1.99 *100
= 2.36 %

Result: The water absorption of Coarse Aggregate is 2.36 %.

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9. RESULTS

The test data and results obtained from the tests conducted in the present investigation
consisting of 40 specimens (20 Cubes + 20 Cylinders) have been presented in tables and
discussed in the chapter.The compressive strength and split tensile strengths are carried
out in the present investigation.The results of 7 days curing strengths are compared with
28 days curing strength.Graphs of compressive strength and split tensile strength have
been represented in this project.

Procedure: Compressive Strength Test of Concrete Cubes

For cube tests cubical moulds of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm are commonly used.This
concrete is poured in the mould and appropriately tampered so as not to have any voids.
After 24 hours, moulds are removed, and test specimens are put in water for curing. The
top surface of these specimens should be made even and smooth. This is done by placing
Cement paste and spreading smoothly on the whole area of the specimens.
These specimens are tested by compression testing machine after 7 days curing and 28
days curing. Load should be applied gradually till the specimens fails. Load at the failure
divided by area of specimens gives the compressive strength of concrete.

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Table 5: Compressive Strengthof 7 days Curing

Percentage of R.H.A Compressive Strength
(%)
S.No (N/mm2)
1 0 14.5
2 2 14.67
3 4 14.7
4 6 15.1
5 8 14.0

Y-Values
20

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8

Graph: Compressive Strength of 7 days Curing

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 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL ADDITION OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

Table 6: Compressive Strength of28 days Curing

Percentage of R.H.A (%) Compressive Strength
S.No (N/mm2)
1 0 23
2 2 23.56
3 4 24.1
4 6 25.5
5 8 22

Y-Values
27

24

21
0 2 4 6 8

Graph: Compressive Strength of28 days Curing

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 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL ADDITION OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

Procedure: Split Tensile Strength test of Concrete Cylinders.

For Cylinder test specimens of 150mm diameter and 300mm hieght depending upon the
size of aggregate are used.
This concrete is poured in the mould and appropriately tempered so as not to have any
voids. After 24 hours, moulds are removed, and test specimens are put in water for curing.
The top surface of these specimens should be made even and smooth. This is done by
placing Cement paste and spreading smoothly on the whole area of the specimens.

These specimens are tested by Compression Testing Machine after 7 days Curing or 28
days Curing. Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140 kg/cm2 per minute till
the specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area of specimens gives the
compressive strength of concrete.

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 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL ADDITION OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

Table 7: Split Tensile Strength of 7 days Curing

Percentage of R.H.A (%) Split Tensile Strength
S.No (N/mm2)
1 0 1.62
2 2 1.72
3 4 2.44
4 6 2.79
5 8 2.64

Y-Values
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8

Graph: Split Tensile Strength of 7 days Curing

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 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL ADDITION OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

Table 8: Split Tensile Strength of 28 days Curing

Percentage of R.H.A Split Tensile Strength

(%)
S.No (N/mm2)
1 0 1.94
2 2 2.18
3 4 2.87
4 6 3.0
5 8 2.95

Y-Values
3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8

Graph : Split Tensile Test Strength at 28 days

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 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL ADDITION OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

10.CONCLUSION
By using this rice husk ash in concrete, the emission of greenhouse gases can be decreased
to a greater extent. As a result there is greater possibility to gain more member of carbon
credits. R.H.A based sand Cement block can significantly reduce room temperature.
Hence air conditioner operation is reduce resulting in electric energy.The Compressive
strength of conventional concrete at 28 days is 23 MPa and Compressive Strength of
R.H.A concrete at 6% is 25.5 MPaand Split Tensile Strength of conventional concrete at
28 days is 1.94 MPa and Split Tensile Strength of R.H.A concrete at 6% is 3.0 MPa and
if mix go beyond this for further addition in Percentage of Cement we will see decrease
in strength of concrete.
1. From test results, it is found that the higher Compressive Strength and Split Tensile
Strength is attained compared to conventional concrete.
2. There is strength reduction with the addition of R.H.A due to the impurities present in
R.H.A like free lime, Alumina and other raw minerals.
3. However, strength achieved is highest when 6% R.H.A is added with Cement at 7 days
and 28 days.
4. When the R.H.A addition is greater than 6% for 7 days and 28 days, the strength
produced by the concrete gets reduced than the target strength.

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