Empowerment Technology

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Allow people and organizations to create, access, retrieve, send, process, share, and
exchange information.
It deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile phones,
Internet and etc. to locate, save, send, and edit information
ICT originated from the creation of the first computers, which were made to compute and
solve problems involving vast amounts of data such as the census.

Various Fields:

1. Economics “ICT HAS CHANGED HOW PEOPLE INTERACT, AND WORK”

2. Education
3. Government
4. Health
5. Science
6. Research

Computer– an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
Internet– is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet
protocol suite (TCIP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide.

ICT Tools and Resources

1. Mobile Technology- According to IBM, mobile technology is a technology that “goes

wherever the user goes”. It is portable and can do two-way communication to another
device using a network. Mobile computing through wireless device, such as smartphones,
tablets, and smart watches
Storing and sending information using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
E-commerce, buying and selling of products or services through internet
Locating places and people using the Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite
navigation system in determining the ground position of an object
Improving health and fitness using various fitness tracking applications
Managing time and automating task using an Intelligent Virtual Assistant (IVA)

2. Social Media- This refers to websites and software applications that allow users to share
information and content such as photos, videos, music, events, and opinions to a virtual
community in real time.

Types of Social Media

Social Networking Sites (SNS)- Through SNS, users can create content, and share and
react on it. (Facebook, Twitter, Linked In, YouTube, Instagram).
Social Bookmarking Sites (SBS)- these sites provide users the capability to search,
organize, and save web contents, such as articles, photos, and videos, based on specific
areas of interest for sharing. (Pinterest).
Social Review Sites (SRS)- Review sites are websites where people can post their reviews
about business, products, or services. As they can see where they failed to meet
customer needs when the customer post negative or neutral reviews. (TripAdvisor,
Glassdoor, and Consumer Reports).
Media Sharing Platforms- These are websites that can be used by people for storing and
sharing various types of media. Media sharing platforms could be a photo sharing site
(Flickr), video sharing site (YouTube), music streaming (Apple Music, Spotify, Sound
Cloud), or cloud storage (Dropbox, Google Drive).

Blogging: (2 Specific Forms)

Microblogging
Vlogging

Microblogging- is a fused idea of blogging and instant messaging allowing users to compose
short messages to be posted online. (Tweet is limited to only 280 characters).
Vlogging- is a video blog, where the medium is a video.

Assistive Technology- is a software program or a product system that is intended to help

people with disabilities.

Text to Speech- It is the ability of a computer or device to speak based on a text for
visually impaired people.
Speech to Text- Also known as dictation, it is the capability to turn speech into text.
Screen Zoom- For visually impaired users, they can magnify certain parts of the screen
using keyboard shortcuts.
Display Enhancements- With this tool, inverting colors and adjusting contrast are
possible for users with limited or impaired vision.

Artificial Intelligent (AI)- This refer to the simulation of human intelligence that is
programmed to machines that give them the capability to think and act like humans. Its
ability to rationalize and decide to achieve a specific goal. Example Intelligent Virtual
Assistant (IVA), such as Siri and Alexa, self-driving cars, and facial recognition.

Technological Convergence- These are technologies that are products of combining two or
more distinct technologies. Example: Smartphone, which is combination of a telephone,
camera, digital assistant, and music player in a single device.

World Wide Web (WWW)

The internet is an interconnection of ICT devices and computer networks around the globe.
Using this vast information superhighway is the World Wide Web (simply known as the Web),
which is a database of information and composed of billions of webpages created by people
and companies all over the world.

Web Browser- this is a software program to access contents on the web.

Web Page- is a document that is written using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) you will
need to enter a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) address in the web browser.

Website- a group of webpages

Different Types of Web Technology

1. Web 1.0- also known as a static or stationary webpage. This type of webpage appears
exactly as they are stored on the web server. Users cannot interact or modify the content
of the webpage.
2. Web 2.0- also called as a dynamic webpage. (Comment, Create user account) The content
of this webpage changes every time even without reloading the page. The information
displayed to a user is different from others. SNS, Blogs, Wiki’s, Video Sharing Sites.
3. Web 3.0- also called as a semantic webpage. This is a type of webpage where machines
will process data and information in a humanlike way.

Online Safety, Security and Ethics

Cybercrime
Cyber libel
Online Scam
Anti photo and video voyeurism
Computer related identity theft
Threat

Netiquette- To avoid harmful effects of internet use, a user should demonstrate proper and
good behavior online. Is network etiquette, the do’s and don’ts of online communication.
Internet Safety- it refers to the online security or safety of people and their information when
using internet.

General Rule “RESPECT OTHERS”

1. Use respectful language

2. Do not disclose personal identifiable information online
3. Do not plagiarize
4. Be careful in opening emails and attachments from unknown resources
 5. Report cases of bullying, harassments, and any illegal online activities to proper
authorities
6. Whatever you post online will stay online permanently
7. Do not talk to strangers
8. Respect’s other privacy
9. Acknowledge and respect others’ belief, culture, race, and appearance
10. Use information only from credible and reliable sources
11. When buying a product or subscribing to a service online, make sure that the
transaction is safe and secured

Malware or malicious software- programs designed to harm your computer and make it
vulnerable to attack.

Types of Malware:

1. Worms- Malware that take advantage of software vulnerabilities, also known as glitches
or flaws in software.
Modify and erase files
Put other types of malware into the computer
Replicate themselves and eventually corrupt the system
Sneak and steal your personal data (phishing)
Make an easy way for hackers to penetrate your system
2. Computer Viruses- Unlike worms, they penetrate an infected system. These are
commonly obtained from executable files and those that are downloaded from unknown
sources. A computer virus functions as if it were a true virus; it replicates and
disseminates itself in the system.
3. Trojan Horses- Types of malware that appear to be beneficial to your system, oftentimes
in a form of advertisement, but once they are installed, they will harm your computer.
Make sure that the applications you are installing into your computer are from legitimate
sources.
4. Ransomware- This hides and restricts access to your files, and your files can only be
reverted in exchange of a payment. (MUBR)
5. Adware- Most common known malware types. It oftentimes appears as pop-ups and
contains an advertisement that has no relevance. (Online games, or unsecured websites)
6. Spyware- It is a type of malware that is commonly acquired through unverified free
applications. Spyware runs in the background unknowingly and sneaks into your activity
and personal data and confidential information such as usernames and passwords.

ICT for Research

ICT can be both beneficial and harmful.

Research- is the systematic way of gathering and examining information to establish facts
and create new knowledge. Critical thinking is one of the qualities that a research must have.

Electronic resources (e-resources)- are digital materials that can be accessed electronically
or by using a computer or another device. Example of electronic resources are online
research journals, electronic books (e-books), and webpages.

Criteria that you need to know in evaluating resources:

Purpose and intended audience- resources are published with a clear purpose, such as
to provide information or to raise awareness about a specific subject.
Authority- refers to the credibility of the authors- their research experience and
expertise.
Accuracy- this pertains to the correctness of the content in a resource. The content
should be well researched and presented. It should not contain factual errors.
Currency- a good resource should contain information that is up to date. To determine
the currency and timeliness of the resource for books and articles, check the publication
dates; for websites, determine the creation date or the date when they were last
updated.
Objectivity- a resource should not contain opinions but facts. Information presented
should also be unbiased.
Google Scholar

Productivity- is one of the skills essential to the 21st century.

Mail Merge- when you need to create a bulk documents, such as certificates, invitations,
letters, and emails, for a number of recipients, it will be time consuming if you will do this
manually or one by one. Mail merge will help you automatically fill out information for these
documents to make efficient use of your time.

Data Source- this is the list of recipients that you want to include in your document.
Document- this is the file that will be sent to the recipients. There are 3 types of
documents that you need to select for distribution 1. letters 2. email 3. envelopes.
Placeholder- also called as “Merge Fields”. Placeholders mark the place of the data from
the source on the document.

Increasing Productivity through ICT

Microsoft Excel- is a tool that can be used to calculate and organize data. It has numerous
functionalities that are widely used in companies and organizations.

1. Rows- horizontal lines (pahiga)

2. Cell
3. Columns- vertical lines (patayo)

Formula- is a set of mathematical instructions that can be used in Excel to perform

calculations. It always start with an equal sign (=)

plus sign for addition (+), a minus sign for subtraction (-), an asterisk for multiplication (*), a
forward slash for division (/), and a caret (^) for exponents.

Ex. =A1 + A2 or B1-C3

Average: =SUM(A1:A9)/9

Sum: =SUM(C2:C4)

=AVERAGEIF(B2:C11, “Student”, C2:C11)

Definition

Range- this refers to the actual group of cells where you want to apply the criteria.,
Criteria- this identifies which cells to average
Average range- this is the group of cells where the values to be averaged are located.

Imaging and Design for the Online Environment

Examples: Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Bing

Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout

1. Graphic Design it is the art of arranging or combining text, images, and other items to
make a visually appealing arrangement.
2. Layout it is the arrangement of components and items on a page.
3. Balance this refers to the even distribution of visual weight of the objects or items,
texture, colors, and space on the screen.
4. Emphasis an area on the page that appears different in size, texture, shape or color to
highlight the specific purpose or intention of the page.
Ex. Google is an example of balance and emphasis
5. Movement elements that guide the viewer’s eyes on the image.

Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm

1. Pattern is a combination of elements or items repeated in a recurring and regular

sequence.
2. Repetition refers to one item or shape repeated
3. Rhythm is achieved when visual elements create a sense of organized movement.
4. Proportion this is achieved when items, objects, and elements relate well with one
another.

Principles of Visual Message Design Using Infographics

Infographics are ways of presenting data and information using visual tools.
 Piktochart offers comprehensive interface and easy to use tool for creating infographics.

Online Images File Formats

Image File Formats may be distinguished by extension names:

.jpeg
.gif
.tiff
.png

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1. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)

.jpg or .jpeg
24 bit color with up to 16 million colors
Most accepted image format
Cannot be animated and does not support transparency
2. Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
.gif
Can support transparency, can do small animation effects
Great for images with limited colors
Only support 256 colors
3. Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
.tiff
Supports several types of compression like JPEG,LZW,ZIP
High quality image format
Very large file size- long transfer time, huge disk space consumption, and slow loading
time
4. Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
.png
Does not lose quality's and detail after image compression creates smaller file sizes than
GIF
Generates a very large file
Cannot be animated
Not supported by all web browser

Principles and Basic Techniques of Image Manipulation

Tips that will help you to edit the right image

1. Choose the right file format

2. Choose the right image size
3. Caption it

Basic Image Manipulation Using GIMP Software

GIMP- GNU Image Manipulation Program it is an open source software. It is suitable for a
variety of image manipulation tasks, including photo retouching, image composition, and
image construction.

> Changing the size of an Image

Basic Image Manipulation

>Crop an Image

Cropping is the process of trimming the image down to a smaller region than the original
image.

> Rotate and Flip an Image

Image-------------------Transform

Two options of transform menu

1. Flip horizontally
2. Flip Vertically