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+PRELIMINARIES

Title Page

H20’CLOCK: CUSTOMIZABLE AUTOMATED SCHEDULE WATER

DISPENSER

A Research Project

Presented to the

Faculty of the Senior High School

Our Lady of Fatima University

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Strand

by

Carpio, Daniel C.

Cordero, Jimson Roy E.

Panganiban, Zerwin Andre G.

Grande Eric M.

January 2020
Certificate of Originality

This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in

this thesis, that the original work is my own except as specified in ack

nowledgments or in footnotes, and that neither the thesis nor the origi

nal work contained therein has been submitted to this or any other in

stitution for a degree.

Daniel C. Carpio
Researcher

Jimson Roy E. Cordero


Researcher

Zerwin Andre G. Panganiban


Researcher

Eric M. Grande
Researcher

Attested by:

Eliseo D. Francisco, Jr.


Research Adviser

September 28, 2019


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Acknowledgements

The researcher has endeavored so much to make this project a s

uccess. We wish to extend their sincere gratitude and appreciation for

giving precious contributions towards the completion of this research.

We would like to thank our research teacher, Engr. Eliseo Franc

isco, for pointing out our mistakes and tackling potential problems tha

t might affect and diminish the quality of our work.

To our loving parents, for their moral and financial support and

providing spaces on our homes to work this study with.

To the university’s head engineer, Engr. Joel Paz, for letting us k

now his opinions and views about our study which can help us to mak

e this study better.

To the university librarians for allowing us to make use of the re

ferences to deepen our understanding and interpretation on our topic,

effects of modernizing classrooms, which made us finish this research

work.

And most especially to God, for giving us the guidance and know

ledge as well as good health in constructing this research work.

To God be the glory.


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY ii

valuable comments on this Capstone

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES ......................................................................... 1

Title Page ....................................................................................... 1

valuable comments on this Capstone ............................................. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................... ii

List of Appendices.......................................................................... iv

CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................ 5

The Problem and Its Background ................................................ 5

Introduction .................................................................................. 5

Background of the Study ............................................................... 8

Statement of the Problem ............................................................. 9

General Problem ............................................................................................ 10

Specific Problem ............................................................................................ 11

Objectives of the Study ................................................................ 11

Scope .......................................................................................... 11

Significance of the Study ............................................................. 12

Definition of Terms ...................................................................... 13

List of Acronyms .......................................................................... 13


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CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................. 15

Review of Related Literature and Studies ................................. 15

Technical Background ................................................................. 15

Related Literature ........................................................................ 15

CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................. 33

APPENDICES ............................................................................ 47
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List of Appendices

APPENDICES ............................................................................ 47

APPENDIX A ................................................................................ 48

Gantt chart of Activities .............................................................................. 48

APPENDIX B ................................................................................ 49

CMO No. 53 s2006 ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 5

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

Water is vital for life. Prevention of dehydration has been the major

key for the primeval species that once ventured from the ocean to live on

land. The critical adaptations cross an array of species, including man.

Man is very dependent with water. Without water, humans can survive

only for days. Water comprises from 75% body weight in infants to 55%

in elderly and is essential for cellular homeostasis and life. Nevertheless

there are many unanswered questions about this most essential

component of our body and our diet.

Adequate water intake has health benefits and is essential for preventing

dehydration; dehydration is associated with adverse health effects such

as headache, urolithiasis, and impaired cognition. Health risks (e.g.,

dental caries, obesity) associated with intake of high levels of calorically

sweetened beverages (e.g., regular soda, fruit drinks, sports drinks)

decrease when plain drinking water is substituted for these beverages.

Water consumption before meals and the replacement of calorically


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 6

sweetened beverages with water are associated with lower energy intake,

and increased plain water intake among adults is associated with

significant weight maintenance. Forgetting to drink a glass of water after

eating or before going to sleep is a common scenario. Since lots of

beverages out there have more usage and substitutes water, drinking

water regularly is now not a big deal contradicting the fact that water is

very important.

H2O’clock is programed to remind its user to drink water as a healthful

means of hydration, this project bringing this message to communities.

Getting enough water every day is important for your health. Aiming to

provide a user-friendly feature which reminds and let the user drink

enough water in set of customizable periods of time. Along with its alarm

clock design and function there is an accompaniment of water dispensing

function. A glass of water will be served every certain period of time, when

it alarms, aiding the owner’s sense of dehydration.

According to 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination

Survey (NHANES) data, mean plain water intake among US adults (aged

≥20 years) was 4.4 cups for men and 4.3 cups for women. Little research

has been conducted on the association of individual water consumption


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 7

practices with diet and meal patterns. Although water intake has been

associated with individual factors (eg, physical activity, age), little is

known about how water intake is related to other food- and health-

related behaviors and attitudes. A comprehensive understanding of how

these factors are related to water intake may help identify populations

and associated attitudes and behaviors amenable to intervention. For

example, clinical or public health messages about water intake could be

bundled with messages about associated health behaviors. The purposes

of our study were to use a data set with varied information on behaviors

and attitudes to quantify daily drinking water intake, to identify

sociodemographic and health characteristics associated with low water

intake, and to describe the association of food- and health-related

behaviors and attitudes with low drinking water intake.

Water is life. Fresh water is the major key and necessary for the survival

of all living organisms on Earth. Human’s body comprises about 60%

water and we cannot survive more than a few days without it. Water is a

precious substance that meets our physical needs while at the same time

being of great spiritual importance to many people.


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 8

Background of the Study

To prevent dehydration reptiles, birds, vertebrates, and all land a

nimals have evolved an exquisitely sensitive network of physiological co

ntrols to maintain body water and fluid intake by thirst. Humans may d

rink for various reasons, particularly for hedonic ones but most of drink

ing is due to water deficiency which triggers the so called regulatory or ‘

physiological thirst. This brings you the feeling of needing or wanting to

drink water or something. Our daily activities also decide on our liquid i

ntake.

The more active you are the more you get thirsty. The mechanism

of thirst is quite well understood today and the reason non-regulatory d

rinking is often encountered is related to the large capacity of kidneys to

rapidly eliminate excesses of water or reduce urine secretion to tempor

arily economize on water. But this excretory process can only postpone

the necessity for drinking or for stopping drinking an excess of water. N

on regulatory drinking is often confusing, particularly in wealthy societi

es facing highly palatable drinks or fluids that contain other substance

that the drinker seeks. The most common of them are sweeteners or alc

ohol.

Health issues shadowed by beverage consumption are not good


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 9

and should be avoided. Health risks (eg, dental caries, obesity) as

sociated with intake of high levels of calorically sweetened beverages (eg,

regular soda, fruit drinks, sports drinks) decrease when plain drinking

water is substituted for these beverages. But why should we choose wat

er over beverages like soft drinks? It is because water is life; there would

be no life on planet Earth. Without soft drinks, which is toxic to our org

ans, life would still go on, and more people are healthier. H2O'clock will

promote your healthy habit drinking a glass of water and helps you go f

ar from unhealthy beverages.

A summary of previous work Association between Plain Water and

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Total Energy Intake among Mexican S

chool-Age Children said that water consumption promotes a decrease in

total diet energy intake, and one explanation for this fact is the replace

ment of sugar-sweetened beverages by plain water. The objective of this

study was to analyze the association between SSB and PW consumption

as a part of the total energy intake.

Statement of the Problem

Due to this busy life of humans because of their non-ending

search for innovation and improvements on how to make life easier


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 10

or to just have a living through a busy work, it is ironic that

humans forget to drink water regularly. People more often prefer to

drink other beverages than water. These situations lead to some

health issues that some may not have notice the cause. Drinking

water regularly may prevent this according to some research. The

failing capability of human to sense dehydration specially to those

who live in high-altitude places, tropical countries, and old people.

This lacking sense of man is dangerous as water is a vital need of

human body to stay alive. Drinking regularly is important to

maintain balance in our body and to replace body fluids that

leaves the body, but this habit is often forgotten.

General Problem

Lacking of water intake could cause different influences on one’s

quality of work and/or behavior. Some people are having a hard time on

reminding themselves to drink water due to being busy at their life, Being

busy could also cause a person to numb their senses which could explain

some people don’t feel that they’re not drinking enough glasses of water

per day.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 11

Specific Problem

Due to this busy life of humans because of their non-ending search

for innovation and improvements on how to make life easier or to just

have a living through a busy work; it is ironic that humans forget to drink

water regularly. People more often prefer to drink other beverages than

water. These situations lead to some health issues that some may not

have notice the cause.

Objectives of the Study

This research aims to create a device that will help people to

remember to drink their water regularly and also to promote the drinking

of water. This also aims to help people hydrated every day and help

humans to avoid short-term and long-term health issues that are caused

by dehydration. The device will be automated to remind people and can

be customizable for the user's convenience.

Scope

o The focus of the study is to invent is a water container that

alarms on every set of periods to perceive the owner’s sense

of dehydration.

o The construction of the device would take place within the

vicinity of Antipolo City.


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o The prototype can be used as a reminder to stay hydrated

using a timer which will schedule.

o The study attempts to help the needs of students who are

unable to stay hydrated due to being busy from different

agendas.

Limitation

• It delimits that the study may not be suitable for the general

public who does not have access to electricity considering

that H2O clock is battery powered.

• This study has a time frame from year 2019 to 2020 only.

Significance of the Study

Living in today’s world can be tough. Everyone is always busy doing

their thing relating to school, homes, relationship and any other agendas

and happenings in someone’s life. People are so busy that they’re trying

to go to the point where they couldn’t keep track of their state of

hydration which might affect their health. Being hydrated has a lot of its

advantage like helping you to stay in your wit which would definitely help

people go running throughout their day. We, the researchers, are finding

out a way to make people to regularly drink their water to stay hydrated.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 13

Definition of Terms

These are the operational definition utilized in the research. The

following terms are defined to clarify technical definitions:

Account – a token required for access, authentication and

authorization to certain online services

Archive – refers to the repository of electronic data; it may also

refer to action performed by System Administrator to store specific

material in the repository

List of Acronyms

AC - Antipolo Campus

BSIT - Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

CCS - College of Computer Studies

CMS - Course Management System

CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

DFD - Data Flow Diagram

SPSS - Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

SQL - Structured Query Language


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 14
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 15

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This section exhibits the related writing and concentrates after the

inquiry done by the researcher.

Technical Background

The system will be providing the following modules: user

management, group management, deliverables management, activities

management, manuscripts management, file management, grades

management, adviser management and consultation management.

The researcher decided to develop the backend and functionalities

of the system. XAMPP

Related Literature

This literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous

researches on a topic theoretical basis for the research and help readers

determine the nature of this research. This literature review

acknowledges the work of previous researchers, and in so doing, assures

the reader that this work has been well conceived. This can be

categorized either in Foreign or Local Literature.


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 16

According to an article “Should Children Drink More Water?”: The

Effects of Drinking Water on Cognition in Children” there are a lot of

studies about the negative effect of dehydration to the cognition of adults

but little in hydration and cognition in children. The study focused on

the effects of hydration in cognition on children. They investigated the

benefits of drinking water in children’s cognition in class.

To gather data, the researchers made a random control group and

an experimental group of children ages 7-9. They put the children into

different test and gathered data. The experimental group has additional

water given each of children. Then they started to compare the

performance of each group.

After the test, they have found out that the experimental group with

additional water given has a significantly better performance than the

control group. They said that they are also significantly less thirsty. They

performed well in visual attention tasks and spot the difference memory

task.

This study may help students to perform better in school if further

research will be done. The research also serves as a stepping stone to

this new ground of study and may lead in bigger research on this benefit.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 17

This study may help pediatrician to develop and advise a new and

healthier way of living for children and help then excel in school.

The study may be conducted in a greater number of participants

for more accurate results. The tests may include measuring memory

retention of the children and critical thinking decisions. This study may

achieve more through these added conditions to the investigation.

According to an article writer of The Effects of Drinking Water on

Attention, the water in the body has numerous physiological roles: it is

essential for the breathing (oxygen transport to the cells) and metabolism,

digestion (absorption of nutrients), detoxification of the body, regulation

of the body temperature, maintenance of equal osmotic pressure in cells

and extracellular space etc. (Roganovic, 2011). Various studies have

shown that dehydration can lead to decrease of attention, concentration

and other cognitive and motor functions, as well as the feeling of fatigue

and headache. The main purpose of this study was to test if drinking

water affects the student results on the Attention Test.

The problem was addressed by testing whether hydration could

improve scores on Attention test. They propose following null-hypothesis:

H1 - There aren't any significant differences in Attention test scores in

control situation (without hydration) as opposed to experimental


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situation (with hydration). The study included 91 first-year students of

VERN’ University for Applied Sciences, equal ages and both sexes. The

experiment was conducted at two measurement points – in October and

December 2012. As a part of regular, obligatory psychology classes,

during last 15 minutes of a 1.5 hours block.

Previous studies have confirmed positive effects of hydration on

attention and other cognitive functions in a situation of dehydration or

exhaustion. In this study, no statistically significant difference has been

found in the results achieved by the participants in the experimental

situation (with hydration) compared to the control situation (without

hydration). This can be explained by the short duration of the test, i.e.

we can assume that the subjects did not experience any fatigue or

dehydration, to which consumed water could have positive effects. Also,

since all respondents (regardless of whether they were in the control or

experimental situation) at the second measurement had significantly

higher scores than the first, assuming that the used Attention test shows

a strong effect of exercise, which calls into question its application. There

is a small but significant effect of the break, which includes hydration

(and probably earlier consumed water) on the results.


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This test is intended for measurement of visual attention, and was

often applied in professional selection and counseling situations. It

consists of series of small squared characters that distinguish between

themselves by position of one small line. Participants need to count and

write down the exact number of inflicted characters, as fast as they can.

It is also considerable the usage of longer and/or more demanding

Attention tests (or tests of other cognitive functions), and better control

of the previous stage of participants (de)hydration. The results of the

experiment have not confirmed positive effects of hydration on overall

results on the Attention Test. Even though the overall result in the

experimental situation (with hydration) is somewhat better, there is no

statistically significant difference compared to the result obtained in the

controlled situation (with no hydration). Water may to a smaller extent

boost attention during a mental activity. However, these effects are not

instantaneous, but cumulative and are visible only after an activity has

continued for some time.

According to an article writer of Effects of Changes in Water Intake

on Mood of High and Low Drinkers (A. Demazieres, N. Girard, N. Pross,

et al April 11, 2014), there is a growing body of literature showing that

fluid deprivation negatively impacts several mood areas. However most of

these studies were performed in extreme conditions (e.g.: heat, intense


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physical exercise, high level of dehydration) and/or on specific

populations like soldiers or athletes. Consequently, extrapolation of these

study results to a healthy population experiencing only mild changes in

water balance during normal activities of daily living is difficult. Moreover,

in the few studies targeting the general population, the effects of mild

dehydration on mood and sensation have rarely been explored. When

studied, the most consistent effects of mild dehydration on mood are

related to sleep/wake mood impairments (i.e.; increased fatigue and

decreased vigor/activity) and an increase in complaints of headache,

thirst, sleepiness and concentration difficulties.

During baseline HIGH consumed 2.5 L and LOW 1 L of water/day.

During 3 controlled intervention days HIGH's water intake was restricted

to 1 L/day whereas LOW's was increased to 2.5 L water/day. Several

mood scales (Bond & Lader Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Profile of Mood

States, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Thirst & Emotional VAS) were

administered at different time points during the study. ANOVA including

intervention, time point and intervention by time point as fixed effects on

mean values (i.e.; baseline data vs. mean of 3 intervention days) for each

mood scale was performed.


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At baseline HIGH and LOW were comparable in mood state, except

for thirst scores (estimate = 17.16, p<0.001) and POMS depression-

dejection scores (estimate = 0.55, p<0.05) which were both higher in the

HIGH vs. LOW. In HIGH the restricted water intake resulted in a

significant increase in thirst (p<0.001) and a decrease in contentedness

(p<0.05), calmness (p<0.01), positive emotions (p<0.05) and

vigor/activity (p<0.001). In LOW, increased water consumption resulted

in a significant decrease in fatigue/inertia (p<0.001),

confusion/bewilderment (p = 0.05) and thirst (p<0.001) and a trend to

lower sleepiness (p = 0.07) compared to baseline.

The study could benefit other field such as a research tackling the

behavioral changes of a person through various factors. Instead of having

particular people to test on, the future researchers would already have a

background regarding the mood changes which would bring them a huge

boost on their study.

It is also possible for the researchers to conduct possible results

regarding on how different type of drinks can affect the behavior patterns

of a person. They can study about whether the hydration between

different drinks has their differences to our health and our mood, which

then can serve a broader datum and wider knowledge about the factors

that can affect such.


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According to an article writer of Teaching and learning with

Technology: Effectiveness of ICT integration the modernization of

educational system is important (Mittal et al., 2017) When the bottle of

water is inverted and placed into the opening on the top of the water

cooler, the seal of the water bottle is severed or punctured by a part

referred to as the ‘spike’, allowing the water to flow into the water cooler.

Inside the water cooler is a valve that prevents the water from the bottle

flooding the water cooler. The water inside the is fed into a reservoir,

where it is cooled using a refrigerant. A refrigerant is a cooling medium

that is circulated in pipes that are located close to the reservoir in the

water cooler. The refrigerant changes from a liquid to a gas as it moves

in the pipes towards the reservoir because of the pressure in the pipes

created by a compressor inside the water cooler. The cooled gas in the

water pipe is forced through a valve to make it even colder. When the

refrigerant is in a gas form and is circulating in the pipes, it has the

ability to absorb the heat away from the mineral water in the reservoir,

leaving cool and refreshing water that is readily available.

To produce the best solution for improving any product design that

should be able to satisfy the design requirements (i.e., faster, better and

cheaper), there were several stages typically involves the root cause

analysis and idea generation activities. In this paper, product design


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 23

improvement of a water dispenser is demonstrated using Theory of

Inventive Problem-Solving method. The objective of this study was to find

out the design solution which was able to solve the problem of water spill

out that occurred after dispensing water from the dispenser tap.

Function Model and Engineering Contradiction method were used to

model the problem, followed by Contradiction Matrix and 40 Inventive

Principles to generate potential solutions. The design improvement

process based on the method generated new concept design of water

dispenser tap component which was able to eliminate the water spill out

problem, while maintaining the existing dispensing function. In addition,

the new dispenser taps conceptual design also required less component

to operate compared with the existing design, hence, lowering the

product cost.

In this work, the microcontroller for the Automatic Water

Dispenser with feedback, have passed the necessary test with the other

components interfaced to it. With this system is implemented is possible

to monitor the water level in the water tank, switching on the water when

the tanks get empty and switches off the water when the tanks get full,

the water TDS, water temperature, and automatic ejection of water from

the tap this all process is done without any need of human interference.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 24

As already we have seen in the previous section that the microcontroller

is the base of this

The first benefit that we would like to reiterate is the health safety

that a water dispenser brings to the consumer. Some dispensers like

Purikool, works on reducing viruses and bacteria that goes into your tap

water. This ensures that everybody who is drinking your water at home

is always in the pink of health. Water dispensers are created for your

convenience. You don’t have to fill in your water pitcher anymore or make

ice cubes to have an ice-cold water. Just a simple lift, push, or press

enables you to get instant water. Getting a water dispenser saves you a

significant amount of space in your fridge. You don’t have to constantly

fill your water jugs anymore or keep a multiple of them in. Water

dispensers, like Purikool, holds enough amount of water to keep you

hydrated throughout the day.

A water dispenser assembly used for a dispensing system includes

an inlet configured to receive water from a water supply, and a flow meter

in communication with the inlet. The flow meter is configured to measure

an amount of water passing therethrough. A first valve is arranged in

communication with the flow meter, and the first valve is configured to

enable and restrict water flow to an outlet. A controller is operatively

coupled to the flow meter and the first valve. The controller is configured
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 25

to control the dispensing of water based on the measured amount of

water passing through the flow meter and based upon a volume error

factor correction.

According to an article writer of Beverage Consumption of Filipino

Children and Adolescents (7th National Nutrition Survey): Nutritional

Concerns and Potential Policy Implications, survey data from different

countries indicated a growing epidemic of childhood obesity in developed

and urbanized populations (Ebbeling et al. 2002; Lobstein et al. 2004;

Wang and Lobstein 2006) and in developing countries (Wang and

Lobstein 2006; Gupta et al. 2012). In the Philippines where

undernutrition coexists, there is a continued increase in the prevalence

rates of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from 2003 to

2011 (FNRI-DOST 2010; FNRI-DOST 2012). The extent of contribution of

beverage intake to obesity in Filipino children and adolescents is

unknown. The present study determined the amount of beverages

consumed by Filipino children and adolescents and the association of

energy intake from beverages with BMI.

The sampling design of the 2008 NNS was detailed in a separate

publication (FNRI-DOST 2012). At the individual level, food consumption

data was collected using two-day non-consecutive 24-hour food recall by

on-site trained dietary researchers. Respondents were interviewed face-


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 26

to-face using a structured questionnaire and tools, e.g., cups,

tablespoons, rulers, food models and pictures to aid in recall of

description of food items and estimation of amounts consumed.

Participants for this study were categorized into 3 age groups: pre-school

children (6 months to 5 years old), school-aged children (6 to 12 years

old) and adolescents (13 to 19 years old).

Analysis of beverage consumption data from the NNS 2008

demonstrated that beverages contributed a small amount to mean energy

intake of Filipino children and adolescents. The proportion of milk

consumers was high in pre-school children while consumers of sugar

sweetened beverages were high in school-aged children and adolescents.

Findings reflect the timeliness and relevance of action-oriented goals and

public health efforts that will require involvement of parents and

homemakers, school authorities, industry key players and policymakers

towards creating a healthy food environment for Filipino children and

adolescents.

The present study examined the dynamics of beverage

consumption in Filipino children and adolescents utilizing data from the

7th National Nutrition Survey (NNS) conducted in 2008. As to the authors’

knowledge, this is the first study in the Philippines which determined the

extent of energy intake from beverage consumption and their relative


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 27

contribution to average energy intake of children and adolescents.

Association between beverage consumption and BMI in children and

adolescents were also evaluated in view of the rising prevalence of

childhood obesity in the country.

It is also possible to conduct an in-depth study about ways to stop

or ease the consumption of beverages. Since sugary beverages intake is

significantly associated with weight gain and obesity it could spread more

awareness and moderation in its usage. Promoting the regular intake of

water maybe the best way to reduce or avoid the harmful effects of

beverages consumption.

According to an article writer of Public knowledge of dehydration

and fluid intake practices: variation by participants’ characteristics (A.

Alqahtani, R. Alkhodair, H. Assiri et al December 5, 2018) Dehydration

results from a decrease in total body water content either due to less

intake or more fluid loss. Common symptoms of dehydration are dry

mouth/tongue, thirst, headache, and lethargy. The aim of this study was

to assess knowledge of dehydration definition, symptoms, causes,

prevention, water intake recommendations and water intake practices

among people living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 28

A cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaire was

employed. Participants were invited during their visit to shopping malls.

The shopping malls were selected based on geographical location

covering east, west, north and southern part of the city. Self-filled

questionnaires were distributed to 393 participants, using systematic

sampling technique. Variables recorded included demographics, past

medical history, knowledge of dehydration definition, symptoms, causes,

prevention and daily water intake practices. Descriptive statistics were

summarized as mean, standard deviation and proportions. Negative

binomial model was used to identify the predictors of water intake.

Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC,

USA).

Out of 393 participants, 273(70%) were Saudi, 209(53%) were

female, average age was 32.32 ± 8.78 years. Majority 366(93%) had good

knowledge of dehydration definition, 332(84%) for dehydration

prevention, and 293(74%) of water intake recommendation. Top three

recognized dehydration symptoms were: dry lips (87%), thirst (84%), dry

tongue (76%) and recognized dehydration causes were: diarrhea (81%),

sweating (68%) and vomiting (62%). The less recognized symptoms were

fatigue 176(44.78%), lack of focus 171(43.5%), headache/dizziness

160(40.71%), light headedness 117(29.7%), muscle weakness


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 29

98(24.94%), rapid breathing 90(22.9%), and muscle cramps

64(16.28%).The participants had reported an average of 5.39 ± 3.32 water

glasses intake per day. The total volume of water intake was significantly

different between males n = 184 (3.935 ± 2.10 l) and females n = 209

(3.461 ± 2.59 l) (p = 0.046). The participants’ weight status, intake of juice

or tea were the significant predictors of more water intake.

The researchers are able to promote hydration of water to the

readers and other researchers. This also means that another research

topic could come up from this. Other researchers can take research

topics related to their influence just like the advantages of drinking water.

Other researchers could use this study to use the results of it as factors

on their research on or of relating to drinking of water and dehydration.

The self-reported water and fluid intake may have been over or

underestimated. And that said, the conclusions taken might also be

inaccurate. The researchers could have made the participants of the

study drink same amount of water in same periods of time which could

largely affect the results taken from it. Having this said, the future

researchers related to drinking water can now have their participants

intake an exact amount of water on scheduled time.


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 30

Luby et al. (2015) assess the impact of the microbiological quality

of water on childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh and found that E. coli

contamination was associated with increased childhood diarrhea in the

period immediately following testing. This study was conducted only

within the control group of a larger study, so there was no risk of bias

because participants were recipients of an intervention. The timing of

effects also suggests a link from contamination to diarrhea and not the

other way around. This is consistent with other studies which suggest

that reduced contamination leads to less or less severe intestinal diseases

e.g. Gruber et al. show that E. Coli concentrations are positively

correlated with diarrhea incidence, and Mintz et al. show that

salmonella incubation period and severity is strongly correlated with dose

of contaminated food consumed in a disease outbreak.

If you are a first-time water cooler user, you may have become

confused between a leaking water cooler and an overflowing drip tray.

This is a highly forgivable mistake and sometimes even a trained eye may

momentarily confuse the two. Moreover, in an office environment with

many new users, people may think that the drip tray, located directly

underneath your water coolers’ taps, is an easy way to dispose of the last

few sips of the cup they’ve just poured for themselves. Be sure to check
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 31

your drip tray and empty it out often to avoid it spilling over. Another

(misconceived) reason for a leaking water cooler could be the back valve

on your water cooler not having been closed fully. You’ll see a tiny little

silver screw-type feature, which is used to drain the water cooler of all

water before it is transported; this need to be exceptionally well-sealed to

ensure no water escapees.

We reviewed the evidence base linking water chlorination to health

outcomes. We found that chlorine does indeed improve water quality and

is very effective at killing most diarrhea-causing pathogens. Having

reviewed two independent strands of literature a vast epidemiological

literature and economic literature we found that the basic mechanism by

which water treatment improves health outcomes continues to be

strongly supported by the evidence base. Perhaps unsurprisingly, we

found that high adherence to household water treatment interventions is

important for maintaining impact. And finally, we discussed concerns

with survey biases and assert that these seem overblown. We suggest a

more practical approach followed by Cochrane review authors who apply

some reasonable discounting methods, and who still find health impacts

from chlorine are significant.

Three of the four systematic reviews mentioned above consider the

impact of the sustained use of water treatment and health. All three
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 32

reach the conclusion that high adherence is important for maintaining

impact. This is, of course, not surprising: A product cannot provide

health benefits if people don’t use it. We note that Dispensers for Safe

Water has a verified high sustained use by users. For example, Classen

et. al. (2015) conclude that “Evidence indicates the more people use the

various interventions for improving water quality, the larger the effects,

so research into practical approaches to increase coverage and help

assure long-term use of them in poor groups will help improve impact.”

Waddington et. al. (2009) and Arnold and Colford (2007) both note that

maintaining adoption over time remains important in maintaining impact.

Recent research suggests that diarrhea reduction and diarrhea

rates do seem to be correlated with real outcomes such as the sustained

use of water treatment and microbial contamination; we would not expect

this to be the case if reductions were driven primarily by survey response

bias.

For all or most of the diarrhea reduction from chlorine to come

from survey effects, the effects of blinding would be much larger than

typically seen in most medical studies The existing blinded studies have

fundamental flaws, which make them unable to provide much

information on whether water treatment reduces diarrhea; hence, their


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 33

not showing impacts of water treatment is neither surprising, nor a

reason to rethink the entire (much larger and more robust) body of work

on water treatment

CHAPTER 3

3.0 Methodology

The chapter explains the method used by the proponents our goal

is to provide the details of methodology and the phases of it. The method

we chose is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) because it will

helps the proponents to manage their tasks while developing the system.

The SDLC has a step by step procedure that will help.

Requirement Phase Analysis Phase

Design Phase
Requirement
Phase Implementation Phase

Testing Phase

Maintenance Phase

Figure 2. System Development Life Cycle


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 34

The overall research methodology applied to the water dispenser

tap design improvement process is shown in Figure 2. There were four

main activities involved which started from identifying the root cause of

the problem using H2O Function Model method, followed by modeling

the problem using H2O Engineering Contradiction method, identifying

potential solution using H2O 40 Inventive Principles and finally applying

the identified inventive principles to create the new conceptual design of

the product. Details of the method applied are described in the following

sections.

Requirement Phase

The system is an electronic type of device; thus, it utilizes electronic

devices. Its function is served through a pump that gives of water to the

water container. The system requires electrical devices such as delay-

timer-trigger-relay, relay module, proximity sensor, alarm, switches, and

also battery for electrical supply. For the main function requirement of

the system, it requires a drinking water. The system must also be placed

on a clean air environment since it is air-water pump.

Analysis Phase
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 35

To aid the problem of humans in irregular drinking pattern, a

system or device in a form of home appliance will be made as tool to

remind people in their drinking habit. The total approximate cost of

materials to make the device costs a positive (+) or negative (-) margin

from 2000 pesos. These materials exclude tools to make the device such

as soldering iron and glue gun.

Design Phase

H2O'clock is designed to poses user-friendly and useful features.

The structure of the project is well built and durable. In persuasion to

promote healthy living, H2O'clock is very effective in water intake

regulation. Gathering materials and storages that are safe for the user is

an important factor considering in the materialization of the project. This

project is made resembling an alarm clock and a water dispenser; with

their combined functions, a very useful device is generated. It is

customizable and easy to use allowing you to set a certain period of time

you'll need to drink water, deceiving sense of dehydration, in accordance

to your lifestyle and daily activities.

Implementation Phase
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 36

Gathering all the materials and parts of the device is quite tough.

In order for the project to take shape, series of procedures and trials were

done. The device was built using pure knowledge and creative ideas that

was associated in the succession of the project. H2O'clock is crafted

using the appropriate materials and legit parts following precise

procedures. With the accompaniment of motor pump, sensors, timer, and

other delicate parts; materialization takes part.

Testing Phase

The testing process came in 3 steps. Firstly, the researchers tested

all the equipment that are about to be used for the Hydroclock such as

the timer, switches, battery, etc. When all equipments are tested to be

surely working, we then proceeded to Integration testing wherein we need

to test different parts of the system in combination in order to assess if

they work correctly together. By testing the units in groups, such as the

battery and the dynamo, any faults in the way they interact together can

be identified. After integration phase, the researchers proceeded to the

next and final phase of testing, the system testing. It is where the all of

the components of the device are tested as a whole in order to ensure

that the overall product meets the requirements and standards specified.

It is the phase where the researchers evaluate whether the system of the
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 37

prototype complies with the end-user requirements and if it is ready for

deployment.

Maintenance Phase

The maintenance phase happens after the project team deploys the

software and it is fully operational in the customer environment. During

the maintenance phase, the customer monitors the software to ensure it

continues to operate according to the coding specifications.

ANALYTICAL TESTING
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 38

Name (Optional):______________________________Date:____________
Position: Student Teacher I.T Expert Others:_____
Age__________ Gender:________
Instructor: Put a check to your desire answer in the following question.
Rating Scale: Rate the question on scale of 1-5
(1) Poor (2) Fair (3) Satisfactory (4) Very Satisfactory (5) Excellent

5 4 3 2 1
A. FUNCTIONALITY
1. Sensors and timer relays are responsive.
2. Automated water filling system is
consistent.
3. Serves accurate amount of water.
B.USABILITY
1. Consumes less effort and energy.
2. User-friendly and easy to operate.6
3. Multi-featured and customizable.
C.RELIABILITY
1. Drinking reminders are helpful.
2. Water-serving and detections are accurate.
3. Flexible to personal daily routine.
D. EFFICIENCY
1. Customizable and adaptive to the user.
2. Water serves automatically.
3. Regulates water intake.
E.PORTABILITY
1. Fits on any personal places (e.g. room,
office)
2. Aesthetically designed and convenient.
3. Easy to install and remove.
F.MAINTAINABILITY
1. Easy to refill water in the container.
2. Wirings and circuits are properly sealed
and insulated.
3. Waste water is properly controlled and
segregates.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 39

Table 8.0
Functionality of Proposed Device

A.FUNCTIONALITY AVERAGE INTERPRETATION


1. 1. Sensors and timer relays are 4.84 Excellent
responsive.
2. 2. Automated water filling 4.7 Excellent
system is consistent.
3. 3. Serves accurate amount of 4.58 Excellent
water.
TOTAL AVERAGE 4.71 Excellent

Table 8.0 shows the post test results of functionality criteria from
the survey questionnaire conducted from 50 people from the people.
From the table shown functionality got a total mean score of 4.71 with
an Excellent interpretation.

Table 9.0
USABILITY

B.USABILITY AVERAGE INTERPRETATION


1. Consumes less effort and energy. 4.66 Excellent

2. User-friendly and easy to operate.6 4.74 Excellent

3. Multi-featured and customizable. 4.82 Excellent

TOTAL AVERAGE 4.74 Excellent

Table 9.0 shows the post test results of usability criteria from the
survey questionnaire conducted from 50 people from the people. From
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 40

the table shown functionality got a total mean score of 4.74 with an
Excellent interpretation.

Table 10.0
RELIABILITY

C. RELIABILITY AVERAGE INTERPRETATION


1. Drinking reminders are helpful. 4.84 Excellent

2. Water-serving and detections are 4.62 Excellent


accurate.
3. Flexible to personal daily routine. 4.62 Excellent

TOTAL AVERAGE 4.61 Excellent

Table 10.0 shows the post test results of reliability criteria from
the survey questionnaire conducted from 50 people from the people.
From the table shown functionality got a total mean score of 4.61 with
an Excellent interpretation.

Table 11.0
EFFICIENCY

D. EFFICIENCY AVERAGE INTERPRETATION


1. Customizable and adaptive to the 4.5 Very Good
user.
2. Water serves automatically. 4.62 Excellent

3. Regulates water intake. 4.72 Excellent

TOTAL AVERAGE 4.61 Excellent

Table 11.0 shows the post test results of efficiency criteria from
the survey questionnaire conducted from 50 people from the people.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 41

From the table shown functionality got a total mean score of 4.61 with
an Excellent interpretation.

Table 12.0
PORTABILITY

E.PORTABILITY AVERAGE INTERPRETATION


1. Fits on any personal places (e.g. 4.62 Excellent
room, office)
2. Aesthetically designed and 4.74 Excellent
convenient.
3. Easy to install and remove. 4.6 Excellent

TOTAL AVERAGE 4.65 Excellent

Table 12.0 shows the post test results of portability criteria from
the survey questionnaire conducted from 50 people from the people.
From the table shown functionality got a total mean score of 4.65 with
an Excellent interpretation.

Table 13.0
MAINTAINABILITY

F.MAINTAINABILITY AVERAGE INTERPRETATION


1. Easy to refill water in the container. 4.66 Excellent

2. Wirings and circuits are properly 4.76 Excellent


sealed and insulated.
3. Waste water is properly controlled and 4.7 Excellent
segregates.
TOTAL AVERAGE 4.71 Excellent

Table 13.0 shows the post test results of maintainability criteria


from the survey questionnaire conducted from 50 people from the
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 42

people. From the table shown functionality got a total mean score of
4.71 with an Excellent interpretation.

TABLE 14.0

INDICATORS AVERAGE INTERPRETATION


A. FUNCTIONALITY 4.71 EXCELLENT
B. RELIABILITY 4.61 EXCELLENT
C. USABILITY 4.74 EXCELLENT
D. EFFICIENCY 4.61 EXCELLENT
E. MAINTAINABILITY 4.65 EXCELLENT
F. PORTABILITY 4.71 EXCELLENT
TOTAL AVERAGE 4.67 EXCELLENT

Table 14.0 shows the overall weighted mean of the post test
result. The functionality has an overall weighted of 4.71 with an
excellent interpretation. Reliability has an excellent interpretation
with a 4.61 overall weighted mean. The criteria for usability had a
4.74 general weighted mean with an excellent interpretation.
Efficiency has a 4.61 overall weighted mean and an excellent
interpretation. Portability has an overall weighted mean of 4.71 with
an excellent interpretation
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 43

CHAPTER 5

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

The survey for the study suggests that the device is properly

working. The users found the device efficient, easy to use, and

especially convenient since they don't have to remember to rehydrate

by themselves. The device could be placed conveniently at a spot of

choice because it doesn't contain that much of a space. The device is

user-friendly knowing that the schedule for drinking could be

customized by the user. Using an Arduino, the H2O'clock's sensors and

time relays are highly responsive and accurate. The device's system is

always working and the quality of work is highly consistent. The design

of the device is aesthetically fine to be placed at any place desired.

Although, users might have a hard time installing and reinstalling parts

of the H2O'clock. The computed overall average is 4.67 which is

interpreted EXCELLENT. It is efficient to use based on the result of the

study.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 44

Recommendation

The proponent would like to recommend the following:

To the user, the proponent wants to suggest to explore all the

functionalities of the device in order to maximize its efficiency and

accomplish the specific goal to deceive the sense of dehydration.

To the students, researchers and any individual who wants to

innovate this project, the researchers would like to recommend utilizing

this study as a premise reference, gave that credits are given to where

they are expected.


OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 45

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Perlis, K., (2018). Qoutation about Education, http://www.inspiration


al.com/qoutes/6652/modern-education

Murthy, R., (2018) Life and Science, http://www.technopedia/qoutes/


4423/life-inspiration-cme

Bonnes, Sara L. MD, et. al., (2017). Flipping the Quality Improvement
Classroom in Residency Education, Prgram: Electronic library and inf
ormation system (pp.262-274).

Sauers, D., Walker, T. (2004). A Comparison of Traditional and Techn


ology-Assisted Instructional Methods in the Business Communication
Classroom,
33(4), 269-287).

Ghavifekr, S. & Rosdy, W. A. W. (2015). Teaching and learning with te


chnology: Effectiveness of ICT integration in schools. International Jo
urnal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES),1 (2), 175-191.

Balliu, V., & Belshi, M., (2015). Modern Teaching versus Traditional T
eaching- Albanian Teachers Between Challenges and Choices, 19, 447
-461.

( Humphrey and Adams,General Visualization Abstraction Algorithm f


or Directable Interfaces: Component Performance and Learning Effect,
2010)

(Ibrahim Cetin-Visualization: a tool for enhancing students’ concept i


mages of basic object-oriented concepts, Jan 2013)

(Carbonilla Gorra, V. & Bhati, S. S. (2016). Students' perception on us


e of technology in the classroom at higher education institutions
in Philippines. Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning, 4 (3), 92-1
03.)

(M. Ronchetti, ―Using video lectures to make teaching more


interactive, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in
Learning (IJET), June 2010.)
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 46
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 47

APPENDICES
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 48

APPENDIX A
Gantt chart of Activities
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 49

APPENDIX B
Informed Consent Form

Feasibility Study on Implementing Modern Classrooms in Our Lady of Fatima


University Antipolo Campus

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Name of Group Engineering Department,


Teachers, Senior High
School and College Stu
dents
Name of principal Researcher Daniel C. Carpio
+639286812890
[email protected]
Jimson Roy E. Cordero
+639358352335
[email protected]
Zerwin Andre G. Panga
niban
+639997579246
andrepanganiban13@gmail.
com
Eric M. Grande
+639107272103
[email protected]
Name of institution Our Lady of Fatima Uni
versity – Antipol
o Campus
Name of Sponsor None

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY


You are given an honor to participate in a research study. Before you d
ecide to take part in this study, it is important that you are aware why the rese
arch is being done and what your participation will involve. Please comprehen
d on the following information carefully and feel free to ask the researchers if t
here is anything that is not clear or if you need more information.
The purpose of the study is to acquire data that will tell the capability of
the school on implementing “Modern Classrooms” that demands many chang
es and additions to the current Education System and classroom
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 50

management. This will also measure the suitability of the institution, learners,
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 51

and teachers on the changes that the implementation will bring. You ar
e qualified to participate through your authority and involvement in the field of
our research.

STUDY PROCEDURES
Your participation to this very is very essential to attain a concrete and
reliable results. If you decided to participate, you will have the opportunity to a
nswer the survey questionnaire based on your knowledge and experience. Yo
ur answers will be tabulated and interpreted in order to acquire the results and
datum. If you see that the question or data is beyond your authority or knowle
dge, you may choose not to answer.
1. You will be given a consent for you to approve your participation.
2. The questionnaire will be given to you in order to asses your stand in th
e research study.
3. The data will be collected and interpreted.
DURATION
This survey will take 5-10 minutes of your time. No need to rush and yo
u may take your time.

VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
Your participation in the research study is voluntary. It is up to you if yo
u’re going to answer the survey or take it down.

RISKS
It is important to answer the question honestly in order to get more acc
urate result. The school’s records and information are also required in this stu
dy. You’re free to withdraw your participation in the study whenever the partici
pant wants.

BENEFITS
Readers can use this study at their advantage. This may be their first st
ep to successfully launch a new learning system. The new generation of learn
ers and teachers will benefit the most from the concept. Since we stated som
e of the probable ways on maximizing the learning and teaching capacity, usi
ng modernized classrooms, of both the students and teachers, this study can
greatly improve their performance aided by their own knowledge.
CONFIDENTIALITY
Your responses in this research will be anonymous. All the information, data a
nd datum will be kept only for the sake of the research.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 52

Consent

I have read the provided information, or it has been read to me. I have t
he right and opportunity to ask questions about it and any questions I have be
en asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I understand that I will be gi
ven a copy of this form and the researcher will keep another copy on file. I co
nsent voluntarily to be a participant in this study.

_________________ _________________ ______________


PARTICIPANT SIGNATURE DATE

Carpio, Daniel C. __________________ ______________


RESEARCHER SIGNATURE DATE

Cordero, Jimson Roy E. __________________ ______________


RESEARCHER SIGNATURE DATE

Panganiban, Zerwin G. __________________ ______________


RESEARCHER SIGNATURE DATE

Grande, Eric M. __________________ ______________


RESEARCHER SIGNATURE DATE
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 53

APPENDIX C
Survey Questionnaire
1 2 3 4 5
STUDENTS
1. Traditional teaching approach boosts your attention/ participa
tion
2. Modern teaching approach enhances your creativity and atte
ntion
3. Complete classroom appliances, equipment, and devices giv
es comfort and effective learning experience
4. Modern visual aids such as projectors and televisions are wa
y better than traditional media
5. Additional Charges and payments are necessary for the impr
ovement of the current education system

TEACHERS
1. Classroom Management and improvised teaching is importa
nt
2. Promoting interactive activities is necessary to have an effect
ive learning experience
3. Comfortable teaching environment is a big factor for effective
learning
4. Convenience of technology access in classrooms are necess
ary
5. Punishment for the person who damaged equipment should
be implemented

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
1. Frequency of maintenance for every added appliances and e
quipment is needed
2. Quality and model are necessary
3. Guidelines, rules and instructions in how to operate the appli
ances and equipment should be implemented
4. Additional charges for maintenance are necessary for keepin
g the improvements functional.
5. Modern Classrooms are applicable in Our Lady of Fatima Uni
versity- Antipolo Campus
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 54
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 55

CURRICULUM VITAE

ZERWIN ANDRE G. PANGANIBAN


Address:18 Bantayog St. Concepcion 1 Marikina City
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

SECONDARY : Sta Elena High School


2014-2017
Sta Elena, Marikina

ELEMENTARY : Elementary School


2007-2014
Taytay, Rizal

TRAININGS and SEMINARS ATTENDED

Trainings
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
none
none
none

Seminars
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
none
none

_____________________________________________________________________
ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERSHIP
None
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 56

CURRICULUM VITAE

DANIEL C. CARPIO
Address: 83 Sta. Isabel St., Penafrancia, Cupang, Antip
olo City
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

SECONDARY : Santa Elena High School


2014-2017
Santa Elena, Marikina City

ELEMENTARY : Penafrancia Elementary School


2009-2014
Cupang, Rizal

TRAININGS and SEMINARS ATTENDED

Trainings
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
None
None
None

Seminars
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
None
None

____________________________________________________________
ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERSHIP
None
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY 57

CURRICULUM VITAE

JIMSON ROY E. CORDERO


Address: 321 E. dela Paz St., Sto. Nino, Marikina City
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

SECONDARY : Santa Elena High School


2014-2017
Santa Elena, Marikina City

ELEMENTARY : Jovellar Elementary School


2009-2014
Igbaras, Iloilo

TRAININGS and SEMINARS ATTENDED

Trainings
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
None
None
None

Seminars
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
None
None

_____________________________________________________________________
ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERSHIP
None
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

CURRICULUM VITAE

ERIC M. GRANDE
Address: 14 Kapwa St., Calumpang, Marikina City
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

SECONDARY : Antipolo National High School


2014-2017
Antipolo, Rizal

ELEMENTARY : Penafrancia Elementary School


2009-2014
Antipolo, Rizal

TRAININGS and SEMINARS ATTENDED

Trainings
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
None
None
None

Seminars
TITLE DATE(S) LOCATION
None
None

FILIPINO CLUB
Auditor
July 2014-2015

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