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Vitc Bcse308l M1 L1

The document discusses the history and evolution of computer networks from past to present to future. In the past, networks originated as courier and postal systems thousands of years ago, and evolved to include the telegraph, telephone, and early computer networks connected by modems in the 1950s. Significant developments included the ARPANET in the 1960s and the adoption of TCP/IP in the 1980s which led to the Internet. Present networks include cellular, wireless, cloud, IoT and augmented reality. The future may bring smell, touch, and taste-based digital experiences through new human-computer interaction methods.

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reddyshashank1808
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29 views12 pages

Vitc Bcse308l M1 L1

The document discusses the history and evolution of computer networks from past to present to future. In the past, networks originated as courier and postal systems thousands of years ago, and evolved to include the telegraph, telephone, and early computer networks connected by modems in the 1950s. Significant developments included the ARPANET in the 1960s and the adoption of TCP/IP in the 1980s which led to the Internet. Present networks include cellular, wireless, cloud, IoT and augmented reality. The future may bring smell, touch, and taste-based digital experiences through new human-computer interaction methods.

Uploaded by

reddyshashank1808
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

BCSE308L

Computer Networks: Past, Present, and Future

Dr. Bhuvaneswari Amma N.G.


Assistant Professor (Sr.)
SCOPE, VIT Chennai
Overview
• Computer Networks: Past
• Computer Networks: Present
• Computer Networks: Future
• Summary

27 April 2023 BCSE308L-M1-L1 2


Computer Networks: Past
Networks are Old
• 2400 BC: courier networks in Egypt
• 550 BC: postal service invented in Persia
• 1850 – first submarine cables laid
– …by 1900 the first global communications network!
• 1837: Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse
• 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
• 1878: Switching
• 1937: Trunk lines + multiplexing

27 April 2023 BCSE308L-M1-L1 3


Computer Networks: Past … Contd.
Growth of Telephone Network
• 1881: Twisted pair for local loops
• 1885: AT&T formed
• 1892: Automatic telephone switches
• 1903: 3 million telephones in the US
• 1915: First transcontinental cable
• 1927: First transatlantic cable
• 1937: First round-the-world call
• 1946: National numbering plan

27 April 2023 BCSE308L-M1-L1 4


Computer Networks: Past … Contd.
From Humans to Computers
• 1958: First use of a modem
– Machine to machine communication
– Analog vs. digital signals
• Many different computer networks
– Local vs. global
– Private vs. public
– General purpose vs. special purpose
• E.g. credit cards, banks, defense

27 April 2023 BCSE308L-M1-L1 5


Computer Networks: Past … Contd.
History of the Internet
• 1961: Kleinrock @ MIT: packet-switched network
• 1962: Licklider’s vision of Galactic Network
• 1965: Roberts connects computers over phone line
• 1967: Roberts publishes vision of ARPANET
• 1969: BBN installs first InterfaceMsgProcessor
• 1970: Network Control Program (NCP)
• 1972: Public demonstration of ARPANET
• 1972: Kahn @ DARPA advocates Open Architecture
• 1972: Vint Cerf @ Stanford writes TCP

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Computer Networks: Past … Contd.
Kahn’s Ground Rules
1.Each network is independent, cannot be forced to change
– A network of networks
– Each running their own set of protocols
2.Best-effort communication (i.e. no guarantees)
3.Boxes (routers/gateways) connect networks
– Boxes that do not maintain state → keep them simple!
4.No global control
• Principles behind the development of IP
• Led to the Internet as we know it
• Internet is still structured as independent networks
27 April 2023 BCSE308L-M1-L1 7
Computer Networks: Past … Contd.
More Internet History
• 1974: Cerf and Kahn paper on TCP (IP kept separate)
• 1980: TCP/IP adopted as defense standard
• 1983: ARPANET and MILNET split
• 1983: Global NCP to TCP/IP flag day
• 1985: Internet melts down due to congestion
• 1986: Van Jacobson saves the Internet (BSD TCP)
• 1987: NSFNET merges with other networks
• 1988: Deering and Cheriton propose multicast
• 1994: NSF backbone dismantled, private backbone
• 1999-present: The Internet boom and bust … and boom
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Computer Networks: Present

• Cellular Networks
• Wireless Networks
• Cloud
• Fog
• Internet of Things
• Augmented Reality
• Autonomous Vehicles
• Wearable Computing

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Computer Networks: Future
• Smell Communication
• Digital Touch
• Digital Taste – Virtual food, Lickable Screen
• Multisensory HCI

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Summary
Discussed about
• Computer Networks: Past
• Computer Networks: Present
• Computer Networks: Future

27 April 2023 BCSE308L-M1-L1 11


Thank You!

27 April 2023 BCSE308L-M1-L1 12

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