1)
Interface Python
with MySQL
ive
151 Introduction
152 Connecting to MySQL from Python
153 Parameterised Queries
154. Performing INSERT and UPDATE Queries
131 INTRODUCTION
When you design real-life applications, you are bound to |
encounter situations wherein you need to manipulate data ——— |
Sored in a database through an application designed by You. fore you start working wth
Since you are developing Python applications, in this chapter Python mysa onnectr vou net
our discussion will be based on how you can connect to a to instal et computer. Both
lation of Python
MYSQL database from within a Python script. nipaneCommeccr is event
order to connect to a database from within Python, you Ampendie Coffe ae
‘wed a library that provides connectivity jonality. There Te the sme
pos different libraries available for Python to accomplish
. We shall work with mysql connector library for the same. COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON _
622
15.2.1 Gteps for Creating Databos
‘There are mainly seven steps that
application.
1 Start Python.
a 2 ae packages required for database Pro}
‘Step 3 Open a connection to database.
Step 4
(Step5 Execute a query.
Step 6 Extract data from result set.
(Step7 Clean up the environment’)
Let us talk about these steps in details.
Step 1. Start Python.
‘Start Python's editor where you can create your Python scripts. Tt can be IDLE or Spyder IDE-
whatever you feel comfortable in,
Step 2,Amport mysql.connector Package
(First of all you need to import mysql.connector package in your Python scripts)For this, write
import command as shown below =
e Connectivity Applications
must be followed in order to create a database connectyy
gramming.
Create a cursor instance.
dmport mysql. connector
ae 10 can use ary identifier of your choice
or
Smport mysql.connector as sqltor
You can also use pymysql in place of mysql.connector for connecting with MySQL database.
We shall talk about this in section 15.5.2.
Step 3. Open a Connection to MySQL Database
P
Next you need to establish connection to a MySQL database using connect( ) function of
mysql.connector package.)
.e connect( ) function of mysql.connector establishes i d
requires four parameters) which are : connection to a MySQL database an
Connection-Object> = mysql. connector. connect (host =
, user = ,
\ Passwd = [, database = name. Y. eee for
executing queries and for other tasks on connected database. For eon be using this mae
=) ‘ample ;
_Anport mysqiconnector as sqltor ‘oginid and password of your MySQL daiabost
The connecion ——t#CON = Sq1tOP.connect (host = "localhost" sy :
; database = testy POOt”» passwd = "MyPass”»
4 MySOL database U5 INTERFACE PYTHON WITH MySQL 1
oe 623 \
sar we imported mysqlconnector package as salto, we MM
Set peomector. Ifyou have impored the package as + We are using the name sqltor in place of
import mysql.connector
you need to write above function as:
‘Then
snycon = mysql. connector. connect(host = “localhost”
senuigroot
passwd ror
‘MyPass", database = "test") \
che above command will establish connect ;
eeword as “MyPass” and to the MyS See eee Ue er
P s a 'ySQL database namely test which exists on the MySQL
Here, you must ensure that the user and password that i i
for yout local MYSQL installation. Soe ee ere
eae cee ee eet ay
tonnected to MySQL database. You can also check for datbnse Cometon bet
= connectionobject>.cursor() the row by row proc
, i of
That is, for our connection established in earlier steps, we can records in the resultset, , the.
of records retrieved 35 per quan
create cursor( ) by writing :
Burson = mycon.cursor()
Cursor object created Connection object
Since we established database connection through
created a cursor object using the same connection object mycon.
connection object mycon earlier, we hay
Step 5. Execute SQL Query
‘Once you have created a cursor(you can execute SQL query using execute( ) function with
cursor object as per following syntax :
sgzursorobject>.execute())
For example, if you want to view all the records of table data which is a table in the database
test to which you established connection in step 2, you can execute SQL query “select * fom
data” by writing :
Aitsor execute( “select * fron data")
Se ave S01 any ingot
‘cursor object name
The above code will execute the given SQL query and
store the retrieved records (i.e, the resultset) in the cursor Cite result set refers toa loge
‘Of records that are fetched from
object (namely cursor) which you can then use in your
rograms/scripts as required. ‘the database by executing an SQL
~P e a query and made ayailable to the
application moray)
6. Extract Data from Resultset
You will need this step (step 6) you have retrieved records from the database using SOL
SELECT query and need to extract records from the retrieved resultset. Once the result of query
is available in the form of a resultset stored in a cursor object, you can extract data from the
resultset using any of the following fetch...() functions)
) = .fetchall( ).4t will retum all the records retrieved as per query in ®
tuple forni)(ie, now will be a tuple.)
(ii) = .fetchone( ).Gt will retum one record from the resultset as a tuple O°
list. First time it will return the first record, next time it will fetch the next record
Step
on}
This method returns one record as a tuple : if there are no more records then it ru"
ch and
then it
None.
(Gy = fetchmany(). (his method accepts number of records to fe
returns a tuple where each record itself is a tuple. If there are not more records
returns an empty tuple)
evariable> = .rowcount. The rowcount is a property of cursor object a
returns the number of rows retrieved from the cursor so ES) Following examples
make it more clear.
wr
> F
15 INTERFACE PYTHON WITH Mysqu
Bm Joo foo > f= [>
tus now see with following code ¢
amples, we shall be connecting to datab,
” student of MySQL database test
{_Rolino | Name
Marks | Gr,
101__| Ruhani_ | 76,80 aie Section | pojet|
102 | George | 71.20 A__| Pending,
103 _| Simran | 8120 A Submited {
ae ae a 3 Evaluated
105 | Kushal | 51.60 ae \
et err C | Evaluated
60 + B__| Submitted
107 | Raunak | 3250 F B__| Submitted
using connect( ) method of mysql.connector as discussed in earlier steps. That is, all the
following code examples of fetch functions have following code pre-executed for them :
import mysql.connector as sqltor
database ="test")
if mycgn.is_connected() == False:
‘print (‘Error connecting to MySQl database)
‘The SQL query retrieves all the data of
Following code examples assume that the connection to the database has been established
aycon = sqltor .connect(host = "localhost", user = "root", passud="HyPass",
cursor = mycon.cursor() table student of database test
“cursor .execute("select * from student") ;
Let us now see that in addition to above code how all fetch. ‘methods will behave.
(ihe fetchall( ) method : :
‘The fetchall( ) method will return all the rows from the resultset in the form of a tuple” |
containing the records.
‘tablished and cyrsor object
#database connected estab) ee
many records esr by SC query i the rei!
_—— data = cursor.fetchall()
Thedaia variable will > 7" count » cursor -PONCOUDE
” es r
ciber of rais retrieved inresv}tset » count)
tuple (a tuple of re- 2 the dato tuple
| fuer: ora dns — Non can
2 print(n
1 the output produced by abova code iS:
Total nynber of roms retrieved in ee ee
G01, ‘muhani’, oecimal<'76-80": (%)" .y' ssubmitted!?
2) pty OA 4 !
| oz, ‘George’, pecimal(’72-20°> wp apr, ‘eyatuated) xn pil Pa
aS ert
i y hich
© Gos, ‘simran’, oecimal ('81-20") tore ‘assigned’? fens ts ws
5 e r e 5 sa G printed |
Y 04, ‘ali’, pecinal('61-29°> Opt ‘syatuated 2. then
\ GOs, ‘Kushal’, Decimal <*52-+ yep, *submi
\G06, canataat, paetnal('92-60"3¢ (M96, "ssybaistet”?
to7,, ‘Raunaa’ , vecimal<‘32-50").. 7°
| COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH Pri)
626 Nog
{i Jhe fetchmany( ) method
(the fetchmany'
form of a tuple containing
n> number of rows from the resullset in
the
# database connected established and cursor object created
= cursor. fetchmany (4) Fetch 4 records in the resultset
lit
a voriable will 7” ow many records returned by SOL query in
Te ate (gous Cue enter Sige a a
cords from the resultset oy
eee print(*Total nunber of POWs netrieved from resultset :", count)
(a tuple of records)
ae
For row indata : <——— Now you cam proces the data tuple
print(row), vow at ane
The output produced by above code is :
Total number of rows retrieved from resultset
(401, ‘Ruhani’, Decimal (‘76.80’), tal tals ‘pending’
G02, ‘George’, Decinal('71.20°), ‘B', (A submitted’) a
‘si t ii 31.20’), ‘A’, ‘B's “Evaluated’)
(203, ‘Simran’, Decimal (‘81.20’) te ae
poo tali?, Decimal (‘61.20"), °B’, “Cs assigned’). ychave been sofar retrieved troup
. fetch..( ) methods from the cursor.
4 << Result of eursor.roweount
|
|
| Ui) The fetchone( ) method
(the fetchone( ) method will return only one row from the resultset in the form of a tuple
containing a record) A pointer is initialized which points to the first record of the resultset a
4 ___ soon as you ‘execute a query. The fetchone() returns the record pointed to by this pointer. When
—~you fetch one record, the pointer moves to next record of the recordset. So next time , ifyou
execute the fetchone() metod, it will return only one record pointed to by the pointer and after
fetching, the pointer will move to the next record of the resultset.
‘Also, carefully notice the behaviour of{cursor.rowcount that always returns how many records
have been retrieved so far using any of the fetch...) methods,
+ (Hedatabase connected established and cursor object created
data = cursor. fetchone() <————_Feich 1 records in the resultset aa
count = cursor. rowcount (rst time, only the first record is retrieved) "
ee
—
print(*Total nunber of rows retrieved from a
i :
msietaies scultset :", count)
print("\nAgain fetching one record”)
data = cursor.fetchone() <_______y,, |
Next
count = cursor.rowcount from er
~
h print(‘‘Total nunber of rows retrieved from recultset ie, ‘ll
print (data)) Tasults qumber of OWS Tetrieved in
oe rauhani’, Decimal ('76,.89") resultset ;
oh AU aay
sin fetching one record
| qunber of rows retrieved froy
1<—— lt
M9") reed ony Fchone) math
‘record from the cursor
i 5 9 m
(ts Meeorge’ , Decimal ('71,20°) rpesuleset : 2 ¢———— Ral ofc,
a fAr, “Submitted? Tine ae ‘
ai one
w can you guess the output of fi i record) from he | ter (next
Not tpt following code? vaas wei sre SO FAR
anport mysql.connector as sqltor
aycon = sqitor. connect (host = "localhost
database ="testt) | Ot”
sfmycon.is_connected() == False:
print ("Error connecting to MySQL database"
cursor = mycon.cursor() )
cursor execute( "select * from student")
data = cursor. fetchone()
2 Passud = "HyPasse
count = cursor. rowcount
print("Total number of rows retrieved so far from resultset :", count)
data = cursor.fetchone() 3 t
count = cursor.rowcount:
print("Total number of rows retrieved so far from resultset :", count)
- data = cursor. fetchmany 3) ‘
count = cursor .rowcount oe 5 uke
print(“Total number of rows retrieved soar fromresultset :", count)
Well, you guessed it right. The output is:
Total nunber’ of rows retrieved so far from resultset ? 1
‘far from resultset? 2
Total number of rows retrieved S0, 0
Total nunber of rows retrieved so far from resultset =
St P sii EE
lp 7_Llean Up the Environment... yen need to cose the connection
you are through all the processing
established.
This, you can do as follows :
ect>.close()
tabase connectio
g, in this final SteP:
__Agonnection obj abject mycon above: S°
€8,, we established the dat
We shall write :
vs ofthe database le
—itycon.close( )
wn via connection
Follow; plete code W
lowing example lists the COMP © 10
Student of MySQL database test © se
