Media and lnformation Literacy

MODULE 1: Introduction to Media and Information Literacy

MEBET E. MORALES
SUBJECT TEACHER
What This Module is about
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!

We live in a world where the quality of information we receive largely determines

our choices and ensuing actions, including our capacity to enjoy fundamental freedoms
and the ability for self-determination and development. Driven by technological
improvements in telecommunications, there is also a proliferation of media and other
information providers through which vast amounts of information and knowledge are
accessed and shared by citizens (Karklins, J., UNESCO).

This Module is an introductory part for the subject in Media and Information
Literacy, which will pave the way towards more meaningful discussions and interactions.
This is aimed in introducing the concept of Media and Information Literacy to Senior
High School learners, as solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts and
terminologies will be presented as we go along the module.

Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully
equipped and to be media and information literate individual. There are several standard
symbols (icons) used as you go about in the completion of this module. For instance, a
hand cupped with a sprout represents an activity that introduces you to a new lesson or
concept. This is reinforced with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity as a
part of the lesson, enabling you to discover and understand the totality of the lesson.
Highlighting each lesson is your application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the
skills and knowledge gained into your real life situations, symbolized with a nut and
wrench tandem.

This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School
student to not just be an information literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker
as well as responsible user and competent producer of media and information.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 2

 INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA
LESSON 1 AND INFORMATION LITERACY

The learner demonstrates understanding of

CONTENT STANDARD media and information literacy (MIL) and MIL
related concepts.

The learner organizes a creative and interactive

PERFORMANCE STANDARD symposium for the community that focuses on
being a media and information literate individual.
 Describes how much media and
information affect communication.
 Identifies the similarities and differences of
media literacy, information literacy and
LEARNING COMPETENCIES technology literacy.
 Editorializes the value of being literate in
media and information.
 Shares to the class media habits, lifestyle
and preferences.
At the end of the lesson , the learners will be
able to;

 describe how media and information affect

communication;
LEARNING OUTCOMES  identify the similarities and
differences of media literacy,
information literacy, and
technology literacy; and
 cite ways on how to use media
and information responsibly.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 3

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: _______________

GRADE &SECTION: _____________________ SCORE: ______________

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. Which of the following terms refers to the capability of a person to work independently or with
others to use technology tools to access, manage, integrate and communicate information?
A. Media literacy C. Information literacy
B. Reading literacy D. Technology literacy

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 4

 2. It is the understanding to access, analyze, evaluate, create, reflect and act using various forms
of communication.
A. Media literacy C. Technology literacy
B. Information literacy D. Reading literacy

3. A set of skills requiring people to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to
locate, evaluate and use it effectively is known as ____________________.
A. Media literacy C. Technology literacy
B. Information literacy D. Reading literacy

4. Media and information facilitate the flow of communication. Which situation illustrates this?
A. A MIL student saves his files in Google drive.
B. A school administrator prepares his speech for the assembly.
C. A teacher writes an organized instructional activity for the learners.
D. A friend sends you an info graphic on energy conservation which you requested.

5. Which act shows proper use of media and information?

A. Copy and paste any information that can help you answer your school essays.
B. Create media presentations to counter those who spread negative information about your
friend.
C. Share encouraging or positive posts in support of causes, subjects, and persons you care
about.
D. Use social media to express your anger and disappointment for you to have emotional relief.

What I Need to Know

When we talk about media, we usually associate it with newspapers, television news
reports, news reporters, or even journalists and eventually relate it with social media. Media,
which comes from the medium (channel or method), may also relate to mass media, which
reaches a large number of people. We use media to spread knowledge, information, and news
from one part of the world to the other. We also use media to educate people to know about
their basic rights and how to use them. It provides a link between the government and the
people because all the policies and activities of the government are conveyed through the
media. Media and information facilitate the process of communication.

One most effective use of media is on communication. Media facilitates sharing of

information across the globe. A piece of information is knowledge communicated or received
about a particular fact or circumstance. It is a form of facts, data, numbers, images, documents,
sound, or act of a person to be delivered to the recipient in order to explain, inform and verify

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 5

 that the recipient may use such information for any particular purpose. Media shares this
information to keep people aware and updated on important events and happenings. Media
transmits this information, for example, to establish our business to sell and purchase goods and
services online, to do and submit our school work, and to ask for clarification from our
classmates or teachers.

Usually, media and information go hand in hand since media would contain information
and is used for communication. Therefore, media and information facilitate communication. It is
simply sending and receiving information in its various forms, like when we express our views
with other people on social media, or we use our cellular phones when we send messages to
our friends. Imagine our world without communication brought about by the use of media and
information. It will be totally difficult as our engagement with others will be slower, less effective,
less efficient, and of course, less enjoyable. We will all be affected by the way we think and
function as humans. For sure, we as modern people would not want it that way.

In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out

the message we want to convey. There are various outlets that we can use in order to
deliver our message. Few of the examples are listed below.
Examples of Communication Medium
Communication Medium How it Works
Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Conversation
deliver the message.
One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Public Speaking deliver the message to a large number of people, at any
given time.
Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and
Documents/ Letters/ Mails
print.
Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,
Visual Art photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-
Physical Medium package information contained in product packaging, and
the like.
Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as
Digital/ Interactive website or computer application, primarily by the use of
internet.

How about you, can you add more to the list?

With the concept of communication defined above, how then can media affect
communication? But, before we discuss further on that, we will contextualize media, as
it is used in your daily lives and routine as students.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 6

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: _______________

GRADE &SECTION: _____________________ SCORE: ______________

ACTIVITY L1-1
Different kinds of Media: With communicating, we make use of different channels so as to
convey and/or exchange information. Imagine a typical day in your life as a Senior High School
Student. Identify and list down ten (10) different kinds of media that you use in order to communicate
information. The first one is done for you.
Media Used

1. Cellular Mobile Phones

2.
3.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 7

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.
9.
10.

Formative question #1
What is the role of media and information in communication?
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

What Is It
As you may have written from the list above, Media is commonly synonymous
with technology. So, what is Media anyway?
Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons
and their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different
types of Media. One of the oldest forms of media is print. Thanks to the ever changing
technology, our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of
what is real. It surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes
you wear. We have radio, television, computers, and smartphones. We have the
internet, online video channels, and all sorts of social
media. So stop and look around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going away
anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be media-smart. (YouTube
Channel MediaSmarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)
Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the
details of the information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 8
 society in general. Example, if you want to notify your classmate of a meeting organized
by a club you joined, how will you go about communicating the information? Will you
send text messages through your cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message
through social media? Or write it down on a paper, and hang it on visible places around
the campus? Whichever way, you must use a medium to communicate the information.
Hence, communication and media are directly interrelated, such that media serves as a
platform by which one can meaningfully express and communicate oneself.
Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of
Information, a Medium of Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of
information if the use of the media provides knowledge and information about
something, while a media used as a channel to convey information is considered a
medium of communication. A media can also be simultaneously used both as a source
and a medium of information. To give you more of this concept, you may answer the
activity below.

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: _______________

GRADE &SECTION: _____________________ SCORE: ______________

ACTIVITY L1-2
Identification of the Uses of Media: From the list that you have identified from Activity 1 Identify the
use of the specific media listed if it is (A) Source of Information (B) Medium of Communication, or
(C) Both. The first one is done for you.

Media Used Use of Media

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 9

1. Cellular Mobile Phones (B) Medium of Communication

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

What Is It
From the example done for you, a Cellular Mobile Phone with simple call and text
features is an example of a medium of communication, because it allows you to communicate
and reach out to others. However, Smart Phones which are types of mobile phones having the
multi-purpose features of communication, multimedia functionality, wireless communication like
Bluetooth and wi-fi, is an example of both a source of information and a medium of
communication. Needless to say, a smart phone can be used as a medium to communicate to
other people from across the globe, and if loaded with cellular data, can surf the internet hence,
a potential source of information.
Now that we have discussed the interrelationship of media and communication, we will
examine the different concepts that will be used in this subject. We will build your definition on
the following key concepts, as referenced from the Teaching Guide of Media and Information
Literacy formulated by the CHED in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University:

A. Literacy- The ability to identify, communicate and compute, using printed

understand, interpret, create, and written materials associated with varying
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 10
 contexts. Literacy involves a continuum E. Information Literacy- The ability to
of learning, wherein individuals are able recognize when information is needed,
to achieve their goals, develop their and to locate, evaluate, and effectively
knowledge and potential, and participate communicate information in its various
fully in their community and wider formats.
society.
F. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The
B. Media- The physical objects used to ability of an individual, either working
communicate with or the mass independently or with others, to
communication through physical objects responsibly, appropriately, and
such as radio, television, computers, effectively use technological tools. Using
film, etc. It also refers to any physical these tools an individual can access,
object used to communicate messages. manage, integrate, evaluate, create and
C. Media Literacy- The ability to access, communicate information.
analyze, evaluate, and create media in a G. Media and Information Literacy- The
variety of forms. It aims to empower essential skills and competencies that
citizens by providing them with the allow individuals to engage with media
competencies (knowledge and skills) and other information providers
necessary to engage with traditional effectively, as well as develop critical
media and new technologies. thinking and life-long learning skills to
D. Information- A broad term that covers socialize and become active citizens.
processed data, knowledge derived
from study, experience, instruction,
signals or symbols.

Figure 1. The interrelationship of the different

concepts of Media and Information Literacy

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 11

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: _______________

GRADE &SECTION: _____________________ SCORE: ______________

ACTIVITY L1-3
Case Analysis
With the concept given above, let us now test your comprehension. Answer the activity
that follows.
Given below are situations that depict a specific literacy that an individual exhibits.
Identify if it is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Technology (Digital) Literacy, or Media
and Information Literacy. The first one is done for you.

Case Analysis on different literacies

Situation Literacy
Ashley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High School is
proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so much ease and
comfort. In fact, she is accustomed to use it to create powerful Technology (Digital)
PowerPoint presentations during graded class Literacy
reporting.
In order to add related literature to his Practical Research project,
Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through
various journals and studies that may help him in his research.
One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade 11
Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create a short film
highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking.
The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video.
The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered
themselves to an online portal called Edmodo, in order to connect
themselves periodically, share assignments, and even
collaboratively work on a project, without meeting face to face.

Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile phone in

order to send emails and messages to her
teacher in Media and Information Literacy.

Formative question #2

What are the similarities and differences between media literacy, information literacy,
and technology literacy?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 12

 From the example given above, Ashley exemplified literacy in the use of technology, specifically
the use of her i7 processor laptop. The i7 processor laptop is a form of technology, so the answer is
Technology (Digital) Technology.
Now that you have concretely conceptualized the similarities and differences of the literacies
enumerated above, we will now integrate the value of being literate in media and information to your
life as a Senior High School student.
Part of integrating values to your learning towards becoming a literate in media and information
is an inventory of your media habit, lifestyle and preferences. This means that you will assess your
personal schedule and list down your common online activities and quantify it as to the number of
hours you have spent engaged for the specific activity. The table below shows an example of a
common response.

Table 5. Example of a Weekly Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences

Number of hours in a week
Media or Information Provider
(168 hours/ week)
Youtube 3 hours
Facebook 12 hours
Television, Radio 20 hours
Books 10 hours
Others: pep.ph, google.com 10 hours
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK 55 hours

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: _______________

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 13

GRADE &SECTION: _____________________ SCORE: ______________

ACTIVITY L1-4

Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences

Now, do your own personal inventory. Write it down in the table below, with
reference to the example from the table given above

Weekly Online Activities Log

Weekly Online Activities Log
Number of hours in a week
Media or Information Provider
(168 hours/ week)

TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK

Formative question #3

What specific action do you do to show that you are a responsible user of media and information?
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

NAME: _________________________________ DATE: _______________

GRADE &SECTION: _____________________ SCORE: ______________

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 14
 POST ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to
Evaluate it.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

2. The medium of communication that requires face to face interaction using one’s
voice as the tool to deliver the message.
A. Digital/ Interactive Communication B. Conversation
C. Public Speaking D. Digital Art

3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Printer D. Smartphones

4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones

5. An information literate person should first understand the situation or problem to

figure out the specific type of information he or she needed.
A. True B. False
C. Maybe D. Neither True or False

6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.

A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources

7. Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information

contained in product packaging are example of what medium of communication?
A. Visual Art B. Physical Medium
C. Digital/ Interactive D. Documents/ Letters

8. This refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons

and their intended audience.
A. Communication B. Public Speaking
C. Media D. Information Sources

9. This is considered the oldest form of Media

A. Print B. Visual Art
C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive

10. It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to

responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.
A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 15

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 16