BY: GROUP 4
CHAPTER 4:
ROLES OF
EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
Look at the importance of technology
in teaching and learning
Intended Learning Outcome
AT THE END OF THE CHAPTER, STUDENTS ARE
EXPECTED TO:
(C) Discuss what is role of educational
technology
(A) Distinguish the importance of the roles of
educational technology in teaching and
learning; and
(P) Formulate the importance of the roles of
educational technology by role playing.
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Beliefs about Educational Technology
The history of educational technology These beliefs have some validity and
reveals that many educators, parents, both provide reasons for using
and students believe the reason for technology. The fast development in
using technology are based in two technology require us to answer the
major beliefs; following questions:
1. Technology is composed of tools to Since technology can assist the students in many
facilitate learning, thus should be used in ways, how should it fit with what teachers already
do?
education and
At which level of students, topics, or activities
2.Research has shown the effectiveness of should schools rely on computer-based methods?
computer-based methods. Does some reliable information suggest specific
benefits for using technology in education?
The Four Pillars of Education and the 21"
Century Skills
LEARNING TO LEARNING TO
LEARNING TO DO LEARNING TO BE
LEARN LIVE TOGETHER
ENABLES ONE TO EQUIPS ONE WITH PROVIDES THE ·GIVES AN
ADDRESS COPING CERTAIN SKILLS TO INDIVIDUAL THE INDIVIDUAL A
WITH SITUATIONS UNDERTAKE CERTAIN POTENTIAL FOR PICTURE OF WHAT HE
THAT NEE TASKS TO BE HARMONIOUS PLANS TO BE AFTER
KNOWLEDGE, PRODUCTIVE AND RELATIONSHIP WITH CERTAIN PERIODS IN
GREATER COMPETENT. PEOPLE AROUND HIS LIFETIME. THE
INTELLECTUAL THEM. LEARNERS OUTLOOK
CURIOSITY, SHAPES ABOUT HIMSELF MAY
THE MENTAL VARY FROM TIME TO
FACULTIES AND TIME AS HE REALIZES
ENABLE ONE TO MAKE CERTAIN EPISODES
JUDGEMENT ON THE IN HIS LIFE.
THINGS AND
SITUATIONS THEY
EXPERIENCED.
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 1. MOTIVATION
According to learning theorist, Robert Gagné,
gaining the learner's attention is a critical first
event in providing optimal conditions for
instruction.
Instruction must direct this attention toward
meaningful learning, the visual and interactive
features of many technology resources seem to
help focus students' attention and encourage
them to spend more time on learning task (Pask-
McCartney, 1989; Summers, 1990-1991).
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 1. ENCOURAGING THE LEARNER
THROUGH PRODUCTION WORK
·Production work makes learning more
meaningful to students.
·The teachers often try to engage them in
creating their own technology-based products.
·Hypermedia (Voller, 1992; LaRoue 1990)
·Computer-generated art (Buchholz, 1991)
·Telecommunications (Taylor, 1989; Marcus,
1995)
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 1. INCREASING PERCEPTIONS OF
LEARNER CONTROL
·Many students are motivated by feeling, they are
in control of their own learning (Amone &
Grabowski, 1991; Relan, 1992)
·Learner control seems to have special
implications for at-risk students and others who
have experienced academic failure.
·Students with weak learning skills seem to profit
most when teachers supply structure to the
activities (Kozma, 1991,1994; McNeil & Nelson
1991).
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 1. TECHNOLOGY USE AS MOTIVATION
·Motivating students to learn more has assumed
greater importance in recent years as we recognize
strong correlations between dropping out of school
and undesirable outcomes such as criminal activity.
·Kozma and Croniger (1992) described several ways
in which technology might help to address the
cognitive, motivational, and social needs of at-risk
students; Bialo and Slivin (1989) listed several
software packages that were either designed or
adapted to appeal to these kinds of students.
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 2. UNIQUE INSTRUCTIONAL CAPABILITIES
Deals with instructional capabilities is closely related to the
four pillars of education, namely:
·learning to know
·learning to do
·learning to be
·learning to live together.
They set the use of technology in molding the individual to meet
the demands of the 21 century through the following:
·Linking learners to information sources (Learning to know)
·Helping learners visualize problems and solution (Learning to
do)
·Tracking learners' progress (Learning to be)
·Linking learners to learning tools
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 2. LINKING LEARNERS TO INFORMATION
SOURCES
·Through hypertext systems, as seen on many Internet
Web pages, students can select a keyboard from a
screen and get pointers from several other sources with
information on the same topic.
·"Both calls on and develops skills in addition to those
used with prescribed books and reference materials".
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 2. ENABLING LEARNERS VISUALIZE
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Kozma (1991) also reports that interactive visual media
(videodisc applications) seem to have unique
instructional capabilities for topics that involve social
situations or problem solving.
"Representing social situation and tasks such as
interpersonal problem solving, foreign language
learning, or moral decision making"
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 2. TRACKING LEARNERS' PROGRESS
·Students' progress can be recorded and reported in
many ways.
·Preparing a portfolio on class accomplishment can be
recorded in a log book or in an-electronic diary.
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 2. LINKING LEARNERS TO LEARNING
TOOLS
·There are many ways by which the learners can use
technology to link with information needed in their
lessons and in solving problems for lifelong learning.
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 3. SUPPORT FOR NEW
INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES
Educators are beginning to look at technology
resources to help make these new directions at once
feasible and motivational to students.
Several new instructional initiatives can benefit from
applications of technology:
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 3. SUPPORT FOR NEW
INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES
Cooperative Learning: Demonstrates the value of small
groups with members coming from different learning
abilities.
Shared Intelligence: An emerging definition for
intelligence is termed shared Intelligence or distributed
intelligence.
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 3. SUPPORT FOR NEW
INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES
Problem Solving and Higher-level Skills
·Sensing the problem
·Researching the problem
·Formulating the problem
·Finding the alternatives
·Choosing the solution
·Building acceptance
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 4. INCREASED TEACHER
PRODUCTIVITY
·Freeing time to work with students by helping with
production and record keeping tasks
·Providing more accurate information quickly
·Allowing teachers to produce better-looking, more
"student-friendly" materials quickly
ELEMENTS FOR USING
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
ELEMENT 5. REQUIRED SKILLS FOR AN
INFORMATION AGE
The final and most compelling reason for integrating
technology into teaching and learning is the need for
students to learn skills that will prepare them to become
lifelong learners in an information society.
·Technology Literacy
SOLOMAN (1995) SAYS THAT "TECHNOLOGY FOR
STUDENTS IS ABOUT ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS".
THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION (ISTE), THE GROUP THAT COLLABORATED
WITH THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE
ACCREDITATION OF TEACHER EDUCATION (NCATE)
TO DEVELOP EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS
FOR PRE-SERVICE PROGRAMS, ALSO DEVELOPED THE
NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY (NET) FOR K-
12 STUDENTS.
·Information Literacy
Johnson and Eisenberg (1996)
introduced the "Big Six" skills
namely,
1) task definition,
2) information-seeking strategies,
3) location and access,
4) use of information,
5) synthesis, and
6) evaluation.
·Visual Literacy
Visual literacy is considered as
subset of technology literacy.
Christopherson (1997) &
Roblyer (1998), emphasized
the need for improved visual
literacy skills so many people
are heavily using images on
visual communications.
