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Module 2 - Formulating Clear Statement of Research Problem

The document discusses formulating clear research problems. It notes the S.M.A.R.T. criteria for evaluating research problems: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-Bound. It then describes the four types of research questions according to Clemente, Julaton, and Orleans (2016): factor-isolating, factor-relating, situation-relating, and situation-producing. Finally, it discusses selecting materials to cite in related literature based on recency, objectivity, relevance, and conciseness.

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208 views34 pages

Module 2 - Formulating Clear Statement of Research Problem

The document discusses formulating clear research problems. It notes the S.M.A.R.T. criteria for evaluating research problems: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-Bound. It then describes the four types of research questions according to Clemente, Julaton, and Orleans (2016): factor-isolating, factor-relating, situation-relating, and situation-producing. Finally, it discusses selecting materials to cite in related literature based on recency, objectivity, relevance, and conciseness.

Uploaded by

genevieve.solis09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 2:

Formulating
Clear Statement
of Research
Problem
As an intelligent recall, Clemente, Julaton & Orleans (2016)
noted some criteria for evaluating whether or not a
research problem or statement is good. May it be
quantitative, or mixed method research, research problem
should bear the S.M.A.R.T characteristics.

Specific -This refers to the quality of being exact or particular.


Research problem statement should be able to communicate 2
the specific inquiry or question that needs to be answered.

Measurable -This is never an issue in a quantitative method of


research. However, in terms of qualitative research method,
the measurability of a research statement refers to its
epistemological aspect or the state of being objectively
observable. More than that, instruments of data-gathering
should be present.
Attainable -The research questions should be easily
answered or achieved when the appropriate procedures are
performed.

Realistic -The possibility of being carried out should always


be observed in formulating the research problem especially
when there is a need for experimentations and
observations. 3

Time-Bound -Time is an important element in the research


work. The research questions should be narrowed enough
to be attained within the set time frame.
DEVELOPING YOUR RESEARCH
QUESTION
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2 PARTS OF
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. GENERAL PROBLEM
2. SPECIFIC PROBLEM
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“
Types of Research
Questions

The following are the four


types of research
questions in terms of their
purpose according to
Clemente, Julaton, and
Orleans (2016)
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1. Factor-isolating questions. The major concern of
these questions is to categorize, label, or name
factors and situations that exist or those that are
present in the perimeter of the research work.

Examples:
What are the difficulties encountered by Senior
High School learners in the New Normal set-up of 19
educational system in the country?

What are the possible contribution that parents and


the community can extend to schools to overcome
the difficulties encountered by Senior High School
learners in the New Normal educational system?
20
2. Factor-relating questions. Establishing
relationships between and among factors that have
been identified is the purpose of these questions.

Examples:
What relationship exists between the socio-
economic status of family to the learning ability of
students? 21

Is there a significant relationship between the


choice of words of learners in essay writing and the
speaking skills of learners?
3. Situation-relating questions. These questions
emphasize the observable changes that happen to
variable/s involved in the study as a result of
experimentation.

Examples:
What is the effect of the modular distance learning
to the learning style and behavior of learners? 22

What are the impacts of flexible learning options


and modalities in the educational system in the
Philippines?
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4. Situation-producing questions. These questions
open the opportunity to create a definite course of
action, policies or conditions in order to accomplish
or to achieve a certain goal.

Examples:
What project could be designed to empower parents
and the community to be involved in the educational 24
system?

What action plan could be proposed to strengthen


the coordination between the family, the community
and the school in achieving relevant education?
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SEATWORK
Identify the characteristic of a good research problem
according to Clemente, Julaton, & Orleans (2016) described in
each number.

_______1. This refers to the quality of being exact or particular.


_______2. The research questions should be narrowed enough
to be attained within the set time frame.
_______3. The research questions should be easily answered or
achieved when the appropriate procedures are performed.

26
SEATWORK
Identify the characteristic of a good research problem
according to Clemente, Julaton, & Orleans (2016) described in
each number.

_______4.The possibility of being carried out should always be


observed in formulating the research problem especially when
there is a need for experimentations and observations.
_______5. With specific criteria that measure your progress
toward the accomplishment of the goal.

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Ethically Selecting,
Citing and
Synthesizing Related
Literature
Related Literature

A research should have a good review of existing


knowledge that it will stand on. A research topic is more
likely to become “researchable” if it is a determined
research gap from the available literature and studies
from various resources.

Literature in its conceptual definition refers to a


collection of written work with a heightened and artistic
use of words may it be fiction or nonfiction. However, in
its operational definition in research, this terminology
refers to published information in a particular subject
area which sometimes covers a certain period of time.
Related Literature

Related literature can come and be taken from the


following types of resources (Clemente, Julaton, &
Orleans, 2016):

A. General references - books, monographs, conference


manuals, research articles, professional journals and
similar documents
B. Primary sources - academic research and university
research journals and reputable organizations
C. Secondary sources - articles, analyses, essays,
newspaper, single or multiple authored textbooks
D. Tertiary resources - books based on secondary
sources that interprets the work of others.
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Characteristics of Materials to be Cited

Calderon and Gonzales (2014) identified the


following characteristics of ideal materials to be
cited.

1. Recency. The materials that should be included


in the review should be recent as much as possible.
For general references, published materials 10
years ago are yet sound and valid. Meanwhile,
primary, secondary and tertiary references within
the last five years are ideal. Archived materials
may also be used as reference for theories and
concepts.
Characteristics of Materials to be Cited

2. Objectivity. Since research is academic and


scholarly, the materials should be fair, objective
and bias-free. It should not favor any extreme and
obvious vested interest aside from delivering facts,
information, and findings.

3. Relevance. The weight of relevance of the


material to the current research undertaking must
be checked. Before citing it, it should bear
essential information to clarify and deepen the
issues and concepts of the research being
conducted. Otherwise, the material should not be
considered for the review.
Characteristics of Materials to be Cited

4. Conciseness. The materials that the review


should have must be sufficient enough, not too
few and not too many, to provide the researcher
and the readers strong insight about the general
and specific problems that the research is trying
to address or answer.

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