Functions past

papers 2017-2021
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(a) It is given that f ^xh = 3e - 4x + 5 for x ! R .

(i) State the range of f. [1]

(ii) Find f -1 and state its domain. [4]

(b) It is given that g ^xh = x 2 + 5 and h ^xh = ln x for x 2 0 . Solve hg ^xh = 2 . [3]

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1 3
The function g is defined, for x 2- , by g (x) = .
2 2x + 1
(i) Show that g l (x) is always negative. [2]

(ii) Write down the range of g. [1]

The function h is defined, for all real x, by h (x) = kx + 3, where k is a constant.

(iii) Find an expression for hg (x) . [1]

(iv) Given that hg (0) = 5, find the value of k. [2]

(v) State the domain of hg. [1]

© UCLES 2017 4037/22/M/J/17

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3 Diagrams A to D show four different graphs. In each case the whole graph is shown and the scales on
the two axes are the same.

A B
y y

O x O x

C D
y y

O x O x

Place ticks in the boxes in the table to indicate which descriptions, if any, apply to each graph. There
may be more than one tick in any row or column of the table. [4]

A B C D

Not a function

One-one
function

A function
that is its own
inverse

A function
with no inverse

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The function f is defined by f ^xh =
1
for x 2 2.5.
2x - 5
(i) Find an expression for f -1 ^xh. [2]

(ii) State the domain of f -1 ^xh. [1]

(iii) Find an expression for f 2 ^xh, giving your answer in the form
ax + b
, where a, b, c and d are
cx + d
integers to be found. [3]

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5 (a) (i) On the axes below, sketch the graph of y = (x + 3) (x - 5) showing the coordinates of the
points where the curve meets the x-axis. [2]

O x

(ii) Write down a suitable domain for the function f (x) = (x + 3) (x - 5) such that f has an
inverse. [1]

(b) The functions g and h are defined by

g (x) = 3x - 1 for x > 1,

4
h (x) = for x ≠ 0.
x

(i) Find hg (x). [1]

(ii) Find (hg)–1(x). [2]

(c) Given that p(a) = b and that the function p has an inverse, write down p–1 (b). [1]

© UCLES 2018 4037/22/M/J/18

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It is given that f (x) = 5e x - 1 for x d R .

(i) Write down the range of f. [1]

(ii) Find f -1 and state its domain. [3]

It is given also that g (x) = x 2 + 4 for x d R .

(iii) Find the value of fg(1). [2]

© UCLES 2019 4037/11/M/J/19

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(a) The functions f and g are defined by
f (x) = 5x - 2 for x 2 1,
g (x) = 4x 2 - 9 for x 2 0 .

(i) State the range of g. [1]

(ii) Find the domain of gf. [1]

(iii) Showing all your working, find the exact solutions of gf (x) = 4 . [3]

Question 12(b) is printed on the next page.

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(b) The function h is defined by h (x) = x 2 - 1 for x G- 1.

(i) State the geometrical relationship between the graphs of y = h (x) and y = h -1 (x) . [1]

(ii) Find an expression for h -1 (x) . [3]

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8 The diagram shows the graph of a cubic curve y = f (x) .

y = f (x)

–2 –1 0 5 x

(a) Find an expression for f (x) . [2]

(b) Solve f (x) G 0 . [2]

© UCLES 2020 4037/11/M/J/20

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9 The function f is defined by f (x) = ln(2x + 1) for x H 0.

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) and hence sketch the graph of y = f -1 (x) on the axes below. [3]

O x

The function g is defined by g (x) = (x - 4) 2 + 1 for x G 4.

(b) (i) Find an expression for g -1 (x) and state its domain and range. [4]

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10 The functions f and g are defined as follows.

f (x) = x 2 + 4x for x ! R

g (x) = 1 + e 2x for x ! R

(a) Find the range of f. [2]

(b) Write down the range of g. [1]

(c) Find the exact solution of the equation fg (x) = 21, giving your answer as a single logarithm. [4]

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11 The functions f and g are defined, for x 2 0 , by
2x 2 - 1
f (x) = ,
3x
1
g (x) = .
x
(a) Find and simplify an expression for fg (x) . [2]

(b) (i) Given that f -1 exists, write down the range of f -1 . [1]

-1 px + qx 2 + r
(ii) Show that f (x) = , where p, q and r are integers. [4]
4

© UCLES 2021 4037/22/M/J/21

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12 Functions f and g are defined, for x 2 0 , by

f (x) = ln x ,
g (x) = 2x 2 + 3.

(i) Write down the range of f. [1]

(ii) Write down the range of g. [1]

(iii) Find the exact value of f -1 g (4) . [2]

(iv) Find g -1 ^xh and state its domain. [3]

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13 The functions f and g are defined for real values of x by

f ^xh = ^x + 2h2 + 1 ,

g ^xh =
x-2 1
, x! .
2x - 1 2
(i) Find f 2 ^- 3h. [2]

(ii) Show that g -1 ^xh = g ^xh. [3]

(iii) Solve gf ^xh =

8
. [4]
19

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The functions f and g are defined for real values of x H 1 by

f (x) = 4x - 3,

2x + 1
g (x) = .
3x - 1

(i) Find gf (x) . [2]

(ii) Find g -1 (x) . [3]

(iii) Solve fg (x) = x - 1. [4]

© UCLES 2018 4037/22/O/N/18

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(a) It is given that f :x7 x for x H 0 ,
g : x 7 x+5 for x H 0 .

Identify each of the following functions with one of f -1, g-1, fg, gf, f 2, g2.

(i) x+5 [1]

(ii) x-5 [1]

(iii) x2 [1]

(iv) x + 10 [1]

b
(b) It is given that h (x) = a + where a and b are constants.
x2
(i) Why is - 2 G x G 2 not a suitable domain for h(x)? [1]

(ii) Given that h (1) = 4 and h l (1) = 16 , find the value of a and of b. [2]

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The functions f and g are defined by

2
f (x) = ln (3x + 2) for x 2 - ,
3
2x
g (x) = e - 4 for x ! R .

(i) Solve gf (x) = 5 . [5]

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(ii) Find f -1 (x) . [2]

(iii) Solve f -1 (x) = g (x) . [4]

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17 f (x) = x 2 + 2x - 3 for x H- 1

(a) Given that the minimum value of x 2 + 2x - 3 occurs when x =- 1, explain why f (x) has an inverse.
[1]

(b) On the axes below, sketch the graph of y = f (x) and the graph of y = f - 1 (x) . Label each graph
and state the intercepts on the coordinate axes.

O x

[4]

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18 (a) f (x) = 4 ln (2x - 1)

(i) Write down the largest possible domain for the function f. [1]

(ii) Find f - 1 (x) and its domain. [3]

(b) g (x) = x + 5 for x ! R

3
h (x) = 2x - 3 for x H
2
Solve gh (x) = 7 . [3]

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Functions answers