Appendix A

A1 Atomic Mass of Common Elements Referred to Carbon-12 1

Element Symbol Atomic mass, g/mol
Aluminum Al 26.9815
Antimony Sb 121.75
Argon Ar 39.948
Arsenic As 74.9216
Barium Ba 137.34
Beryllium Be 9.0122
Bismuth Bi 208.980
Boron B 10.811
Bromine Br 79.904
Cadmium Cd 112.40
Calcium Ca 40.08
Carbon C 12.01
Cerium Ce 140.12
Cesium Cs 132.905
Chlorine Cl 35.453
Chromium Cr 51.996
Cobalt Co 58.9332
Copper Cu 63.546
Fluorine F 18.9984
Gallium Ga 69.72
Germanium Ge 72.59
Gold Au 196.967
Hafnium Hf 178.49
Helium He 4.0026
Hydrogen H 1.00797
Indium In 114.82
Iodine I 126.9044
Iridium Ir 192.2
Iron Fe 55.847
Krypton Kr 83.80
Lead Pb 207.19
Lithium Li 6.939
Magnesium Mg 24.312
Manganese Mn 54.938
Mercury Hg 200.59
Molybdenum Mo 95.94
Neon Ne 20.183
Nickel Ni 58.71
Niobium Nb 92.906
Nitrogen N 14.0067
Oxygen O 15.9994
Palladium Pd 106.4
Phosphorus P 30.9738
Platinum Pt 195.09
Plutonium Pu 242

1. For details see http://www.nist.gov/physlab/data/comp.cfm

323
324 Physical Properties

Element Symbol Atomic mass, g/mol

Potassium K 39.102
Radium Ra 226
Radon Rn 222
Rhodium Rh 102.905
Rubidium Rb 85.47
Selenium Se 78.96
Silicon Si 28.086
Silver Ag 107.868
Sodium Na 22.9898
Strontium Sr 87.62
Sulfur S 32.064
Tantalum Ta 180.948
Tellurium Te 127.60
Thallium Tl 204.37
Thorium Th 232.038
Tin Sn 118.69
Titanium Ti 47.90
Tungsten W 183.85
Uranium U 238.03
Vanadium V 50.942
Xenon Xe 131.30
Yttrium Y 88.905
Zinc Zn 65.37
Zirconium Zr 91.22
Appendix A 325

A2 Physical Properties of Various Chemical Compounds

Name Formula Molecular Liquid @ T(K) Tmelting Tboiling
Mass, g/mol density K K K
Argon Ar 39.948 83.8 87.3
Acetaldehyde C2H4O 44.054 778 293 150.2 293.6
Acetic acid C2H4O2 60.052 1049 293 289.8 391.1
Acetone C3H6O 58.08 790 293 178.2 329.4
Acetylene C2H2 26.038 192.4 189.2
Acrylic acid C3H4O2 72.064 1051 293 285. 414.
Ammonia H3N 17.031 195.4 239.7
Aniline C6H7N 93.129 1022 293. 267. 457.5
Benzaldehide C7H6O 106.124 1045 293. 216. 452.
Benzene C6H6 78.114 885 289 278.7 353.3
Benzoic acid C7H6O2 122.124 1075 403 395.6 523.
Bromine Br2 159.808 3119 293 266 331.9
1,2-Butadiene C4H6 54.092 137. 284.
1,3-Butadiene C4H6 54.092 164.3 268.7
n-Butane C4H10 58.124 134.8 272.7
i-Butane C4H10 58.124 113.6 261.3
n-Butanol C4H10O 74.123 810 293 183.9 390.9
1-Butene C4H8 56.108 87.8 266.9
i-Butene C4H8 56.108 132.8 266.3
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 153.823 1584 298 250. 349.7
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 216.6 194.7
Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 68.1 81.7
Chlorine Cl2 70.906 172.2 238.7
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 112.559 1106 293. 227.6 404.9
Chloroform CHCl3 119.378 1498 293 209.6 334.3
Cyclobutane C4H8 56.108 182.4 285.7
Cyclohexane C6H12 84.162 779 293 279.7 353.9
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 100.161 942 303 298. 434.3
Cyclopentane C5H10 70.135 745 293 179.3 322.4
Cyclopentene C5H8 68.119 772 293 138.1 317.4
Ethane C2H6 30.07 89.9 184.5
Ethanol C2H6O 46.069 789 293 159.1 351.5
Ethyl amine C2H7N 45.085 683 293 192. 289.7
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 88.107 901 293 89.6 350.3
Ethylbenzene C8H10 106.168 867 293 178.2 409.3
Ethylendiamine C2H8N2 60.099 896 293 284. 390.4
Ethyl ether C4H10O 74.123 713 293 156.9 307.7
Ethyl propionate C5H10O2 102.134 895 293 199.3 372.
Ethylene C2H4 28.054 104. 169.4
Ethylene Glycol C2H6O2 62.069 1,114 293 260.2 470.4
Ethylene oxide C2H4O 44.054 161. 283.5
Fluorine F2 37.997 53.5 85
Formaldehide CH2O 30.026 156. 254.
Formic acid CH2O2 46.025 1,226 288 281.5 373.8
Glycerol C3H8O3 92.095 1,261 293 291. 563.
n-Heptane C7H16 100.205 684 293 182.6 371.6
1-Heptanol C7H16O 116.204 822 293 239.2 449.5
1-Heptene C7H14 98.189 697 293 154.3 366.8
n-Hexane C6H14 86.178 659 293 177.8 341.9
1-Hexanol C6H14O 102.177 819 293 229.2 430.2
326 Physical Properties

Name Formula Molecular Liquid @ T(K) Tmelting Tboiling

Mass, g/mol density K K K
Hydrogen H2 2.016 14.0 20.4
Hydrogen bromide HBr 80.912 187.1 206.1
Hydrogen chloride HCl 36.461 159.0 188.1
Hydrogen cyanide CHN 27.026 688 293 259.9 298.9
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 34.08 187.6 212.8
Iodine I2 253.808 3,740 453 386.8 457.5
Isopropyl alcohol C3H8O 60.096 786 293 184.7 355.4
Maleic anhydride C4H2O3 98.058 1,310 333 326. 472.8
Methane CH4 16.043 90.7 111.7
Mercury Hg 200.59 13,546 293 234.3 630.1
Methanol CH4O 32.042 791 293 175.5 337.8
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 74.08 934 293 175. 330.1
Methyl acrylate C4H7O2 86.091 956 293 196.7 353.5
Methyl amine CH5N 31.058 179.7 266.8
Methyl benzoate C8H8O2 136.151 1,086 293 260.8 472.2
Methyl ethyl ketone C4H8O 72.107 805 293 186.5 352.8
Naphtalene C10H8 128.174 971 363 353.5 491.1
Nitric oxide NO 30.006 109.5 121.4
Nitrogen N2 28.013 63.3 77.4
Nitrogen dioxide NO 30.01 112.2 122.2
Nitrogen tetroxide N2O4 46.006 261.9 294.3
Nitrous oxide N2O 44.013 182.3 184.7
Oxygen O2 31.999 54.4 90.2
n-Pentane C5H12 72.151 626 293 143.4 309.2
1-Pentanol C5H12O 88.15 815 293 195 411
1-Pentyne C5H8 68.119 690 293 167.5 313.3
1-Pentene C5H10 70.135 640 293 107.9 303.1
Phenol C6H6O 94.113 1059 314 313 455
Propane C3H8 44.097 85.5 231.1
1-Propanol C3H8O 60.096 804 293 146.9 370.4
Propionic acid C3H6O2 74.08 993 293 252.5 414.
Propylene C3H6 42.081 87.9 225.4
Propylene oxide C3H6O 58.08 829 293 161 307.5
Styrene C8H8 104.152 906 293 242.5 418.3
Succinic acid C4H6O4 118.09 456 508
Sulfur dioxide O2S 64.063 197.7 263.
Sulfur trioxide O3S 80.058 1780 318 290. 318.
Toluene C7H8 92.141 867 293 178. 383.8
Trimethyl amine C3H9N 59.112 156. 276.1
Vinyl chloride C2H3Cl 62.499 119.4 259.8
Water H2O 18.015 998 293 273.2 373.2
o-Xylene C8H10 106.168 880 293 248. 417.6
m-Xylene C8H10 106.168 864 293 225.3 412.3
p-Xylene C8H10 106.168 861 293 286.4 411.5
Appendix A 327

A3 Constants for Antoine’s Equation

log pvap  A  B / (  T ) , pvap is in mm Hg and T is in oC
Compound Formula A B 
Acetaldehyde CH3CHO 7.0565 1070.6 236.0
Acetic acid CH3COOH 7.29963 1479.02 216.81
Acetone CH3COCH3 7.23157 1277.03 237.23
Acetylene C2H2 7.0949 709.1 253.2
Acrylic acid C2H3COOH 7.1927 1441.5 192.66
Ammonia NH3 7.36050 926.132 240.17
Aniline C6H7N 7.2418 1675.3 200.01
Benzaldehide C7H6O 7.1007 1628.005 207.04
Benzene C6H6 6.90565 1211.033 220.790
Benzoic acid C7H6O2 7.45397 1820. 147.96
1,2-Butadiene C4H6 7.1619 1121.0 251.00
1,3-Butadiene C4H6 6.85941 935.531 239.554
n-Butane C4H10 6.83029 945.90 240.00
n-Butanol C3H7CH2OH 7.4768 1632.39 178.83
i-Butane C4H10 6.74808 882.80 240.00
n-Butene C4H8 6.84290 926.10 240.00
i-Butene C4H8 6.84134 923.200 240.00
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 6.8941 1219.58 227.17
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 6.9781 1431.05 217.56
Chloroform CHCl3 6.93707 1171.2 236.01
Cyclobutane C4H8 6.92804 1024.54 241.38
Cyclohexane C6H12 6.84498 1203.526 222.863
Cyclopentane C5H10 6.88678 1124.16 231.37
Cyclopentene C5H8 6.92704 1121.81 233.46
Ethane C2H6 6.80266 656.40 256.00
Ethanol CH3CH2OH 8.16290 1623.22 228.98
Ethyl amine C2H7N 7.38618 1137.3 235.86
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 7.01455 1211.9 216.01
Ethene (Ethylene) C2H4 6.74756 585.00 255.00
Ethylbenzene C6H5C2H5 6.95719 1424.55 213.206
Ethylendiamine C2H8N2 7.12599 1350.0 201.03
Ethyl ether C4H10O 6.98467 1090.64 231.21
Ethyl propionate C5H10O2 7.01907 1274.7 209.0
Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 8.7945 2615.4 244.91
Formaldehyde HCHO 7.1561 957.24 243.0
Formic acid HCOOH 7.37790 1563.28 247.06
Glycerol C3H8O3 7.48689 1948.7 132.96
n-Heptane C7H16 6.90240 1268.115 216.900
1-Heptanol C7H16O 6.64766 1140.64 126.56
1-Heptene C7H14 6.90068 1257.5 219.19
n-Hexane C6H14 6.87776 1171.530 224.366
Hydrogen Bromide HBr 6.28370 539.62 225.30
Hydrogen Chloride HCl 7.167160 744.4906 258.704
Hydrogen cyanide HCN 7.17185 1123.0 236.01
Hydrogen Sulfide H2 S 6.99392 768.1302 247.093
328 Physical Properties

Compound Formula A B 
Iodine (c) I2 9.8109 2901.0 256.00
Isopropyl alcohol C3H8O 8.11822 1580.92 219.62
Maleic anhydride C4H2O3 7.06801 1635.4 191.01
Methane CH4 6.61184 389.93 266.00
Methanol CH3OH 8.07246 1574.99 238.86
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 7.00495 1130.0 217.01
Methyl acrylate C4H7O2 6.99596 1211.0 214.01
Methyl amine CH5N 7.49688 1079.15 240.24
Methyl benzoate C8H8O2 7.04738 1629.4 192.01
Methyl ethyl ketone C4H8O 7.20868 1368.21 236.51
Napththalene C10H8 6.84577 1606.529 187.227
Nitric Oxide NO 8.74300 682.938 268.27
Nitrogen Tetroxide N2O4 7.38499 1185.722 234.18
Nitrous Oxide N2O 7.00394 654.260 247.16
n-Pentane C5H12 6.85221 1064.63 232.000
1-Pentanol C5H12O 7.17758 1314.56 168.16
1-Pentyne C5H8 6.96734 1092.52 227.19
1-Pentene C5H10 6.84648 1044.9 233.53
Phenol C6H5OH 7.13457 1516.072 174.569
Phosphorus Trichloride PCl3 6.8267 1196. 227.0
Phosphine PH3 6.71559 645.512 256.066
Propane C3H8 6.82973 813.20 248.00
1-Propanol CH3CH2CH2OH 6.79498 969.27 150.42
Propionic acid C3H6O2 7.57456 1617.06 205.68
Propene (Propylene) C3H6 6.81960 785.00 247.00
Propylene oxide C3H6O 6.65456 915.31 208.29
n-Propionic Acid CH3CH2COOH 7.54760 1617.06 205.67
Styrene C8H8 6.95709 1445.58 209.44
Sulfur Dioxide SO2 7.28228 999.900 237.190
Sulfur Trioxide SO3 9.05085 1735.31 236.50
Toluene C6H5CH3 6.95464 1344.800 219.482
Trimethyl amine C3H9N 6.97038 968.7 234.01
Vynil chloride C2H3Cl 6.48709 783.4 230.01
Water H2O 7.94915 1657.46 227.03
o-Xylene C6H5(CH3)2 6.99891 1474.679 213.686
p-Xylene C6H5(CH3)2 6.99052 1453.430 215.307