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    Gandhian Phase

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    jayeshmadhu36
    The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919 when British General Dyer ordered his troops to fire upon a peaceful group of unarmed protesters who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. Without warning, the troops fired into the dense crowd of men, women and children, killing hundreds of people. The massacre shocked the nation and led Gandhi to withdraw the Satyagraha movement against the Rowlatt Act.

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    Gandhian Phase

    Uploaded by

    jayeshmadhu36
    8 views2 pages
    The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919 when British General Dyer ordered his troops to fire upon a peaceful group of unarmed protesters who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. Without warning, the troops fired into the dense crowd of men, women and children, killing hundreds of people. The massacre shocked the nation and led Gandhi to withdraw the Satyagraha movement against the Rowlatt Act.

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    Gandi

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    The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919 when British General Dyer ordered his troops to fire upon a peaceful group of unarmed protesters who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. Without warning, the troops fired into the dense crowd of men, women and children, killing hundreds of people. The massacre shocked the nation and led Gandhi to withdraw the Satyagraha movement against the Rowlatt Act.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    Gandhian Phase

    Uploaded by

    jayeshmadhu36
    The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919 when British General Dyer ordered his troops to fire upon a peaceful group of unarmed protesters who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. Without warning, the troops fired into the dense crowd of men, women and children, killing hundreds of people. The massacre shocked the nation and led Gandhi to withdraw the Satyagraha movement against the Rowlatt Act.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Jallianwala Bagh

    The Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act began on 6th April 1919. During the
    Satyagraha, events in Punjab took a tragic turn. The arrest and deportation of the two
    leaders, Dr Satyapal and Dr Kitchlew resulted in a Hartal. The Police firing resulted in
    the mob turning violent and five Europeans were murdered.
    On 11th April, General Dyer took command of the city. He issued an order prohibiting
    public meetings and processions.
    On 13th April 1919, the day of Baisakhi celebrations, a large but unarmed crowd had
    gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh to attend a public meeting.
    General Dyer, outraged that his orders were disobeyed, ordered his troops to open fire
    upon the peaceful and unarmed crowd, without giving them a warning. The Bagh was
    enclosed on three sides and with no means to escape, hundreds of people died.
    The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was followed by severe repression by the government.
    The Punjab atrocities shocked the entire nation. On 18th April, overwhelmed by the total
    atmosphere of violence, Gandhi withdrew the Satyagraha movement.

    Circumstances leading to the Civil Disobedience movement


    The following were the circumstances leading to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
    (1) Reaction against the Simon Commission and the death of Lala Lajpat Rai: The all-
    white Simon Commission came to India to suggest constitutional reforms. It was opposed
    by Indians.
    Indians were angry at the government repression of nationalists that led to the death of
    Lala Lajpat Rai. They were also unhappy with the reforms recommended by Simon
    Commission. The commission had recommended that the Viceroy’s Executive Council
    could not be made responsible to the Central Legislature.
    (2) The Nehru Report: The committee under Motilal Nehru had declared the attainment
    of Dominion status (self-government within the British Commonwealth) as the main
    objective of Indians.
    (3) Indians wanted an assurance from the Viceroy of immediate implementation of
    dominion status in India. The Viceroy did not respond positively. Instead he announced
    the holding of a Round Table Conference in London to discuss the recommendations of
    the Simon commission.
    (4) The Lahore session and demand for complete independence: The Congress at its
    annual session at Lahore (Dec 1929) presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru passed the Purna
    Swaraj resolution. Complete Independence was declared as the goal of the Congress and
    it was decided to launch a civil disobedience movement. 26th January was celebrated as
    Purna Swaraj day.
    (5) Gandhi’s eleven demands: Gandhi sent a letter to the viceroy which put forth eleven
    demands that included reduction of land revenue, abolition of salt tax, protective tariff on
    foreign cloth etc. When the government did not respond to his demands he launched the
    civil disobedience movement.

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