STUDENT

PHYSICS
TUTORIAL BOOK

SEMESTER I
PRF1016
2023/2024

CENTRE FOR
PRE-UNIVERSITY
STUDIES
(STUDENT’s
VERSION)

SULIT
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU TITLE PAGE

1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS 1

2 KINEMATICS OF LINEAR MOTION 4

3 FORCE, MOMENTUM & IMPULSE 6

4 WORK, ENERGY & POWER 11

5 STATIC 16

6 CIRCULAR MOTION 19

7 ROTATION OF A RIGID BODY 22

8 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 25

9 FLUID MECHANICS 28

10 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 31

11 MECHANICAL WAVES 35

12 SOUND WAVES 38

13 HEAT AND TEMPERATURE 41

14 THERMODYNAMICS 43
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 1: PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS

1. Pressure of a liquid is given by 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ. Calculate the pressure if the density

of water, 𝜌 is 1 gcm-3, the acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms-2 and the height
of water, h is 50 cm.

Answer: 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑

2. The volume of a bottle of soft drink is 70 dL. Calculate its volume in cm3 and
m3.

Answer: 7000

3. Three forces F1, F2 and F3 of amount 3 N, 5 N and 6 N are acting on an object

O as shown in the Figure 1. Calculate the horizontal component of the
resultant force, Fx and the vertical component of the resultant force Fy.

y
3N

O 60o
o o
x
30 45
5N

6N

Figure 1
Answer: 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏, −𝟒. 𝟏𝟒

4. Three vectors are described by A = 2i–3j, B = i+j–k and C = 3i–k. Evaluate

B.(A×C)

Answer: -4

1
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

5. Figure 3 shows a hiker walks 2.5 km with a direction 53.1o north of east then
due to the east for 2.0 km. Calculate

North

B 2.0 km

2.5 km
A
C

53.1O
East

Figure 3

(a) the component-x and the component-y of the resultant displacement.

(b) the magnitude of the resultant displacement in km unit.

(c) the angle (˚) of the displacement due to the east.

Answer: 𝟑. 𝟓, 𝟐. 𝟎, 𝟒, 𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟒°

6. Dimensions of a wood block are 75.0 cm × 4.8 cm × 8.36 mm. Calculate the
volume of the wooden block up to the correct number of significant figures.

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟎

7. Planck’s constant h relates the energy E associated with a quantum of

radiation to the frequency f by the equation E = hf. Determine the dimension
of h. Given the unit of energy E is Joule.

Answer: ML2T-1

1 2
Consider the equation of s = ut + at , where s is the displacement, u is the
8. 2
initial velocity at time t and a is the constant acceleration.

(a) Determine the dimensions of the terms on both sides of the equation
using dimension analysis.

(b) Is the equation dimensionally correct?

2
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

9. The pressure of a liquid P depends on its density ρ, the gravity g, and the
height of the liquid column h. Deduce an equation to show the relationship
between these quantities.

Answer: 𝑷 = 𝒌𝝆𝟏 𝒈𝟏 𝒉𝟏
10. Given the equation:

N  Vghd (r − r1 )
ln d  = −  
 Na   kT 

where Nd and Na are number of particles, V is volume, g is gravitational

acceleration, hd is distance, r and r1 are densities, k is Boltzmann's constant
with SI units of Joules per Kelvin, and T is absolute temperature. Determine
if this equation is dimensionally correct.

3
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 2: KINEMATICS OF LINEAR MOTION

1. A ball is dropped from a height of 2.0 m. What is the time taken when the reach the floor?
(𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚 𝑠 −2 )

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟗

2. An object with initial velocity 9.3 ms-1 move along a straight line with constant
acceleration and travels 700 m in 50 s. For the 50 s interval, calculate

(a) the average velocity.

(b) the final velocity.

Answer: 𝟏𝟒, 𝟏𝟖. 𝟕

3. A ball is thrown upwards from the edge of a cliff. If the initial velocity is 45 m s-1.
Determine

(a) the height reached after 2 seconds.

(b) the maximum height.

(c) the time taken to reach 50 m below the initial point of projection.

Answer: 𝟕𝟎. 𝟑𝟖, 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟐𝟏, 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟔

4. A person throws a ball vertically upwards from the edge of a 98 m building and falls to
the ground 6 s after leaving his hand. Assume that his hand is 2 m above the roof of the
building. Determine

(a) the time taken to reach the maximum height.

(b) the maximum height (from the roof of the building).

(c) the velocity of the ball before it strikes the ground.

(d) the position of the ball at 1 s and 5 s after leaving the thrower’s hand.

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎, 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑, −𝟒𝟔. 𝟏, 𝟕. 𝟖𝟔, −𝟓𝟖. 𝟖𝟑

5. Two balls, A and B are thrown simultaneously with the same initial velocity of 9.8 ms -1
from a 14.7 m building. Ball A is thrown vertically upwards whereas ball B is thrown
vertically downwards. How long would ball A and B take to reach the ground?

Answer: 𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟕𝟕, 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟕

4
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

6. A golf ball leaves the ground with a speed of 30 ms-1 at an angle of 30⁰ above the
horizontal. Calculate

(a) the velocity at the height of 5 m above the ground.

(b) the coordinate of the point at maximum height.

Answer: 𝟐𝟖. 𝟑𝟐, (𝟑𝟗. 𝟕𝟐, 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟕)

7. A mortar shell is projected at an angle of 65o above the horizontal and then it finally
stricken a tower, which is located 25 m away. The bullet hits the tower at about 15 m
above the line of projection. Determine the time taken to reach the tower.

Answer: 𝟐. 𝟖𝟎𝟔

8. An airplane moving horizontally with a constant velocity of 60 m s–1 at an altitude of

300 m. The plane released an aid parcel that falls to the ground at 7.82 s. Calculate the
velocity of the parcel just before it hits the ground.

Answer: 𝟗𝟕. 𝟑𝟗

9. A marble rolling at a horizontal speed of 1.8 m s −1rolls off a bench with 1.2 m height.
Determine the distance of the marble from the edge of the bench after it hits the floor for
the first time.

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟖𝟖

5
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 3: FORCE, MOMENTUM & IMPULSE

1. An object of weight 25.0 N is placed on a rough plane inclined at 30o to the horizontal
as shown in Figure 1. The coefficient of kinetic friction of the object and the surface is
0.20. A horizontal force, F acting on the object causes it to moves upward along the
inclined plane with a constant velocity.

Horizontal
force, F

30o

Figure 1

(a) Determine the magnitude of the force, F.

(b) Calculate the frictional force.

Answer: 𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟕, 𝟔. 𝟓𝟑

2. Figure 2 shows a skier has just begun sliding down the 30˚ slope.

Figure 2

(a) Draw the free body diagram for the skier.

(b) If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the skis and the snow is 0.15,
calculate the speed he will reach after 4.0 s

(i) his acceleration.

(ii) his speed after 4.0 s.

Answer: 𝟑. 𝟔𝟑, 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟐

6
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

3. A 68 kg climber is taking a rest and is supported by the friction forces exerted on his
shoes and back as shown in Figure 3. The static coefficient of friction between his shoes
and the wall is 0.7, and between his back and the wall is 0.5.

Figure 3

(a) Draw the free body diagram for the climber.

(b) Determine the minimum normal force he must exerts assuming the walls are
vertical and the friction forces are both at a maximum.

Answer: 𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟗

4. Figure 4 shows a man pushing a 13 kg barrel on a rough inclined plane with 120 N
force. The barrel moves upwards the inclined plane through 3 m with a frictional force
of 5 N. Determine the acceleration of the barrel.
[Given gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s-2]

120 N

35 °

Figure 4

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟓𝟓

7
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

5. Figure 5 shows a 80 kg woman is being rescued from a burning building. Calculate the
tensions in the two ropes, T1 and T2 by assuming that the person is momentarily
motionless.

Figure 5

(a) Sketch the free body diagram.

(b) Calculate tension, T1 and T2 .

Answer: 𝟕𝟕𝟓. 𝟕𝟗, 𝟐03.87

6. Figure 6 shows a 20 kg ball is in equilibrium state which supported from the ceiling
by rope. Rope B pulls downward and to the side on the ball. If the angle of A to the
vertical is 20° and if B makes an angle of 50° to the vertical, calculate the tensions in
ropes A and B.
[Given gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s-2]

Figure 6

Answer: 𝟑00.6, 𝟏34.2

8
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

7. A 5.00 kg brick placed on a frictionless, horizontal table is connected to a string that

passes over a pulley and then is fastened to a hanging 9.00 kg lamp as in Figure 7.

Figure 7

(a) Sketch free body diagrams of both objects.

(b) Calculate the acceleration of the two objects and the tension in the string.

Answer: 𝟔. 𝟑𝟎, 𝟑𝟏. 𝟓𝟎

8. Two spheres, m1 and m2 are connected by a cable that passes over a frictionless pulley
where m2 is placed on a rough inclined plane while m1 is hanging vertically as in
Figure 8. Given mass of m1 = 2.00 kg, mass of m2 = 6.00 kg, the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the plane and m2 is 0.3 and angle θ = 55°.

m2

m1
Figure 8

(a) Sketch free body diagrams of each sphere.

(b) Determine

(i) the accelerations of m1.

(ii) the tension in the string.

(iii) the speed of m1 2.00 s after being released from rest.

Answer: 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏, 𝟐𝟒. 𝟐𝟒, 𝟒. 𝟔𝟐

9
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

9. A ball of mass 2 kg moving with velocity 50 ms-1 hits a wall and bounces back with a
velocity, 30 ms-1 in 0.2 s as shown in the Figure 9.

Figure 9

(a) Determine the momentum of the ball before and after the collision.

(b) Calculate the change in momentum of the ball after the collision.

(c) If the time of collision is 0.2 s, calculate the impulsive force acting on the ball.

Answer: 𝟏𝟎𝟎, −𝟔𝟎, −𝟏𝟔𝟎, −𝟖𝟎𝟎

10. Figure 10 shows a fireworks rocket is moving at a speed of 45 m𝑠 −1 . The rocket

suddenly breaks into two pieces of equal mass, which fly off with velocities 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 .
Calculate the magnitudes velocities of 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 .

𝑣1

30°
60°
𝑣2
45 ms−1

Figure 10

Answer: 𝟕𝟕. 𝟗𝟒 , 𝟒𝟓

10
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 4: WORK, ENERGY & POWER

1. A 1 kg block compresses a spring (k = 100 Nm-1) by 20 cm and is then released to move

across a horizontal, frictionless table, where it hits and compresses another spring (k
= 50Nm-1) as shown in Figure 1. Determine

At first,

Then,

After that,

Figure 1

(a) total mechanical energy in conservative system.

(b) the speed of the mass while moving freely between spring.

(c) the compression of the second spring when it is compressed by the block.

Answer: 𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖

2. A block of mass 2 kg slides 1 m down an inclined plane with an angle of 35o below the
horizontal. If the surface of plane is rough and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20.
Using work-kinetic energy theorem, calculate its final speed if the block starts from
rest.

Answer: 𝟐. 𝟖𝟒

11
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

3. Figure 2 shows an object at a height of 5 m from the ground moves horizontally with
an initial speed of 16 ms-1. Determine the speed of the object when it reaches point A
and point B.

u = 16 ms-1

B
5m
3m
A

smooth surface

Figure 2

Answer: 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟐, 𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟗

4. An elevator has a mass of 1.5 Mg and is carrying 15 passengers through a height of

20m from the ground. If the time taken to lift the elevator to that height is 55 s.
Calculate the average power required by the motor if no energy is lost.
[Given the average mass per passenger is 55 kg].

Answer: 𝟖𝟐𝟗𝟒

5. Figure 3 shows a skier slides down a very smooth, 15m high slope. If the speed of the
skier on the top of the slope is 5.0 m s-1, what is his speed at the bottom of the slope?

Figure 3

Answer: 17.86
12
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

6. A bicyclist going down a 10˚ hill at a steady speed of 5.0 msˉ1. Determine the cyclist
power output to climb the same hill at the same speed.
[Given the total mass of cyclist and his bicycle is 75kg]

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑

7. Figure 4 shows a 2 kg box is released from rest and slides down a frictionless surface
to a spring which is located at the end of a wall. The initial height of the box is 0.50 m
above the lowest part of the slide and the spring constant is 450 Nm−1.
[Given gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 ms −2 ]

Figure 4

(a) Is the total mechanical energy conserved in this system? State your reason.

(b) Determine

(i) the maximum compression of the spring.

(ii) the maximum height the box can reach if the spring sends the box back to
the left.

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟗, 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟏

13
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

8. Figure 5 shows a 2 kg box is pushed against a spring with a spring constant of

400 N m−1 compressing it 0.220 m. When the box is released, it moves along a
frictionless horizontal surface and then up a frictionless inclined with a slope of 37.0°.
[Given gravitational acceleration, 𝑔 = 9.81 m s−2]

Figure 5

(a) the speed of the box as it slides along the horizontal after having left the spring.

(b) the speed of the box when it has moved 0.10 m along the inclined plane.

(c) the maximum height the box can reach on the inclined plane, before coming to
rest and then sliding back down.

Answer: 𝟑.111 , 𝟐. 𝟗𝟏𝟓 , 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟑

9. Figure 6 shows a 3 kg box starts to move down an inclined plane with initial speed
of 5 ms -1 . It travels along the smooth surface and finally compresses the spring which
has the spring constant of 400 Nm -1 . Determine the maximum compression of the
spring.
−2
[Given gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s ]

h=0.8m

Figure 6

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟐

14
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

10. Figure 7 represents 3 kg object moves along the x-axis with variable force, F . This
force varies with the distance travelled, x and given the speed of the object at x = 0
is 10 m s −1 .

Figure 7

(a) the work done by F when the object moves from 0 to 7 m .

(b) the speed of the object at x = 5 m by using work-kinetic energy theorem.

Answer: 𝟏0, 𝟏0.49

15
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 5: STATIC

1. Forces F1 and F2 of 20 N and 40 N respectively are applied at 60 cm and 20 cm from

Point A as shown in Figure 1. The beam is pivoted at 40 cm from Point A. Given a
1 kg uniform beam length is 100 cm.

Figure 1

(a) Calculate the reaction force at the pivoted point.

(b) Determine whether the rod is in equilibrium.

Answer: 69.81

2. A 3 kg block P is placed on a rough horizontal surface. It is attached to a block Q by a

very light string fixed at point X as shown in Figure 2. The weight of block Q is slowly
increased to a maximum of 8 N before block P starts to slide.

X
o
50
Block P
O

Block Q

Figure 2

(a) Draw FBD for point O and block P if the system is in equilibrium.

(b) Determine the coefficient of static friction between block P and the rough
surface.

Answer: 0.32

16
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

3. A uniform rod AB of weight 50 N is smoothly hinged at Point A and a 70 N object is

hung at Point B as shown in Figure 3. The rod is kept in a horizontal position by a
light string.

o
30 string

A 60° B
L 3L

Figure 3

(a) Draw a suitable free body diagram to determine the value of tension in the
string.

(b) Draw a suitable free body diagram to determine the magnitude of resultant
reaction force exerted at point A.

Answer: 438.79, 340.20

4. A ladder AB of length 6 m and weight of 80 N leans at an angle of 30o against a smooth

wall as shown in Figure 4. The lower end of the ladder is resting on a rough floor.
The center of mass of the ladder is 2 m from the lower end.

o
30

Figure 4

(a) Sketch the free body diagram of the ladder.

(b) Determine the magnitude of resultant force at point A.

(c) Determine the magnitude of resultant force at point B.

Answer: 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟕, 𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟎

17
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

5. A uniform ladder AB with mass of 4 kg and length of 10 m leans against a smooth

wall and its base rests on a rough surface as shown in Figure 5. A man whose weight
is 550 N stands at point C on the ladder where BC = 4 m.

o
50 B

Figure 5

(a) Sketch and label the forces acting on the ladder.

(b) Calculate

(i) the reaction force exerted at point A.

(ii) the reaction force exerted at point B.

(iii) the frictional force at the base of the ladder.

(iv) the coefficient of static friction.

Answer: 201.07, 589.24, 201.07, 0.34

18
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 6: CIRCULAR MOTION

1. Figure 1 shows a 5 kg metal sphere is attached to a vertical wooden rod by two

strings. The sphere rotates in a horizontal circle of radius 1.30 m at constant speed of
6 m s-1. Determine the tension T1 and T2.

T1

o
50
o
50 metal sphere

wooden rod T2

Figure 1

Answer: 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟗, 𝟕𝟓. 𝟔𝟓

2. A sphere of mass 2 kg is attached to the end of a 50 cm string and tied to a point P.

The sphere moves in a horizontal circle of a radius r with linear velocity of 0.3 ms-1 on
the smooth surface of a cone as shown in Figure 2.

o
15
O

r
Q

Figure 2

(a) Draw FBD on the sphere and determine the direction of the centripetal force.

19
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

(b) Calculate

(i) the radius, r.

(ii) the angle θ if point O is the midpoint between distance P and Q.

(iii) the centripetal acceleration of the sphere.

(iv) the tension of the string.

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑, 𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟕, 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗, 𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟏

3. A race car is driven on a roundabout with 10 m radius as shown in Figure 3. The

coefficient between the tires and the track is µk = 1.2.

Figure 3

(a) Draw the free body diagram of the car.

(b) Calculate the speed of the car that enables it to travel around the curve without
skidding.

Answer: 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

20
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

4. Figure 4 shows a Ferris wheel with a diameter of 50 m and takes 5 minutes to

complete a revolution. A person of mass 55 kg takes ride on it.

Figure 4

(a) Write the equation of the forces involved at the lowest point on the person in the
basket.

(b) Determine the speed of the person in the basket.

Answer: 0.52

5. Figure 5 shows a conical pendulum with the bob of the pendulum whirling in a
horizontal circle with a constant velocity so that the string attached to the bob is
inclined at an angle 75º to the horizontal. The length of the string is 25 cm.

o
75

Figure 5

(a) Determine the linear velocity of the bob.

(b) Determine the angular velocity of the bob.

Answer: 0.412, 6.338

21
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 7: ROTATION OF A RIGID BODY

1. The angular displacement of a swinging door at a certain period of time is described

by:

𝜃 = 5.00 + 10.0𝑡 + 2.0𝑡 2

where  is in radians and t is in seconds. Calculate the angular displacement, angular

speed and angular acceleration at t = 0 s and t = 3.00 s.

Answer: 𝟓. 𝟎𝟎, 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎, 𝟒. 𝟎, 𝟓𝟑. 𝟎, 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎, 𝟒. 𝟎

2. A car is moving with a velocity of 18.0 m s−1 on a straight horizontal highway. The
car’s wheels have a radius of 47.0 cm. The car then speeds up with an acceleration of
2.00 m s−2 for 4.00 s. Determine

(a) the number of revolutions of the wheels during this period.

(b) the angular speed of the wheels after 4.00 s.

Answer: 𝟐𝟗. 𝟖𝟏, 𝟓𝟓. 𝟑𝟒

3. A wheel of a bus rotates with a constant acceleration of 2.50 rad s-2. The initial angular
speed of wheel is 3.00 rad s-1 and it is accelerated in 2.00 s. Determine

(a) the angle does the wheel rotate.

(b) the number of revolutions made by the wheel.

(c) the angular speed of the wheel.

Answer: 𝟔𝟑𝟎. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓, 𝟖. 𝟎

4. The truck is travelling at 36.0 ms-1 and the radius of the truck’s tire is 1.20 m. After
the brakes are applied, the truck slows uniformly and is brought to rest after the tires
rotate through 40.2 turns. Determine

(a) the initial angular speed of the tires.

(b) the angular acceleration of the tires.

(c) the distance does the truck travel before coming to rest.

Answer: 𝟑𝟎. 𝟎𝟎, −𝟏. 𝟕𝟖, 𝟑𝟎𝟑. 𝟏𝟎

22
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

5. (a) When the electric motor of a grinding wheel is switched off, the wheel is at
angular speed 100 rpm and decelerate at 2.0 rads-2. Determine the time taken
and the number of turns that the wheel makes before it comes to a complete
stop.

(b) A cooling fan is turned off when it is running at 850 rpm. It turns 1500
revolutions before it stops. Calculate the angular acceleration of the fan.

Answer: 𝟓. 𝟐𝟒, 𝟒. 𝟑𝟔, −𝟎. 𝟒𝟐

6. A blade of a giant ceiling fan at UNIMAS has a radius of 2 m. The blade is rotating
with an initial angular velocity of 0.75 rev s-1. The angular acceleration of the blade
is 1.50 rev s-2. Determine:

(a) the final angular velocity after 5 s.

(b) the number of revolutions made by the blade in this time interval.

(c) the tangential acceleration of a point of the blade at t = 5 s.

(d) the centripetal acceleration at t = 5 s.

(e) the resultant acceleration.

Answer: 51.81, 22.49, 18.84, 5368.55, 5368.58

7. Four particles of masses 3 kg, 6 kg, 3.5 kg and 7.5 kg are arranged respectively along
a rod of negligible mass as shown in Figure 1. Determine the distance of the center
of mass from the end O.

3 kg 6 kg 3.5 kg 7. 5 kg
O

1.7 m 2.2 m 2.0 m

Figure 1

Answer: 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏

23
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

8. (a) Define moment of inertia of a rigid body.

(b) State the factors that determine the moment of inertia of a rigid body.

(c) Figure 2 shows 8.0 kg disc with radius of 60.0 cm. Determine the moment of
inertia
60 30 cm
cm

G X

Figure 2

(i) at point G.

(ii) at point X.
1
[Given, I = 2MR2]

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟒𝟒, 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔

9. A 55 kg woman riding a bike puts all her weight on each pedal when climbing a hill.
The pedals rotate in a circle of radius 17 cm. Determine the maximum torque she
exerts on the pedal.
[Given gravitational acceleration, 𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚 𝑠 −2]

Answer: 91.72

10. (a) Determine the magnitude of the angular momentum of a golf ball
(𝑚 = 4.00 × 10−2 kg, 𝑅 = 2.00 × 10−2 m) spinning at 3980 rpm after a good hit
with a driver.

(b) A bowling ball of mass 7.3 kg and radius 9.0 cm rolls without slipping down a
lane at 3.3 𝑚 𝑠 −1. Calculate its total kinetic energy.

Answer: 𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 , 𝟓𝟔

24
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 8: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

1. Sketch the graph of force and potential energy versus separation, r. Label ro and r1.
Explain each term.

2. Define the following terms

(a) Stress

(b) Strain

(c) Young’s Modulus

3. The potential energy of two atoms in a molecule is given by

A 3B
U = −
r 12 r 6
where r is the separation of the atoms and A and B are constants. Determine

(a) the equation of force between the atoms in term of A and B .

(b) ro at which U is a minimum in term of A and B .

𝟏⁄
𝟐𝑨 𝟔
Answer: (𝟑𝑩)

4. The interatomic potential energy between two atoms is written as:

A B
U =6
− 12
r r
where A and B are constants and r is the separation distance between the atoms.
Determine the expression

(a) for force between the atoms in terms of A and B.

(b) for equilibrium separation distance, r0 in terms of A and B.

(c) for potential energy at the equilibrium separation distance, r0.

5. A 1.6 m piece of brass wire is attached to 2.2 m length of steel wire in a vertical
direction. A 200 kg mass is attached to one end and they extend by 0.05 m. Cross
sectional area of both wires is equal. Determine the elongation for each wire.
[Given Ybrass = 1 × 1011 N m-2, Ysteel = 2 × 1011 N m-2]

Answer: 0.0296, 0.0204

25
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

6. Thin steel wire initially 1.5 m long and of diameter 0.50 mm is suspended from a rigid
support. A mass of 3 kg is attached to the lower end of the wire. Young’s modulus for
steel = 2.0  1011 N m−2. Calculate

(a) the extension of the wire

(b) the energy stored in the wire.

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 , 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑

7. A copper wire LM is fused at end, M to an iron wire MN. The copper wire has length
1.0 m and cross-sectional area 1.0 × 10-6 m2. The iron has length 1.40 m and cross-
sectional area 1.30 × 10-6 m2. The compound wire is stretched, and the total length
increased by 0.02 m.
[Given Young’s modulus of iron Yiron is 2.10 × 1011 Pa and Young’s modulus of copper
Ycopper is 1.30 × 1011 Pa].

Determine

(a) the ratio of the extension of copper wire to the extension of iron wire.

(b) the extension of iron wire.

(c) the applied force to the compound wire.

Answer: 1.5,𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ,1560

8. A copper wire is 4 m long and 3 mm in diameter. It stretches 1 mm when a body is

suspended from its end.
[Given Young’s Modulus for copper, 𝑌Cu = 1.2×1011 N m−2 ]

(a) Define Young Modulus.

(b) Determine the mass of the body.

Answer: 21.62

26
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

9. A wire of cross-sectional area 0.5 m2 and length 20 cm is pulled at both ends by

identical forces 50 N . Determine

(a) the stress of the wire.

(b) the strain if there is an extension of 0.5 cm.

(c) the Young’s modulus of the wire.

(d) the total amount of energy stored in the stretched wire.

Answer: 100, 0.025, 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 , 0.125

10. A wire has a mass of 10.0 g and length 2.50 m. A force of 100 N is applied to the wire
and extends it by 2.3 mm.
[Given the density of the wire, ρ = 2.7 × 103 kg m−3 ]

Determine

(a) the cross-sectional area of the wire.

(b) the Young’s modulus of the wire.

(c) the strain energy stored in the wire.

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 , 𝟕. 𝟑𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 , 0.115

27
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 9: FLUID MECHANICS

1. Figure 1 shows a hydraulic press. The cross-sectional area of piston Q is 25 cm2 and the
cross-sectional area of piston P is 200 times the cross-sectional area of piston Q.
Load

P Q

Figure 1

(a) Calculate the pressure on piston P that is required to raise a load of 500 N on piston
Q.

(b) If piston P is pushed down a distance of 2 cm, determine the height of piston Q.

Answer: 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 , 4

2. Determine the radius of a hydrogen-filled balloon that would carry a load of 5700 N when
the density of air is 1.29 kg m-3. Consider the system is in equilibrium.
[Given: g = 9.81 m s−2, ρhydrogen = 0.0899 kg m-3, mass of balloon = 500 kg].

Answer: 𝟓. 𝟗𝟗

28
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

3. Figure 2 shows a water pump exerts 1.2 atm pressure at point A through a system of pipes.
The cross-sectional area pipes A and B are 6.0 cm2 and 2.0 cm2 respectively.
[Given density of water = 1000 kgm-3, 1 atm pressure = 1.01 X 105 Pa]

Pump A B

Figure 2
Determine

(a) the speed of water in pipe B.

(b) the volume flow rate of water in the system.

Answer: 𝟔. 𝟕𝟓, 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑

4. Water flows in a horizontal pipe A with speed of 2.5 m s−1 and the pressure is 2.2 x 105 Pa.
The water then flows into a narrower pipe B which is horizontal, and the cross-sectional
1
area of pipe B is of pipe A.
4
[Given density of water,  water = 1 × 103 kg m−3 ]

Calculate

(a) the speed of water in pipe B.

(b) the pressure of the water in pipe B.

Answer: 10, 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓

5. Suppose that a spherical raindrop falls from rest has a radius of 2.0 mm. The coefficient of
viscosity of air is 18.1 μPa s and the flow of air is assumed to be steady.
[Given ρair is 1.225 kgm-3, ρraindrop is 1000 kgm-3]

(a) Explain in term of velocity and acceleration when the raindrop

(i) initially falls.

(ii) reaches its terminal velocity.

(b) Draw the FBD of the raindrop.

(c) Calculate the terminal velocity of the raindrop.

Answer: 481.18
29
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

6. Figure 3 shows a stone of weight 63 N is tied to a spring scale and immersed completely
into a container filled with water. The reading of the scale is 47.6 N.
[Given density of water, 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1 × 103 kg m−3 ]

Figure 3

(a) Calculate the volume of the stone.

(b) Calculate the density of the stone.

(c) If the stone is then immersed completely into ethanol of density 790 kg m−3, calculate
the reading of the scale.

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 , 𝟒. 𝟎𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 , 50.8

30
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 10: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

1. Figure 1 shows the graph for a particle in simple harmonic motion (SHM).

y (cm)

0.6 1.2 t (s)

-4

Figure 1

(a) Determine

(i) the amplitude.

(ii) the period.

(iii) the frequency.

(b) Write the displacement equation in the form of y = yo cos (t +  ) .

(c) Determine the velocity and acceleration equation of the particle.

Answer: 0.04, 1.2, 0.83

2. The equation of a particle that is performing SHM is given by x = 10 sin t , where x in

meter and t in second. If the period of the oscillation is 30 s, determine

(a) the amplitude.

(b) the maximum velocity of the particle

(c) the maximum acceleration of the particle.

(d) the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the particle when t = 15 s.

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Answer: 𝟏𝟎, 𝟑 𝝅, 𝟒𝟓
𝝅 , 𝟎, − 𝟑 𝝅, , 𝟎

31
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

3. Write down an expression (sine function) for the displacement of the motion if the particle
is +1.0 cm from the equilibrium position at t = 0 s. A particle undergoes SHM on a straight
line with amplitude 3.0 cm and frequency 5.0 Hz. Assume that displacement to the right
side of the equilibrium position is positive.

4. The displacement x of an object that undergoing linear SHM is given by the expression
below:
x = 3.5sin ( 8 t + 0.25 )

where x and t are measured in cm and second respectively. Determine

(a) the amplitude, frequency and period of the oscillation.

(b) the phase at t = 0.02 s and t = 1.2 s.

(c) the displacements at the instants mentioned above.

Answer: 𝟑. 𝟓, 𝟒, 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝝅, 𝟗. 𝟖𝟓𝝅, 𝟑. 𝟑𝟔, −𝟏. 𝟓𝟗

5. (a) Prove that the acceleration of SHM is a = − 2 x from the equation of x = A sin t

(b)
Prove that v =  A − x by using the relationship between velocity, v and
2 2

displacement, x.

6. Figure 2 shows the graph of the forces acting on a particle of mass 2 kg. Determine
F (N)

20

x (m)
- 0.1 0.1

- 20

Figure 2

(a) the amplitude.

(b) the angular frequency, period, and maximum velocity of the particle.

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟏, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑, 𝟏

32
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

7. The motion of an object that undergoes simple harmonic motion begins at its equilibrium
position. It completes 20 cycles in 5 seconds with an amplitude of 9 cm.

(a) Write an equation of displacement in terms of time.

(b) Sketch a graph that shows the displacement as a function of time.

8. (a) The displacement of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is described as

equation below
𝑥 = 15 sin(14𝜋𝑡 + 2𝜋)

where the amplitude is in cm, time is in s and phase constant is in rad. Determine

(i) the displacement when 𝑡 = 0.6 s

(ii) the velocity when 𝑡 = 0.6 s.

(iii) the acceleration when 𝑡 = 0.6 s.

Answer: 14.26, 2.03, –275.96

(b) Figure 3 shows a graph of the potential energy, U with displacement x from
equilibrium for a 3 kg object that performs simple harmonic motion. Determine the
force on the object when 𝑥 = 0.2 m.

U(J)

14

x (m)
−0.4 0.4

Figure 3

Answer: – 34.93

33
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

9. A 300 g mass vibrates according to the equation 𝑥 = 0.38 sin(6.50𝑡), where x is in meters
and t is in seconds.

(a) Calculate the frequency.

(b) Calculate the total energy.

(c) Calculate the kinetic energy and potential energy when 𝑥 = 9.0 𝑐𝑚.

(d) Sketch the graph of x vs t showing the correct amplitude and period.

Answer: 1.034, 0.92, 0.051, 0.86

10. The motion of a particle that undergoes simple harmonic motion begins at its maximum
displacement of +20 cm. Its motion repeats every 4.0 s.

(a) Determine the amplitude of the motion.

(b) Calculate the frequency of the motion.

(c) Determine the angular velocity of the motion.

(d) Write an equation to describe the motion of the particle.

(e) Calculate its maximum velocity.

(f) Sketch a graph that shows the acceleration as a function of time.

(g) Determine the position of the particle at 𝑡 = 50 𝑚𝑠.

Answer: 0.2, 0.25, 1.57, 0.314, 0.19

34
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 11: MECHANICAL WAVES

1. Differentiate between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.

2. Define the following terms

(a) amplitude

(b) frequency

(c) period

(d) wavelength

(e) wave number

3. Distinguish between particle vibrational velocity and wave propagation velocity.

4. A wave on a string has a wave function given by:

𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 0.02 𝑠𝑖𝑛[6.35𝑥 + 2.63𝑡]
where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds.

Determine

(a) the amplitude of the wave.

(b) the period of the wave.

(c) the wavelength of the wave.

(d) the speed of the wave.

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐, 𝟐. 𝟑𝟗, 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗, 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐

35
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

5. A wave travelling on a string has the equation of motion given by:

𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 0.02 𝑠𝑖𝑛 [5𝑥 + 8𝑡]

where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds.

(a) Calculate the wavelength and the frequency of the wave.

(b) Calculate its velocity.

(c) If the linear mass density of the string is  = 0.10 kgm-3 , what is the tension on
the string?
Answer: 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔, 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕, 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎, 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔

6. A progressive wave is represented by the equation

10𝜋𝑥
𝑦 = 0.2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (100𝜋𝑡 − )
13

where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds.

(a) Calculate the frequency, wavelength, and speed of the wave.

(b) What is the phase difference between a point 0.25 m from O and another point
0.75 m from O?

(c) Write the wave equation of a progressive wave having twice amplitude, twice
frequency and moving in the opposite direction in the same medium.

Answer: 50, 2.6, 130, 1.21

7. Figure 1 shows a graph of displacement, y against distance, x after time, t for the
progressive wave which propagates to the right with a speed of 20 cm s-1.

y (cm)

1 2 3 4 x (cm)

Figure 1
(a) Determine the wave number and frequency of the wave.

(b) Write the expression of displacement as a function of x and t for the wave above.

Answer: 𝟑𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟔, 𝟏𝟎

36
 TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

8. Two progressive wave equations are given by:

y1 (x, t ) = 3 sin(0.6t + x )
y 2 (x, t ) = 3 sin(0.6t − x )
where y1 , y2 and x are in centimeters and t is in seconds.

(a) If these two waves are superimposed, is there any wave produced? If yes, state the
reason.

(b) Refer to your answer in 8 (a), show the wave equation.

(c) Refer to your answer in 8 (b), determine the amplitude of the wave.

Answer: 𝟔

 x 
A progressive wave equation is given by y(x , t ) = 5.5 sin 2 t −  , where x and y are in
 10 
9.
centimeters and t is in seconds. Given that the wave is at x = 2 cm and t = 4 s .
Determine

(a) the velocity of the particle with respect to t.

(b) the acceleration of the particle with respect to t.

Answer: 27.96, 127.62

10. A transverse wave on a wire has an amplitude of 0.2 mm and a frequency of 500 Hz . It
travels at a speed of 196 m s −1 to the right. Write the wave equation in SI unit.

37
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 12: SOUND WAVES

Note: Use 1.0×10-12 Wm-2 as the threshold of hearing and 343 m/s as speed of sound waves
in air.

1. A standing wave in an open organ pipe has a frequency of 660 Hz. The next higher
harmonic has a frequency of 880 Hz. Determine the length of the organ pipe.

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖

2. A stretched wire of length 80 cm and mass 12 g vibrates transversely. Waves travel

along the wire at speed 220 m s–1. Three antinodes can be found in the stationary
waves formed in between the two fixed ends of the wire.

(a) Sketch and label the waveform of the progressive wave which move along the
wire

(b) Determine:

(i) the frequency of the vibration of the wire.

(ii) the tension in the wire

Answer: 𝟒𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟓, 𝟕𝟐𝟔

3. A mooing cow delivers about 5mW of power, which is assumed to be uniformly

distributed in all directions.

(a) Determine the intensity level at a distance 5.65 m from the cow.

(b) Determine the intensity level at the same point if three identical cows very close
to each other mooing?

Answer: 𝟕𝟎, 𝟕𝟓. 𝟕𝟑

4. Two musical instruments, flute which is an open pipe and clarinet, a pipe with one
end closed, have the same length. Given the fundamental frequency of the flute is
253Hz.

(a) Determine the frequency for second overtone of the clarinet?

(b) When a closed organ pipe is played along with the clarinet, a 1.2Hz beat
frequency is heard; this beat frequency is generated by the first overtone of the
organ pipe and the second overtone of the clarinet. Determine the length of the
organ pipe.

Answer: 𝟔𝟑𝟑. 𝟑, 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟓 @ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟕

38
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

5. A string fixed at both ends has sequential order of standing wave which the distances
between adjacent nodes are 18 cm and 16 cm respectively. If the tension is 10 N and
the linear mass density is 4 g m–1, calculate the fundamental frequency.

Answer: 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟔

6. A police car with 800 Hz siren is travelling at 35 m s–1 approaching a cyclist who is
standing along the roadside. What frequency is heard by the cyclist if the cyclist

(a) did not move from the roadside.

(b) cycling away from the police car with a speed of 15.50 m/s.

(c) cycling towards the police car.

(d) remain standing along the roadside and police car moves away from the cyclist.

(e) approaches the police car when the police car is stationary.

(f) cycling away from the stationary police car.

Answer: 𝟖𝟗𝟎. 𝟗𝟎, 𝟖𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟒, 𝟗𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟕, 𝟕𝟐𝟓. 𝟗𝟐, 𝟖𝟑𝟔. 𝟏𝟓, 𝟕𝟔𝟑. 𝟖𝟒

7. A bat at rest emits an ultrasonic sound wave at 45.0 kHz and received them back
from an object which moves away from it with a speed of 20.0 m/s. Determine the
received sound frequency.

Answer: 𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝟒

8. A wire stretched between two points 0.6 m apart is plucked near one end. The speed
of transverse progressive wave along the wire 600 m s −1 .

(a) Draw the fundamental mode of stationary waves produced in the wire that fixed
at both ends.

(b) Calculate the four lowest frequency that could cause the standing wave
patterns.

Answer: 𝟓𝟎𝟎, 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎

39
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

9. The intensity level at a distance of 15 m from a loudspeaker is 102 dB. If the sound
from the loudspeaker radiates uniformly over a hemisphere in front of it, calculate
the power of the sound transmitted from the speaker.

Answer: 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑

10. Sally is driving along a highway at 35 ms-1 when she hears the siren of a police car
approaching her from behind and the observed frequency is1370 Hz. After the police
car past her, the observed frequency becomes 1330 Hz. Calculate the frequency of the
siren.

Answer: 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎

40
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 13: HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

1. (a) The length of mercury which is placed in ice and boiling water is 2 cm and 17
cm respectively. Calculate the temperature if the length of mercury is 12 cm.

Answer: 66.67

(b) The resistance of an unknown liquid measured by using resistance thermometer

is 4.05 Ω at 0 oC and 4.35 Ω at 100 oC. Determine the temperature of the liquid
when the resistance is 3.85  .

Answer: – 66.7

2. A particular constant-volume gas thermometer registers a pressure of 1.937  104 Pa

at the triple point of water and 2.618  104 Pa at the boiling point of a liquid. Calculate
the temperature of the boiling point in Celsius scale.

Answer: 𝟗𝟔. 𝟎𝟓

3. At 20 °C, the surface area of a sheet of lead is 600 cm2.

[Given the coefficient of linear expansion for lead is 29 × 10-6 °C-1]

Determine:

(a) the change in the lead sheet surface area if it is heated to 90 °C..

(b) the new surface area of the lead sheet.

Answer: 𝟐. 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 , 𝟔𝟎𝟐. 𝟒𝟒

4. (a) An aluminium rod is 50.00 cm long at 10 °C. What is its length at a temperature
of 120 °C?
[Given the coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24 × 10-6 °C-1].

Answer: 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟐

(b) The length of copper wire at 20 o C is 4.5 m . Calculate its new length when the
temperature is 95o C .
[Given coefficient of linear expansion,  = 1.7 10−5 o C−1 ]

Answer: 4.51

(c) A steel ball has a radius of 10 cm at 20 oC. Determine the magnitude of the
change in its volume when the temperature is lowered to -20 oC.
[Given the coefficient of linear expansion of steel is 11.7 x 10-6 oC-1]

Answer: 𝟓. 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔

41
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

5. A refrigerator door is 1.5 m high, 0.8 m wide and 0.06 m thick. If the thermal
conductivity is 0.05 Wm-1˚C-1 and the inner and outer surfaces are at 0 ˚C and 30 ˚C,
respectively. Determine the heat loss per minute through the door.

Answer: 1800

6. One end of a copper rod of cross-sectional area 1.0 cm2 is held at a constant
temperature of 150°C and the other end is exposed to air at room temperature of 30°C.
Calculate the rate of heat flow through the rod if the rod of length 10.0 cm is well
insulated.
[Given thermal conductivity of copper is 400 W m-1°C-1]

Answer: 48

7. A composite rod is made of copper and iron of equal length and cross-sectional area
and joint end to end with the copper end maintained at a temperature of 80°C. The
iron end is maintained at 20 °C. If the rods are well insulated, determine the steady
state temperature of the junction between the two rods.
[Given thermal conductivity of copper is 400 W m-1°C-1 and thermal conductivity of
iron is 70 W m-1 °C-1]

Answer: 71

8. Two metal bars, one silver and the other copper, each is 5.00 cm long and has a square
cross-section 2.00 cm on a side. Both rods are not in contact with each other but set-
up in parallel with each other between a steam chamber at a temperature of 100 oC
at one end, and an ice water bath of 0 oC, at the other. How much heat flows through
the two bars in 1.00 minute?
[Given thermal conductivity of copper is 385 Wm-1 K-1 and thermal conductivity of
silver is 406 Wm-1 K-1]

Answer: 38

9. (a) A tungsten sphere with radius 5 cm is suspended within a large evacuated

enclosure whose walls are at 300 K. Calculate the net power that is required to
maintain the sphere at a temperature of 2000 K if heat conduction along the
support is neglected.
[Given emissivity of tungsten, 𝑒 = 0.35 and Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
𝜎 = 5.67 × 10−8 W m−2 K −4 ]

(b) Calculate the power that radiated by a tungsten sphere of radius 22 cm at a

temperature of 25 o C .
[Given emissivity of tungsten, e = 0.35 and Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
−8 −2 −4
 = 5.67 10 Wm K ]

Answer: 𝟗. 𝟓𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 , 95.66

42
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

LU 14: THERMODYNAMICS

1. Define the following terms:

(a) Boyle’s Law

(b) Charle’s law

(c) Gay-Lussac’s Law

(d) Ideal Gas

(e) Thermodynamics

(f) First Law of Thermodynamics

(g) Isothermal

(h) Isovolumetric

(i) Isobaric

(j) Adiabatic

2. (a) A gas cylinder has a volume of 0.035 m3 and contains air at a pressure of 1.8 MPa.
If the temperature remains constant, calculate the volume of air at atmospheric
pressure.
[Given:1 atm = 1.0 × 105 𝑃𝑎]

Answer: 0.63

(b) One mole of helium gas, initially at P1 = 1 atm, T1 = 0 oC undergoes an

isovolumetric process in which its pressure falls to half its initial value.
Determine the final temperature of the gas.

Answer: 136.58

3. (a) The volume of a gas expands at a constant pressure of 50.5 kPa from 0.125 m3
to 0.135 m3. Determine the work done by the gas.

Answer: 505

(b) The volume of 1.5 mole of an ideal gas at 20 ˚C expands isothermally from
3.0 × 10-3 m3 to 18 × 10-3 m3. Determine the work done by the gas.

Answer: 6.55k

43
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

4. An ideal gas absorbs 1000 J of heat as it expands from its initial volume of 1.0 x 10-3
m3 to a final volume of 2.0 x 10-3 m3 under a constant pressure of 2.0 x 104 Pa. What
is the change in the internal energy of the gas?

Answer: 𝟗𝟖𝟎

5. If 100 J of heat is added to a system that does 40 J of external work, by how much is
the internal energy of the system raised?

Answer: 𝟔𝟎

6. A gas system at 20.0 °C in a cylinder is compressed adiabatically from an initial

pressure of 1 atm and volume 800 cm3 to a find volume of 600 cm3. Determine the
final pressure and temperature of the gas is it behaves like an ideal gas with γ = 1.40.

Answer: 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 , 𝟑𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟗

7. An ideal gas undergoes two thermodynamic processes as shown in the Figure 1.

Given the initial temperature is 40 𝜊 𝐶 .

Figure 1

Determine

(a) the temperatures at B and C.

(b) the total work done.

Answer: 𝟔𝟔𝟔, 𝟒𝟎, 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎

44
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

8. The gas in a heat pump can be considered as undergoing a cycle of changes of

pressure, volume and temperature. One such cycle for an ideal gas is shown in
Figure 2.

Figure 2

Table 1 shows the changes in the internal energy along the path A to B, B to C and
C to D. It also shows that along the path A to B and C to D, no heat is supplied to the
gas.

Table 1

Along Change in the internal energy Heat supplied

path of the gas (J) to the gas (J)
A to B 1200 0
B to C –1350
C to D –600 0

Using the first law of thermodynamics and the data from the graph, determine

(a) the work done by the gas from A to B.

(b) the work done by the gas from C to D.

(c) the work done by the gas from B to C.

(d) the heat supplied to the gas from B to C.

(e) the work done by the gas from D to A.

Answer: −𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎, 𝟔𝟎𝟎, 𝟎, −𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎, 𝟎

45
TUTORIAL FIZIK 1 PRF1016

9. Gas within a chamber going through a cycle as shown in Figure 3. Determine the
energy transferred by the system as heat during process CA if the energy added as
heat QAB during process AB is 20.0 J, no energy is transferred during process BC, and
the net work done during the cycle is 15.0 J.

Pressure
A C

Volume

Figure 3

Answer: −𝟓

10. Draw a P-V diagram of expansion of an ideal gas at constant pressure of 2.5 × 105 Pa
from 600 cm3 to 800 cm3 and find the change in internal energy if 500 J heat is added
during expansion.

Answer: 𝟒𝟓𝟎

46