This document defines key philosophical terms related to aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and political philosophy. Some terms discussed include empiricism, which emphasizes experience in acquiring knowledge; existentialism, which focuses on individual existence and meaning; dualism, the view that the mind and body are separate; and utilitarianism, which is concerned with increasing overall happiness. Over 20 philosophical concepts are defined in brief.
This document defines key philosophical terms related to aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and political philosophy. Some terms discussed include empiricism, which emphasizes experience in acquiring knowledge; existentialism, which focuses on individual existence and meaning; dualism, the view that the mind and body are separate; and utilitarianism, which is concerned with increasing overall happiness. Over 20 philosophical concepts are defined in brief.
This document defines key philosophical terms related to aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and political philosophy. Some terms discussed include empiricism, which emphasizes experience in acquiring knowledge; existentialism, which focuses on individual existence and meaning; dualism, the view that the mind and body are separate; and utilitarianism, which is concerned with increasing overall happiness. Over 20 philosophical concepts are defined in brief.
This document defines key philosophical terms related to aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and political philosophy. Some terms discussed include empiricism, which emphasizes experience in acquiring knowledge; existentialism, which focuses on individual existence and meaning; dualism, the view that the mind and body are separate; and utilitarianism, which is concerned with increasing overall happiness. Over 20 philosophical concepts are defined in brief.
The political theory that is sceptical of all moral claims.
ANARCHISM Advocates for the absence of hierarchical authority and the rejection of centralised power Promoting voluntary cooperation and self-governance
Knowledge or reasoning that is independent of experience or empirical
A PRIORI evidence Based on innate understanding or logical deduction
Knowledge or reasoning that is derived from or dependent on experience
A POSTERIORI or empirical evidence.
The relationship between cause and effect
.CAUSALITY Suggests every event is the result of a preceding cause or causes
An ethical theory that evaluates the morality of an action based on its
CONSEQUENTIALISM consequences or outcomes
Advocates for equality and equal rights for all individuals, regardless of EGALITARIANISM their socioeconomic status, gender, race, or other characteristics
An epistemological position that emphasises the importance of
EMPIRICISM experience and sensory perception in acquiring knowledge and understanding the world.
EPISTEMOLOGY The branch of philosophy that deals with the study of knowledge
The belief we are each responsible for creating purpose or meaning in our EXISTENTIALISM own lives Focuses on the individual's existence, freedom, and subjective experience
Examines moral principles, values, and behaviors, addressing questions of
ETHICS right and wrong/ good and bad
Metaphysical theory that emphasises that the mind and the body are two DUALISM separate things - Physical/ Non-physical
Associates reality to ideas in the mind rather than material objects
IDEALISM Suggests that the mind shapes or constructs the external world METAPHYSICS Concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and existence
Moral principles are derived from immediate and intuitive awareness or
feelings, rather than from reasoning or empirical evidence. MORAL INTUITIUISM The existence of bjective moral truths in life inwhich humans are capable to understand.
Emphasises the role of reason in determining moral principles and making
MORAL RATIONALISM ethical judgments Argues that moral truths can be known through rational analysis
The study of being, existence, and reality
ONTOLOGY Seeks the classification and explanation of entities
Asserts that everything that exists is ultimately reducible to or explainable
PHYSICALISM by physical entities or processes
PHENOMENOLOGY Consciousness as experienced from a first-person point of view
The role of reason/ logical analysis in acquiring knowledge/ understanding
RATIONALISM Asserts that reason is the primary source of knowledge
Proposes the existence of an external, objective reality that is independent
REALISM of human thought or perception
Denies that moral judgement has any kind of ‘objective; or factual basis in RELATIVISM moral values
The view that some or all knowledge is impossible.
Questions the possibility of knowledge SKEPTICISM Doubts the certainty/ reliability of knowledge claims Emphasises the need for rigorous scrutiny and evidence before accepting beliefs or truths.
THEISM Refers to the belief that there is one single God who is the creator of all
Concerned with the consequences of our actions
UTILITARIANISM Seeks to increase overall happiness and reduce suffering among a significant group of people
