0% found this document useful (0 votes)
64 views16 pages

S Block

Uploaded by

bharad waj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
64 views16 pages

S Block

Uploaded by

bharad waj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16
Called S_ Block elements. Grovp-4> [15] ns! Group 2 [1G) ps2 . \ om p> Li [He] 2s! | Be Chie] 982 3" p> Na [Ne] 3s! \ Mg_Lnej_3s2 | 1 - f ( T \ uthes kK Cas} Ls! cq LA ys? istyps Rb [ky] Ss! Sx Use} B52 lethps Cs. Cxey 6s! Bo Ciel g52 zip» Fx (Rq} zs! Ro (RnJ 252 | Ly Rodioatrive | 0 Qikali_metats (hecavse an [+> alkaline eaxth metal | Beaction with water they form! hecayse all Oxide and hudnaxtuet hydtoxide >( stxongiy Alkaline | natvse) ee L I | | t fate | | echranit | | [rei ns! 4+ oxidation state 344 |2 Oxidation state = +2 ad valency => 4 > valency > 2 > Manovalent bf divalent ———____## Fist ele de _to © Smait ® High TE ed 4 Li ' it Be ; | " ‘Sha { A po they io oa Scent Sa Lt tonic. => down the guove size t L ! becanse no-OF shell T i { { > down the gxoup sized Be < Mg Na> k> Rbs Cs | Be >Mg $ cq > S¥> Bq 2: So Gi Clements have less TE than G2 elements — io HE « Charge Gi (mt) | Gio (Mt2) Size Bey > MES catty oyt> Gat? i cn + t 22 Catt» s#t> Gd _ it> Na > K> Rb > Co! {Bet® aisai_and_atkaline —— _™ }i_has_may- hydaation jay Kali=s size more ______enengy, 69 Li Salis ate tydtand ! Aikaline-> size less » — LiCl. 2H20 ——| | a! Alkaline hos more _hu | {>So _mostly Aika SS aaa I Oydsaied Salt Mgci2« ¢Ho {| | Cachesiso H \ * Phy sical Paopeaties = Silvery White > Silvery Uyhite > Soft (can be cut with Plastit => Soft “(hoider than atkati) I Inife) +> lysturoo Be Greyish [+> \ight_metay (= light meta | ¥9 7 cot6us + * Density t in peyiod > density 1 exception 10 Group —> density f ! Ca_¢ M9 4 Be MP 4 BP « metalic bonding (> 2 valence e- t Metauic banding ;— High vip 4 BP thon | _1) valenee e~ > dixecty Proportion Ol Kali it) size QF Otom- inversely 1 au lGies # | valence ¢~ #t Low Mp 4 Bp —-# Electxapositive chaxacter | ~~ Size Ts. aist of e-faom___j=> size _electaapositive — ——fcleus_is_fo8_¢° xemoval easy, Chaactes _ __ ——-Ohd_hence elect soposifive _s Be ¢ Mg_¢ Ca < Sx 4 9___. chasaciey iNewease MeN Rend ees + 4 Flame _colowss- 1 ee nay Red |_Be LE_tn08¢4.Size tens” 4A. Na> Golden Yellow= 14 -__no_flame_catauy | is > viotey |Co— Brick Red BL Rb Red violet : Ss _Cxim > Cs e Ba > apple gxcen ei 1 2 Thexmal Candy ctivity | 4 Chemical _psopeaty { Size is Big => Size is less than alkah i> IE is less — Te is moxe than alkan > e- is xemaved in les: ~> Reactivity ts less than enexqu- Alkals > Reactivity is high: I T ' { | i | | ff ize + TE’ down the Be 4 Mg < Ca ¢ 55 48g | Group Reactivity T Ti cWa ckeRb no m0 dhe tO this meta geis taxnisia! Mat Lax 4 ated)» no wr > moist al + G1 Hydroxide | because axige film layer iS — #_ Reaction With Oz ‘Fosmed on thelr _suxfice — Li +02 —1i20 (oxide) o7? | Be fo2 5 Beg > amphoksie— Nat0z> Na202_(pewoxde) a“, Mg +02 —> Mgo [ix O2 > _kOr {0a +02 > oqo | pasi— Rb + Or > R bD2} Supetoxin | Sy } “G2 Syo__|_nawe— Cs 40220502 Bg bar > Bag #-When Gu Clements_dxemjxedl Lith lig NH3_Ond_then weaced _— Wath Oxygen then Olt forms oxide, | _ Li ig Nig) +02 120 ~ 7 t L Rea > Qmphoteric Not) $62 >No | pes gos Lk Uy 02 > 20 _ | nature Cao _\ Basic [RbL ny Ox > Rb SxO Havre [ies Gai yp ¥ Oe Ses20 Bag ~ = > SO_Basic: oxides seads «ai Ii e a ————. ACid- ‘Lid + Wel ~> LiCl + 120 _NQ20 + HCl Nach + 420 | 620 + Wel kel + H20 R20 _t HCl—> RbCl + 120 C520 + HCV Cec +20 % Reaction with N2 1 Red tHCl—> Betlat 420 ( Bed + NOOK > Nai Bed2 +420 (sodium Besyigry Mgo + Hel —> Macla + 20 Cao + HCl» Cacl2 + H20 S¥O + HCl—> Sycl2 + Hod Baot Hel > Baclathwe Be + N2 — Bean ly + N2— Ligh Mg 4 N2 > Mg3N2 Na CQ} Na > cage k Do Rn | S84 Ne > Stayer Rh | Ba + Nz —> Bowe ee Cs l tL “—’"—“!~» =—_ mt He a) Be + Hoo “+> 4 Be + H20 thot) +> No gxn Metal + 20 —> MoH + Hat Mg +H O (cold) > No FKH 1 { j Ut Had => Liow t Hat’ 1 No + Wo? Naon +2 T 4 | mg-+ H20 (hot) > Mg (ona tia] i Rb + Ho —> Rbow tHe T | Ca bt H26 (cold/hel) > Catan) a+ Hip { l ( ( {ga k + HO OH + Hut Cs + ho-> Cson + Het S¥_b HeO (cod het) Srlon) + al Los tes ‘ize high IE > Bq + H20 Ccaldhot) > Gglowa+ bey ——— Aqoussh | taith nates So less expios! ve Ls Since Gu elements axe highly = jive | lH i 7 I L iis 125s denses then jccrashe | eae non! Tl ity Ha — MH (Meal hye | Mit? + H2 —> MH2_(metal_bysai [Lit ta 5 Li (lo73K) jBe_+ ho —> Get no mn a ya tH2— NaH 7 Mg_+H2— MgH: -k 4H2—> KH 1673 k | Ca FHe > Cate t Rb tHa— RbH S¥ tHe SOW a Cs 4Ha—> Ce Bathe = Bakr ~ ( a = fall these_metal_hydbides ave lone galid_—_——>~ . “high mel. Point) = [i oon ee z _ + ————___| ——$—————_______ > other | Peeparation method es | Fox Rela. | Becta + LiAlHy—> | Lithivin —FLiet | A\ominium EANCI5 u ! hudyige | [Beta —> 2 bond > ye- ; t ! ©" deficiens 1 Ganong pond, Bridge bong. | {3 centes 2e7 bong wk Reaction with Halogen ; Lit + xo => Mx (metal halide) | Mt? + X95 Ma Um i Li £X2 — Lix — covalent natose! Re + X2 —|Reyr'p Bere + | No + Xr Nox smal! aion oy) Mg + X2— Mair ik +¥) > kx Lowe anion | cq 4¥2 9 Carr [Rb +2 Rox _coidn's Ru! Sy ta —> Seva les + #2 CSX mone coment | Ba _b%2 — Box (MPC Lich< Lips 2vig reece | Order Of covalent Chaacter_| (NWu)2 BeFu~2> Bert NH Aromonium Tetra Fluxo Bexylate Bed + C4 Ch~> Beti2 + Co * Reducing Natuse { { —_M— > Mt te~ | M—> mt? 42e [7 i. | Oxidation TT [ Oxidarey - 1 ———Redoeing Nature UR ~——-#-G_hos_moxe_size than Gra |— These axe less powerful -——-2S0_G_has_mose_Reducing_| Reducing agent _than_alkal _—Ratwie thon G2 because OF 1 Reducing naure_incrcaser ——109¢_negative electyode_patenial__Fxam Bete Bs eT -deleasing_tendencyt Siesue the ee ag epenadeputebsil heat” Reducing Naivae_T 7 _mowe_negative dosin the gr | > Cs_> Rb > k > Nat aay \ ~TThtighes_geancing_notoge | —-________ 3 Fackaxs_ \ © Sublimation Energy i aa |_____@ Tonization Energy _, | wt dation Energy | | 5" 1 (size J HEN) ~___ Reaction with tig: NH3- L |= AlL_attsali_metals_ digsae in; _M + (cto) nia > Cm (wagdx]®) Aig: NHS. $2 Ce (nits) F | let) Na LM (Wis) +fe-(uHady] | ! (ommaniated electxan), = deep blue Colovy salP > _Ammoniaied electsan- j > deep blue black Solvtion dye 10 AMmaniakd e- a | | > Paxamagnetic ~_____ Stand-alone foxtong bows | | ~ _it_eleases 2 4 faxms mide —~ qu imtom) te> + NWs > song tS fe | fas long hows SN H Muto t $24 N concentaied sown te j ~ dig magnene J s |: Blue - Monee Coloyy ee ; —-_ Te Reaction with Acid. i _ Reaction_with Acid | Mt He Me yy jut? + Mel —> Meise Mt + W2S04 > Masou tha TM? 4 Hasou—> Msou 4 4 | Mi + HaP0u — Mapou tHe | tea wapoy MgPouy + L H ext ft iewistic — | . A\Kal) Alisaline An_excess af dix = These metals” Lbs 8 bio Oxide | (Sma amannt)i—> Oxide 4 Hydroxide Of Re 4 LNG No202 4 Naso tM Oxe More Covalent than (smal amount) Cas $x, Ba. | |k > koe 5 ; t Beo —> Qmphotenic 9" | Rb > Rboz Cony Supeyoxide}l “M907 ls > C502 7 "Cao — Basic I Superoxide is stable with — ! $30 | laxge cation Bao Hydrolysis OF Oxide Peroxide! Basic oxides af Gap? When Supesaxide | Teacted With H20-> : M20 + H2G—> MEFOR™ | Magy > M9 (ol): M202 + Ho Mt FOHF Rae! Cag \y nso —> Ca Con) MO2 ¢ Hro => Mt + OW FRO Sao = Sy (oH)2 | 102 Bao => Ba (ot): eo s d iti ——— Supetoxide=> Yellow Mange | Thema. stability, Bq —_ {Paromagneris _' chasacies inereases down tie g | Be0 + 20 —> Ge (ol jee Amphoferie oe Bean, + OH" cxess Beton) J j / - Beorglia fon | Becote Fel > [Be (ONly J Clr, acta =| Halide Mx (x2 cu Bait) d (mz lina, k Rb. Cs! — [MP 4 @p— Floside > Chloxide > | Oxide 0% hydroxise | Bromide 2 Iodide : I Small Cation Lazge cat gn i _-Lowge_ anion smali_anien | JA | covalent chasactes fonic chavacie [ | _Paepaxation Pxepaxotian QU Gio Halides axe ionic. 10% Casbonae + HX—> MX -excepk Bexylli0 1m halide i hydaohalic Metal acid halide | LiF 4 CsT > insolpble | UHigh (> Al halides axe soluble in HeOL > Low ydaasion! ! Bexyllium halide — Covalent Bele _Sdlid_— Palymes Vapavs ~ dimey & \200k —> Monomer 3bons 7. e deficlens 5 if T= 1200k Lattice Energy) Enexgy) Solid- Becle I N ao, tN | Wy v t + Be Be “Re “Be + Pntr prt Clie CH cen Cha o |_3 Center We~ bond Octet Complies: “7 Stable |! Ranana bond 7 'Vapons- pecls ea er Se a — SATE 1 | (ee _ | “{mpoatan! Compounds OF S-plock canes Bi _ | Gxoup_t "1 Sodium _Corthonaie_(Noa¢os) g Nc 9) sodium hydtaxide_( Noon) 1 || «, HL SodiumBiowbanate Noweoa}nn | ss ang | m ae | Called _ds_Washing soda > Molecoiax Formula —> NO CO3-10 H20 —> Prepared by Salva process 4_steps Step 4- _NHa + M20 + coz —> (NHu)» Coa Step 2- (NHu)> Coa + Hoo +¢02 (NH) HO03 used to [Step 3-_(NH4) Heo, + Nac! —> NaHcoa + tucn ee Jess Saloble » therefor precipitate is Faxmed Stepu- NaHCOg —> Nor Cox + Hrd + CO2 L# sol ay _pracess —> Nd2Co3 = - . | ig foxmed 3 sn yicgn coin etn acs ee a ak eee 10 Beaction at last. Naucos is heated to Jives Narco; ———.—Ammonia_+ 120 + cor —> Ammani ue _Cax bonal_—___— ~——Arnmonivim cotbanaie + excess H20 4 Co2-> Ammonium bicastom —————Ammanive bicasbanare_-Nacl Sodium _bicathonaje +2 sodium canhanak + "20 £¢¢2— a #_In_solvay process , NH3_{s zecoveaed back — uy 2.NHuCl es (oH), > DNs fF CoCla + WO Not Cat? 1 — exist 0s decahydrate _(Na2,C0s- 10 120 ) > Called as Washing soda > Juble in Wate ee Ss eset H NorCda-lo Hoo 4 NO2CO3 - H20 decahydxate 375k ___manahydiate No2Coa-H20 2 378k. Nas Cox (white powder) Monahydrare anhydaous (Soda_ash) ou 2) Nact (Sodiom Chloride) } # _Caude Sodium chloxide is manofactuxed From Crystaliste— N | ine soluto ins _Naaso4 ,Cas% Cacia, MgCl2 as impurity) {n> Cacle 4 Mgcla. axe _deliquescent ip _natwre & 4endency ta_Qbsaab H20°—~ aT & i N | Then saturated “with Ae) gas then cays ta_of Wa—~ = h With H2O 4 Filtexed out to xemove in is fosmed i ye MP OF NaCl is lost k. eee 4— “3 Na oh (Sodium Hydaoxide) aise ated. 05_eatste soda _ > Prepared commercially _by_eleciyoiysis OF Sodium chionse in _castnes - keliney cell > A Brine Solution is_electrolysed desing using Mescury cathode 4 Coxbsn anode ln) ie ‘ombi itt CI \ = Chioxide gas is evolved at anode cathode Na + er Hts Yo. Amalgam: GV 9 No, pet 2 = This sodinm Amalgam Sis_gives NaOH 4 He gar Na amalgam + 429 — > Noon + Ho + Hg # Lbite. translucent solid: # MP is sq k # _Solvble_in 420 dt ide Qt SUSface . % ith Co2 an Foxms Naz Co 44) NoWCos (Sodinm Hydsogen Caxhonate) / (Sodium hicasheme | ( Baking Sodo- ) > It decompnses on heating to genexate bubbles af co ———_eaving_hales_in Cakes ¢“pasinies 4 maning & light 4 as) = Manufactured by saturating a sowtion of sodium ——_Combonate with coxbon dioxide = Ii_ts_less soluble ¢ henceit_15_Sepaxaltd_ Sit —— NO2Co3 + Hea t Coz —> Nahtoy a | #k_ Tmpostant Compound s_ Of Grxoup =2-———————___ 11) cateium oxide Cao | 2) calcium Hydtoxide Ca(OH), iw 8 e Caso ~ | w) calcium carbone Caco 5)_ coment i I 1) Calcium oxide, Cao. Suicklime ds ing Caco | | Cacos tet, “cad + C02 i — : => Cao _is (white Amosphan: Salid i MP> 2870 k - > on exposyxe to dix tt absoxbs moisture ¢ Co; | Cad + Ho — Ca(OH) 2 | Cao + Cor —> Cacos | 4 Slacking Of lime — on adding limited amount of de ~~ tt sbaeaks I ime ackin: reat _# Soda-lime> Qvick ime “Slacked With Soda gives silo Ee | 321 mixtuse OF Naot 4 Cao I> Ca0_is_o basic Oxide. So_it Combines with acidit— ba oxide Cao + Sid2 — > Caesids | Basic Acidic: Cao + PYOlIo + Cas (Pou) » pest 2)_CoCOH) . calcium Nydsoxide « Siacked lisa , > prepared by Adding M20 19 Quicktime coo 2. While _omoxphovs _porides_1 Spasingly Sol = The _09-Sol) af CaloH)2 is known as, ime way > Suspension Of Slacked lime in H20 is !oun as |__milk Of time _—>-On_possing co2 in colcinn bydsaride it form calcium Cagbanate- Ca COW2 + C02 —> Cacos Gh_passing COr in_excess. _Evsns_ lime ates rity . CaCOs + CO2 t Had — > Ca CHCOs) 2 milki y — > milk OF lime eacts With chlozine 40 fosm huparhiexite Co(OH)> + Clo —> Caciz + Ca (Oc): +296 ee OM — QChi iMens I \ CO i—> Limestone > Pxepaned by pa Ing_Co2 thxough Slaked lime ox -—by Addition oF sodiym Caxbonaie +o Calcium Chisyide Calonde + Co. —> Cacog + ro CaCl, + Na2cos —> Nati + Caco, v I Avoid aj 02 ik Ie —— Avid _giv Bicarterrst ——Tt_xeacls_with_dilute aria to give cannon dioxide —— | CoCo, + Hel —> Cacle + Ho ¢car —L —— £0003 4 Hrsoy —> Casoy + Ho + Coe a 2S #9 caicium Sulphate (cosou- 4 H20) (Pop) ___ => Hemihydaate OF calcium—sulphate- = When Gypsym is heated at 393k CaSdu +220 __4 2 Casdus H20_ + GH20 BK : _Gaypsim oy _casou | 420 |= when heated at high temp (2393) Cagou. 1 Heo 4 soy Canby ium | = (dead _boant plastes' 5) Cement ae Ie, en! e ! = Composition Gide = 12-5 tou | Cad 50-60 7 AlnO3 | Sige 20-25 7: | apo, 5-10 % Cad Sh |_Mgo__2-3 7 Si02+ Ala Oat Pe203 ! FesO3 av Sox \-27

You might also like