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Memory 1

The document discusses different types of computer memory including internal processor memory, main memory, secondary memory, and cache memory. It describes random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM, static RAM, and how memory is organized in a hierarchy from fastest to slowest.

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Hilmy Imaduddin
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16 views24 pages

Memory 1

The document discusses different types of computer memory including internal processor memory, main memory, secondary memory, and cache memory. It describes random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM, static RAM, and how memory is organized in a hierarchy from fastest to slowest.

Uploaded by

Hilmy Imaduddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER MEMORY

INTRODUCTION

Computer memory is any physical device capable


of storing information temporarily or permanently.
MEMORY

Electronic components that store instructions, data, and


results

Consists of one or more chips on motherboard or other


circuit board

Each byte stored in unique location called an address,


similar to seats in a concert hall
MEMORY CAPACITY
CLASSIFICATION OF MEMORY

Memory

Internal
Secondary
Processor Main Memory
Memory
Memory
INTERNAL PROCESSORMEMORY

A small high speed memory inside the processor.

Temporary storage of instruction and data.

Example: Registers, built-in cache.


MAIN MEMORY

It is relatively large memory placed outside the


processor.

Data and instruction storage for the operation of the


processor.

Can be accessed directly and rapidly by the CPU.


Example: RAM, ROM
IMAGES OF MAIN MEMORY
TYPES

MAIN
MEMORY

RAM ROM
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
A temporary storage that can be read from or written into by
the user.
Volatile memory.
Every location can be accessed independently.
Access time for every location is constant and independent of
it’s position.
Two types of RAM- Dynamic
RAM
RAM
Static
RAM
DYNAMIC RAM

DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM.


Relatively slower and low cost memory.
Used for main memory.
Contents are constantly refreshed 1000 times per
second
Access time 60 – 70 nanoseconds
TYPES
STATIC RAM

SRAM stands for static RAM.


Characterized by high speed and high cost.
Use six transistors to store data.
Access time 60 – 70 nanoseconds
Can accept one command and transfer one word of
data per clock cycle.
READONLY MEMORY (ROM)

A class of storage used in computer and other electronic


devices.
Data stored in it cannot be modified
Non-volatile memory.
In modern PCs, ROM is used to store the basic bootstrapping
firmware for the main processor, as well as the various firmware
needed to internally control self-contained devices such as
graphics card, hard disks, DVD drives, etc.
TYPES

Strict ROM

PROM

EPROM
ROM EEPROM

EAROM

Flash ROM
SECONDARY MEMORY

Much larger in capacity but slower than main


memory.

Permanent storage of data and instruction.

Example: Hard disk, CD, Floppy etc.


MEMORY HIERARCHY

In computer architecture the memory hierarchy is a concept used


to discuss performance issues in computer architectural design,
algorithm predictions, and lower level programming constructs

Involving locality of reference. The memory hierarchy in computer


storage separates each of its levels based on response time.
Cache Memory

System performance suffers when processor waits for data


from slow memory device.
Cache memory is introduced between the CPU and the
main memory.
Cache is a high speed memory for holding recently
accessed data in main memory.
The amount of cache memory has a tremendous impact on
the computer's speed.
TWO TYPESOF CACHEMEMORY

Level-1 L1 cache: CPU resident cache


Level-2 L2 cache: Motherboard resident cache.
THE OPERATION OF CACHE MEMORY
CONCLUSION

Memory is an important part of computer. Without


memory, Probably a computer is of no use is a
greater sense.

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