NSOC Timor-Leste

State of Oceans and Coasts
TIMOR LESTE
T
imor-Leste’s National SOC Report (publication pending) to the blue economy assessment and monitoring progress on the
provides information on the status of seas and coasts of implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the
Timor-Leste, including the national ocean economy; quantity Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA), the UN Sustainable Development Goals
and quality of resources the coastal areas; and the existing and (SDGs), other international agreements subscribed to by Timor-Leste,
potential uses of such resources. The report also aims to contribute and related national laws and policies on oceans and coasts.
Timor Leste’s Ocean Economy in Context

Indicator Available Information (as of 2017)
Land area 1 (square kilometres or km2) 14,874 km2

Coastline 1 735 km
Sea area 1
72,000 km2
Population 1 1,183,643
Coastal population 1 90%
Ocean economy 1
US$1.97 billion or 87% of GDP (in 2015)
(Gross value added or GVA, in constant prices)
Employment in ocean economy 1 16,077 people
Estimated value of coastal and marine ecosystems 1
US$5.25 billion
Percentage of coastline with ICM 1 34.1%
Marine protected area (percentage of territorial waters)
2
0.11% (2,808.51 ha)
Ocean health index (OHI) 3 61 – Timor-Leste ranks172 among 221 countries and territories.
Gross domestic product (GDP, in constant 2010 US$ prices)
2
US$3.1 billion
0.605 – medium human development category – positioning the country at
Human development index (HDI) 4
133 of the 188 countries and territories
Gross national income (GNI) per capita 4 (at 2011 PPP prices) US$5,371
Access to safely managed water supply 2
No data
Access to safely managed sanitation 2 No data
1
National SOC Report 2018
2
World Bank Open Data. Accessed from: https://data.worldbank.org/country/timor-leste
3
www.oceanhealthindex.org/region-scores/scores/timor-leste
4
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2018. Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update.
Transitioning to Blue Economy
Ocean economy Blue Economy Initiatives Investment Opportunities
Fisheries and aquaculture Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture Aquaculture
• GVA of fisheries in 2015 was US$7 million • Community-based fisheries • Aquaculture is a promising industry
(in constant prices). • Integrated farming system in Timor-Leste. Potential areas for
• Around 90% of fisheries is artisanal. • Livelihood diversification: seaweed farming; milkfish and tilapia various types of aquaculture have been
• Pressures: extreme bathymetry; limited culture identified.
skills, techniques and gears; destruction of • Mangrove planting and mud crab culture
reef habitat, and declining fish stocks (due • 10 municipalities provide support to youth for aquaculture of
to El Niňo); illegal fishing (foreign) Tilapia sp.
Coastal and marine tourism Sustainable tourism • The tourism sector ranks closely behind
• GVA of coastal and marine tourism sector • Dugong and seagrass conservation as a model of ecotourism oil and coffee as the third largest sector.
in 2015 was US$19.6 million. • Community-based ecotourism, with sustainable • Major ecotourism sites identified,
• Pressures: High cost of traveling; limited accommodation and local sourcing of food including MPA and national parks
accommodation and freshwater availability; • Community-based ecotourism
potential of crocodile attacks; habitat • Diving and boat operation
degradation; increased solid waste and • Cruise tourism
wastewater generation
Ports and shipping Sustainable ports • Expansion of passenger port and
• GVA of transportation sector in 2015 was • Expansion of Tibar Port: through public-private partnership; terminal for cruise ships
US$66.7 million. use of new technologies to improve port performance and
• Pressures: port construction and services, and energy-use efficiency
dredging; oil spills from operations and
accidents; pollution from ships and ports
Offshore oil and gas Offshore oil and gas • Establishment of downstream
• GVA of oil and gas in 2015 was US$1.5 • Monitoring of water quality and sediments at the offshore oil industries, e.g., Suai Supply Base,
billion, accounting for 66% of GDP. and gas platforms and surrounding areas refineries, petrochemicals, and LNG
• Pressures: oil spills; depletion of oil and plant to ensure additional income and
gas reserves multiplier effects through job creation,
trade, small- and medium-enterprise
(SME) development
Water Pollution reduction/waste management • Solid waste management: Expansion
• Solid waste management: recycling system in schools; of solid waste management system;
collection system and landfill in Dili Improvement of sanitary landfill;
• Wastewater management: wastewater treatment facility (waste recycling facility; disposal and treatment
stabilization ponds) in DiIli of e-waste and hospital waste
• Used oil management: tanks for used oil and daily collection • Sanitation and wastewater
system management: Expansion of
wastewater management system
Habitat restoration and management • MPA and ecotourism
• MPAs; marine national parks, locally managed MPAs • Mangroves and sustainable aquaculture
• Mangrove restoration
• Seagrass and dugong conservation
• Coral reef protection

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State of Oceans and Coasts

Timor Leste’s Ocean Economy in Context

Land area 1 (square kilometres or km2) 14,874 km2

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