PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN TLE

FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION: BASIS IN CRAFTING

A CAREER PREFERENCE PRIMER

PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL

2023
Volume: 13
Pages: 373-377
Document ID: 2023PEMJ1167
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8332592
Manuscript Accepted: 2023-9-9
Psych Educ, 2023, 13: 373-377, Document ID:2023 PEMJ1167, doi:10.5281/zenodo.8332592, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article

Predictors of Students’ Performance in TLE Field of Specialization:

Basis in Crafting A Career Preference Primer
Joymie Rose C. Remoroza*
For affiliations and correspondence, see the last page.
Abstract
This descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine if the TLE field of specialization-
related variables significantly predicts the TLE performances of Grade 7 students at Manuel S.
Enverga Memorial School of Arts and Trades in Mauban, Province of Quezon during the 2022-2023
academic year. Purposive sampling was used to select 120 students, and data was gathered through a
survey questionnaire and teacher-made tests. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean,
standard deviation, and regression analysis were utilized to analyze the collected data. The findings
revealed that most female respondents belong to the below 5000 and 5001-15000 family income
brackets. They are strongly interested in the subject and display positive attitudes toward learning.
They perceive their teachers as skilled and motivating and find the facilities and equipment in good
condition. They also express confidence in their employability skills. Furthermore, their TLE
performance demonstrates excellence in cognitive skills within the Food Trades specialization and
outstanding technical skills in the Beauty Care specialization. Regression analysis further reveals that
the TLE field of specialization-related variables significantly predicts students' cognitive and
technical skills performances. The best predictors of cognitive skills are teachers' competence and
employability, while students' attitudes and teachers' competence are the best predictors of technical
skills. The study recommends addressing the needs of female students from low-income families in
TLE education through scholarships and mentorship programs. The study suggests promoting
positive attitudes, teacher professional development, providing resources, and encouraging
collaboration to improve TLE learning. Advanced training and practical experiences in Food Trade
and Beauty Care specializations are recommended for enhanced TLE performance. Lastly, teachers'
competence and employability are emphasized for enhancing students' cognitive skills, thus, calling
for continuous professional development and a supportive environment.

Keywords: predictors, students’ performance, TLE field of specialization

Introduction the requirement for adaptation to the ever-advancing

technology world. The Grade 7 levels offer
Competencies are essential components of the exploratory subjects that focus on basic core
curriculum. It is intended to be clear, transparent, competency. At the same time, the offering of the
measurable objectives that define the content, skills, specialization areas starts in the Grade 8 levels, in
and dispositions important across subject areas and which the students choose a course based on the
prepare students for college and career (Torres, Brett, student's interest and the school's competence to offer
Cox & Greller, 2018). The Technology and Livelihood such specialization. The specialization areas being
Education (TLE) K to 12 Curriculum aims to develop offered: Beauty Care, Computer Hardware Servicing,
students' critical thinking, self-reliance, independence, Food Trades, Garment Trades, and Technical Drafting.
culture sensitivity, and entrepreneurship by enhancing Learning in vocational schools aims not only to gain
their skills in the different uses of technology and knowledge and develop the students’ work skills but
applying life skills. Technology and Livelihood also to help students make mature career decisions.
Education deals with technological development,
knowledge and information, entrepreneurial areas, The students must also perform their cognitive and
process and delivery, life skills, and work values. technical skills inside the classroom prepared by the
(Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) K to 12 teachers, interact with their peer groups, and behave
Curriculum Guide, 2016). towards different specializations. With this, teachers
can predict the suitable specialization that fits their
Prior to the implementation of the K to 12 Basic capabilities using classroom performance and exam
Education Program, Manuel S. Enverga Memorial scores. Predicting students’ performance in the
School of Arts and Trades, had already acquired its following field of specialization at a Grade seven level
title being a technical-vocational institution that caters is a very useful tool for taking early actions to enhance
not only complete academic subjects for students but their performance and reduce students' failure rates at
also technical and vocational courses that would meet the end of the quarter. This tool provides a complete

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Psych Educ, 2023, 13: 373-377, Document ID:2023 PEMJ1167, doi:10.5281/zenodo.8332592, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article

picture of students' learning process. Teachers need to Graduate Studies and Applied Research was sought to
observe and monitor the student's performance to use the validated self-made instruments and teacher-
ensure that their skills and capabilities are developed. made test. The approved letter was presented to the
schools’ division superintendent, district supervisor,
In predicting students’ performance, it supports and school authorities of the Manuel S. Enverga
selecting courses and designing appropriate future Memorial School of Arts and Trades in Mauban,
study plans for students. In addition to predicting Quezon for the administration of the questionnaire to
students' performance, it helps teachers monitor the respondents of the study, the Grade 7 students.
students, support them, and integrate the training
programs to obtain the best results. Prediction supports The research instrument was distributed to the
the students through their choice of courses and study respondents and immediately collected and tallied for
plans appropriate to their abilities (Li and Liu, statistical computation and analysis.The gathered data
2021). The mission of K to 12 TLE is to provide 21st- were analyzed and tabulated using various statistical
century skills development and progress among tools:
Filipino learners. This curriculum prepares students to
become future entrepreneurs, prepares learners for Frequency and percentage distribution were used to
analyze the profile of the respondents in terms of sex
work, provides opportunities for higher education, and
and family income.
develops learners' middle-level skills (Pallasigui, Mean and Standard Deviation were used to
2016).The researcher believes it should be necessary determine the perception of the respondents in TLE
for all exploratory teachers, head teachers of the TVE Field specialization Variables and TLE
department, to start predicting the student’s Performance.
performance in the TLE field of specialization to help Regression Analysis was used to identify the
our students choose a course. Since the aim and predictors in TLE Performance namely cognitive
mission of the curriculum is to prepare our students for and technical skills based on TLE Field Related
Variables.
the future, assisting and guiding them in choosing a
course that fits their interests and skills is one of the
first steps in achieving this goal. A teacher who truly Results and Discussion
cares for their students will support them in choosing a
career path and help prepare them for the future.
Table 1. Summary of the Respondents’ Perception of
Research Objectives TLE Field of Specialization-Related Variables in terms
of:
This study aims to determine:

1. The profile of the respondents in terms of sex and

family income;
2. The students’ perceptions of the TLE field of
specialization related variables in terms of
2.1 Students' Interest;
2.2 Students' Attitudes;
2.3 Teachers' Competence;
2.4 Facilities; and
2.5 Equipment and employability. Table 1 summarizes the respondents' responses in the
3. The TLE performance of the respondents in terms of related variables of the TLE field of specialization. All
cognitive skills and technical skills; of the five indicators fall into “Agree.” The overall
4. The TLE field of specialization-related variables mean in respondents’ responses in the TLE field of
significantly predict the TLE performances of the specialization-related variables is 3.84.
students.
Teachers’ competence got the highest mean of 4.09
and a standard deviation of 0.53, while students'
Methodology attitudes got the lowest mean of 3.69 and a standard
deviation of 0.50.

The approval of the panel members, dean of the The results may imply that the respondents generally

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Psych Educ, 2023, 13: 373-377, Document ID:2023 PEMJ1167, doi:10.5281/zenodo.8332592, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article

agree with the TLE field of specialization-related

variables. All five indicators fall into the "Agree"
category, which suggests a positive perception of TLE
Table 3 reveals the respondents’ performance in
among the respondents. The highest mean score for
technical skills. Almost all indicators in TLE field
"Teacher’s competence" indicates that the respondents
specialization fall into “Outstanding,” except
positively perceive the teachers' skills and abilities in
Computer Hardware Servicing fall into “Very
the TLE field. On the other hand, the lower mean score Satisfactory” and Technical Drafting “Satisfactory”.
for "Students attitude" suggests that the respondents The overall mean in technical skills is 89.81.
perceive the students' attitudes towards TLE as less
positive compared to other indicators. Beauty Care got the highest mean of 92.86 and a
standard deviation of 3.04, while Technical Drafting
Table 2. Respondents’ TLE Performance in terms of got the lowest mean of 82.93 and a standard deviation
Cognitive Skills of 5.09.

The results may imply that the students showed a

higher proficiency level in Beauty Care than in
Technical Drafting. This may suggest that the students
possess prior knowledge or skills in Beauty Care,
which they were able to apply and enhance during
their classes. On the other hand, Technical Drafting
may be a relatively new subject for most students,
Table 2 reveals the respondents’ performance in
which could explain the lower level of proficiency.
cognitive skills. Almost all indicators in TLE field
specialization fall into “Satisfactory,” except Food
Table 4. Prediction of TLE Performance Based on
Trades fall into “Very Satisfactory.” The overall mean
Cognitive Skills and Specialization-Related Variables
in cognitive skills is 18.04.

Food Trades got the highest mean of 22.13 and a

standard deviation of 6.44, while Garment Trades got
the lowest mean of 16.24 and a standard deviation of
5.94.

The results may imply that the students have varying

prior knowledge and interest in the different subjects
under TLE. Food Trades received the highest mean
score, indicating that the students understand and are Table 4 shows the prediction of TLE performance
interested in the subject. This may be due to the based on cognitive skills and specialization-related
subject's relevance to their daily lives, as cooking is a variables.
common activity that most students can relate to. On
the other hand, Garment Trades received the lowest The regression analysis showed that the TLE field of
mean score, suggesting that the students have limited specialization-related variables significantly predicted
prior knowledge and interest in the subject. The lack of the TLE performances of the students in terms of
real-life application of the subject may have cognitive skills. Among the five variables, teachers’
contributed to the students' limited understanding and competence and employability were the best predictors
interest. of students’ cognitive skills. However, in terms of
cognitive skills, students' interests, attitudes, facilities,
Table 3. Respondents’ TLE Performance in terms of and equipment did not significantly predict the TLE
Technical Skills performances of the students. Hence, the null
hypothesis is rejected.

Based on the results, it can be inferred that the TLE

field of specialization-related variables, particularly
teachers’ competence, and employability, significantly

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Research Article

impact the students' cognitive skills and performance towards the subject and teachers’ competence
in TLE. This suggests that having competent teachers contribute to students’ technical skills performance.
in TLE can greatly influence the students' cognitive The findings indicate that students with a positive
skills, employability, and performance. These findings attitude towards the subject tend to perform better in
support the importance of investing in teacher training technical skills. Furthermore, having competent
and development programs and improving teachers who can effectively teach and facilitate the
employability opportunities for TLE teachers. learning process is also crucial in improving students’
technical skills.
Moreover, regarding the prediction of Cognitive Skills
based on specialization-related variables, the Moreover, regarding the prediction in Technical Skills,
coefficient for Teacher Competence is +6.633, the coefficient for Students' Attitudes is +2.678,
indicating a positive effect. This suggests that students indicating a positive effect in students' attitudes and
with higher levels of cognitive skills tend to perform TLE performance. This suggests that students with a
better when their teachers demonstrate a higher degree positive attitude towards learning technical skills tend
of competence in teaching. to perform better in their TLE performance. A positive
attitude can contribute to motivation, engagement, and
On the other hand, in the prediction of Cognitive a willingness to invest effort in acquiring technical
Skills, the coefficient for Employability was found to skills.
be negative (-4.060), indicating a negative effect while
the cognitive skills indicating positive effect. The Similarly, the coefficient for Teachers' Competence is
statistical significance of the cognitive skills and +2.201, indicating a positive effect in teacher
employability, as indicated by the Sig value of 0.022. competence and TLE performance. This implies that
students tend to perform better when their teachers
Table 5. Prediction of TLE Performance Based on demonstrate a higher competence in teaching technical
Technical Skills and Specialization-Related Variables skills. Competent teachers are likely to possess
effective instructional strategies, subject knowledge,
and the ability to create a supportive learning
environment, positively impacting students' learning
outcomes.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following

conclusions were drawn. (1) The regression analysis
Table 5 shows the prediction of TLE performance revealed that the TLE field of Specialization Related
based on technical skills and specialization-related Variables significantly predicted students' cognitive
variables. and technical skills performances. Teachers'
competence and employability emerged as the
The regression analysis showed that the TLE field of
strongest predictors of students' cognitive skills among
specialization-related variables significantly predicted
the five variables examined. Meanwhile, students'
the TLE performances of the students in terms of
attitudes and teachers' competence were the best
technical skills. Among the five variables, students’
predictors of students' technical skills. It is concluded
attitudes and teachers’ competence were the best
that the hypothesis stating that the TLE field of
predictors of students’ technical skills. However, in
specialization-related variables does not significantly
terms of technical skills, students' interests, facilities
predict the TLE performance of the students is,
and equipment, and employability did not significantly
therefore, Partially Not Sustained.On the other hand,
predict the TLE performances of the students. Hence,
the analysis indicated that among the five variables,
the null hypothesis is rejected.
students' interests, attitudes, facilities, and equipment
Based on the results, it can be inferred that the TLE did not significantly predict TLE performance
field of specialization-related variables significantly regarding cognitive skills. Similarly, students’
impacts the TLE performance of the students in terms interests, facilities and equipment, and employability
of technical skills. The results suggest that attitude did not significantly predict TLE performance
regarding technical skills. Hence, the null hypothesis is
accepted, suggesting that these variables may not

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Research Article

substantially influence TLE performance in the opportunities for teachers to enhance their instructional
respective skill areas. skills and subject knowledge can positively impact
students' cognitive abilities.
The following recommendations are hereby suggested:
(1) To address the specific needs and challenges faced
References
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among students can be facilitated by encouraging
respect for others' opinions and creating a supportive Affiliations and Corresponding Information
environment where students feel comfortable Joymie Rose C. Remoroza, MAEd
expressing themselves. (3) To further enhance the TLE Manuel S. Enverga Memorial School of Arts and
performance of the students, it is (4) Based on the Trades - Philippines
regression analysis results, it is recommended to
prioritize teachers' competence and employability as
crucial factors in enhancing students' cognitive skills
in TLE. Providing professional development

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