Lesson 5: Occupational Health and Safety

Table of Contents

Table of Contents 1

Introduction 2

Essential Questions 3

Bench Marks 3

General Notes 4

Overlook 4

Blueprint 6

Gear Up! 6
Overview on Creating the Study Guide 6
Writing Style 7
Images 8
Table Format 11
Math Equation Editor 11
Calculations 13
Copyright and Plagiarism 14

Check Up 14

Tinker Time 16

Production Time 17

Recap 17

Bibliography 18

Glossary 19

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GRADE 7/8

Health and Safety in the Practice of Carpentry

Introduction

Fig. 1​ Carpenters fixing the foundation of a construction site.

Carpentry is admittedly a big part of our lives. We interact with carpentry products everyday in
the form of furniture. But what most of us don’t see are the carpenters who devote time and
effort in creating these carpentry products. For that reason, a certain safety standard was
made to improve their working situations and keep them safe while they masterfully build
amazing projects. In this chapter, you will learn more about the hazards that carpenters face
in their everyday life, what the organizations do to protect the carpenters, the importance of
personal protective equipment in the workplace, conducting first aid for injuries, and the 5S.

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 Essential Questions

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 Bench Marks

In this lesson, you should be able to:

● Identify hazards in the carpentry workshop;
● Enumerate different health hazards and risks found in the workplace;
● State the effects of health hazards and occupational risks;
● Control hazards and risks in the carpentry shop;
● Create safety nets in order to control the hazards and risks in the workplace;
● Identify the different Personal Protective Equipment (PPE);
● Distinguish advantages from disadvantages of practicing Occupational Health and
Safety (OHS) in the workplace;
● Create checklist on maintaining Occupational Health and Safety (OHS); and
● Distinguish the 5S in maintaining health and safety in the workplace.

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 G
​ eneral Notes

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 Overlook

Fig. 2​ Carpentry items on the roof source: PIXABAY.com

In this chapter you will be able to differentiate a healthy environment from an unhealthy
environment. But before that, you have to embody the principle that a clean workplace is a
healthy workplace. To prepare you for this chapter, draw your idea of a workplace fit for
efficient working. A place where the carpenters can foster a good relationship with each other
and create amazing carpentry products. Share your drawing with your seatmate and compare
your work. Be ready to share your insights with the class.

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 Blueprint

Fig. 3​ An ax on a lumber source: PIXABAY.com

The practice of carpentry can be a very dangerous environment to the carpenters if safety
regulations and hazard control practices are not strictly observed. Carpenters deal with heavy
materials and sharp tools, among others, which increases the probability of accidents or
hazards. The government adopted Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) that
provides an exclusive list of workplaces that are considered hazardous or dangerous.

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There are two causes of unfavorable situations in the workplace: hazards and accidents. A
hazard is any factor that could cause danger to a person and some examples are electric
shock, heat, radiation, falling debris or toxic substances. These are the situations that would
most probably lead to detrimental effects on the health and well-being of the workers. On the
other hand, accidents are unforeseen and unfavorable events that lead to any kind of harm
on the workers. Accidents are sometimes caused by natural calamities or negligence in
following organization procedures.

Organizations set up procedures regarding safety regulations and hazard control practices
that would minimize or eliminate risk in the work environment of carpenters. Part of these
procedures are contingency measures that cater to accidents brought about by fire or other
forces of nature.

Identifying Risks

Before allowing a carpenter to start on a project, the organization heads, representatives, or

even the carpenter himself must identify the hazards already existing in the workplace. The
importance of identifying these risks is that the organization can better create procedures
that are tailor-fitted to the level of care required for every type of workplace. The person
designated to identify these hazards should keep in mind several important things to better
effectuate the goal of conducting the survey – the safety of the workers. The survey should be
in writing so that the workers may have access to the record for their own perusal. The person
identifying the hazard must indicate the personal protective equipment needed for the
workplace. Special attention must be given to various working conditions, processes,
equipment, and tools that may be the root cause of hazards.

Identifying hazards in the workplace is not a one-time thing. Keep in mind that the workplace
can change over time since this is a result of ordinary wear and tear in the course of business.
Reassessments should be done from time to time, especially, if new equipment is installed or
a drastic change occurred. These reassessments must also be written and readily available for
the workers.

Unfortunately, there are numerous working conditions that may become the root of hazards.

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But as a guide, the person identifying the hazard must watch out for the following signs:

1. Probability of falling objects or debris

2. Any materials, tools, equipment, or any other object that can puncture skin
3. Any materials, tools, equipment, or any other object that can crush the feet or any other
parts of the human body
4. Sources of toxic chemicals
5. Excessive heat
6. Dust harmful to the respiratory system or to the eyes
7. Radiation emanating from the equipment

Safety Signs and Symbols

A successful identification of hazards in the workplace results to better organization
procedures for safety. Once hazards are identified, the organization can now set up signs,
signals, and barricades that will serve as warning and reminder for the workers. S ​ afety Signs
and Symbols​ are visual representations of directions or warnings to help workers avoid
accidents and hazards in the workplace. ​Barricades a ​ re usually blockades in the form of an
object that can obstruct pathway or a caution tape that stops workers from intruding the
hazardous part of the workplace.

In general, it is required for signs and symbols to be visible at all times during work hours. The
Occupational Safety and Health Standards provided a color scheme in creating safety signs
and symbols in the workplace. This is to help humans recall the meaning of each sign and
symbol easily. It is essential, especially for a worker, to know the meaning of these signs and
symbols. The worker will be warned on the possible dangers that he might encounter and
avoid accidents. Table 1 provides a summary of the most common signs in the carpentry
industry.

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 Type of Illustration Meaning Color Scheme
Sign

Danger Danger signs are Danger signs should be

Signs usually utilized for predominantly red.
immediate and Additional information
currently existing may be written on the
hazards. This sign sign for further
disallows a certain clarification. Red is also
behavior that could used for fire protection.
contribute to likelihood
of accidents.

Caution This sign warns Yellow is used to

Signs workers about caution workers from
hazardous substances impending hazards.
nearby such as heavy Black must be used for
equipment, debris, the wordings because it
electricity or dangerous creates a contrast
gas. against the yellow
background making it
easier to read.

Exit signs Exit signs direct In accordance with the

workers to pathway in standard, exit signs
case of emergencies must be lettered in
and the workers must legible white letters
leave the premises against a red
immediately. background.

Safety Safety sign provides for To illustrate safety,

Instruction the location of green must be used. It
Signs emergency escape could be a sign that a
routes and first-aid first aid kit area is
treatment spots. nearby.

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 Directional This sign points the The color scheme
Signs worker to the varies for every
appropriate aisles or workplace as long as
certain locations in the the signs are
workplace. reasonably readable
even from afar.

Traffic Signs Traffic sign is usually Traffic signs are

seen around predominantly red with
construction areas for white and bold
the protection of the lettering.
construction workers
at point hazard or
where the accident is
more likely to occur.

Accidental This tag directs a Tags vary from one

Prevention worker to do a specific workplace to another.
Tags behavior like a sign The illustrations must
that directs the worker be understandable and
to wear personal explained in the worker
protective equipment. orientation.
Accident prevention
tags are usually
temporary and meant
for the sole purpose of
preventing the
currently existing
hazed such as
defective tools or
equipment.
Table 1.​ Common Safety Signs and Symbols in the Workplace and Its Meaning

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment is an encompassing term for all equipment which humans can
wear for protection against hazards in the workplace. It is the duty of the employers and/or
management to provide the workers their respective personal protective equipment in
accordance with organization protocols. Each workplace situation asks for a specific type of
personal protective equipment. For instance, carpenters in a workshop must wear goggles to
protect their eyes from harmful dust while carpenters dealing with noisy equipment must use
ear plugs. The carpenter must also be knowledgeable on how to wear the PPE so that he
would be comfortable and safe at the same time. After using the PPE, it must be stored in a
clean storage room which is accessible to all the workers.

In the carpentry industry, the most common Personal protective equipment are for face
protection, foot protection, hand protection, hearing protection, and respiratory protection.
Goggles and masks​ are usually worn to avoid the risk caused by flying particles, liquid
chemicals, or hazardous gas. In carpentry, there is a special type of shoes that must be used.
These are called ​safety shoes​ which are created especially for high impact protection against
falling heavy objects or sharp objects that puncture ordinary shoes. G ​ loves ​protect carpenters
from cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns, chemical absorption, and exhaust temperature while
handling materials such as lumber. ​Ear muffs or ear plugs e ​ nsures that workers are not
exposed to more than 90 decibels of noise during eight hours which is the standard working
hours in the Philippines. For workplaces dealing with harmful gases, tiny particles, or harmful
dust, r​ espirators m
​ ust be worn to avoid long term damage on the whole respiratory system.

Personal protective Specific examples

equipment
classifications

Face protection spectacles, goggles, shields, visors, masks, face shield

Ear protection ear muffs, headphones, plugs

Respiratory protection air supply, dust masks, gas filters, half-mask respirator

Hand protection rubber gloves, surgical gloves, leather gloves

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 Foot protection safety shoes, boots
Table 2. ​ Classifications of PPE and examples

G
​ ear Up!
Section 1. Protocol in Case of Accidents, Fire, and Emergencies

Fig. 3.​ A common workshop of a mechanic. source: PIXABAY.com

As discussed above, accidents are unforeseen and unfavorable situations. Humans can only
decrease the likelihood of its occurrence but total eradication of accidents is impossible. As a

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student of carpentry, you must be equipped with the knowledge on how to deal whenever
dangerous situations arise in the workplace. In general, always stay calm and do not act
recklessly due to fear. Call the attention of the teacher in case of any emergency.

When dealing with fire, immediately warn all the people in the workplace. If the fire is small,
use the fire extinguisher usually located in an enclosed glass case in the workplace. If the fire
is dangerously spreading, don’t hesitate to immediately leave the premises and call the fire
station.

In case of accidents wherein an injury is involved, take note of the following steps:
1. Always maintain your composure and remember that panic will not improve the situation.
2. Carefully analyze the situation
3. Immediately inform your teacher about the accident.
4. Apply first aid if necessary to the victim while waiting for a medical practitioner

Section 2. First Aid Treatment

Fig. 4​ Common things inside a First Aid Kit. source: PIXABAY.com

The Department of Labor and Employment defined First Aid Treatment as, “adequate,
immediate and necessary medical and/or dental attendance or remedy given in case of injury
or sudden illness suffered by the workers, irrespective of whether or not such illness/injury is

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occupational in nature, before more extensive medical and/or dental treatment can be
secured. It does not include following treatment for an injury or illness.”

The same standards also enumerated the duties of the First-Aider:

(1) Give immediate temporary treatment in case of injury or illness, before the services of a
physician becomes available. If the case needs a physician the first-aider shall immediately
call or refer the injured to one;
(2) Participate in the maintenance of occupational safety and health programs, if a member of
the Safety Committee; and
(3) Maintain medical services and facilities.

Some examples of typical first aid treatment are as follows:

Minor Cuts or Scrapes

1. Inspect the gravity of the cut or scrape by examining the skin around the punctured
area.
2. Wash the cut or scrape.
3. Disinfect the cut or scrape.
4. Use a Band-Aid or gauze to cover the punctured skin.

Closed Fracture
1. Do not move the patient from his or her location.
2. Look for a splint and wrap it around the fractured area.
3. Make sure that the fractured area will not be moved.
4. Call a medical practitioner.

Bleeding
1. Wrap the wound with gauze or cloth.
2. Apply pressure on the wound to induce blood clot.
3. Keep the cloth or gauze until a licensed medical practitioner arrives.

Simple Burns
1. Apply cold water on the burned area for several minutes.
2. Wrap the burned area with gauze.

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Heat Exhaustion
1. Transport the person to a well ventilated place.
2. Give him fluids to replenish what he lost.
3. Put on a cool cloth on forehead or back of the neck.
4. Immediately contact a licensed medical practitioner to avoid the risk of heat stroke.

Maintaining Safety in the Workplace

To reiterate, safety in the workplace does not end in identifying the hazards in the workplace.
To ensure the safety of the workers, it must be a continued effort from the organization and
the workers themselves. That is why it is important to maintain the safety in the workplace.
And this is accomplished through the 5S which originated from Japan.

The 5S stands for SORT, SYSTEMATIZE, SWEEP, SANITIZE, and SUSTAIN. These words are taken
together for the integration of action, condition and culture. Table 3 refers to the explanations
for each S.

5S Description

SORT The act of eliminating unnecessary items such as broken tools and
waste materials around the workplace and disposing them properly
afterwards.

SYSTEMATIZE The act of arranging the items that are still necessary for the
carpentry project in a good and orderly manner.

SWEEP The act of cleaning the workshop to remove dirt, dusts, and garbage.

SANITIZE The condition of maintaining high standards of housekeeping to

eradicate hazards such as dust and rust that may be harmful to the
health of the workers.

SUSTAIN Sustain is both a condition and a culture wherein people in the

organization possess initiative in keeping the workplace a safe and

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 happy environment for all.
Table 3. ​ ​The 5S in Workplace Safety

Steps in Practicing the 5S

The first step in maintaining the cleanliness and safety around the workplace is SORT. There
are different ways in disposing the unnecessary items. The people in the workplace can
choose whether to ​sell the items, ​move to other department of the workplace where the item
may be needed, or t​ hrow​ the items as garbage.

SORT
Step 1. Examine the workplace by looking around.

Step 2. Identify the unnecessary items which are no longer needed for the carpentry project.

Step 3. Throw away the unnecessary items in the proper disposal.

Step 4. If it is difficult to determine if the item is unnecessary or not, label the item with
“DISPOSAL NOTICE” and carefully set them aside.

Step 5. If two months already passed and no one needed the items labeled with “DISPOSAL
NOTICE,” the items are deemed no longer needed for work.

While sorting or disposing is important, it is also crucial to avoid waste or throwing away
perfectly good items. That is why it is better to consult with the person authorized to make the
disposals and know the places where excessive stock of materials and supplies can be
returned. Once you are sure that all the unnecessary items are eliminated, the next step is
SYSTEMATIZE.

SYSTEMATIZE
Step 1. Call upon your workmates and decide as a group regarding which items are still
necessary for the project.

Step 2. Frequently needed items must be placed close to the workers to minimize

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movements. While things that are seldom used should be stored farther away in a clean and
safe storage.

Step 3. Make sure that the location where the necessary items are placed are labeled so that
the workers can efficiently bring out the items for later use.

Once you and your workmates achieved the objective of SYSTEMATIZE which is to create a
safe and efficient workplace, the next step is SWEEP. This action is actually correlated in all the
activities in the carpentry industry.

SWEEP
Step 1. Even if the workplace is not yet considered as dirty, regularly clean the machine,
equipment, tools, and furniture in the workplace.

Step 2. Watch out for crevices where pests might proliferate and affect the cleanliness of the
workplace

Step 3. Conduct regular cleaning on an hour basis, daily, weekly, or monthly depending on the
needs of the workplace.

A condition called SANITIZE is closely related to SWEEP that focuses more on housekeeping.

SANITIZE
Step 1. Formulate a maintenance system for housekeeping which includes a cleaning schedule
and indication of the names of the people in charge.

Step 2. Regularly inspect and evaluate the condition of the workplace regarding hazards.

Lastly, the workplace must impose a positive culture where all the workers have SUSTAIN
which is the last 5S. Each one of the people must treat the workplace as if it is their home
which is worthy of care and maintenance. If this is the mindset, sooner or later, an excellent
habit or way of life will be developed.

Apart from maintaining the safety in the workplace, individuals will also gain five things:

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CREATIVITY, COMMUNICATION, HUMAN RELATION, COMRADESHIP, AND VITALITY. The
workers will improve their creativity in improving the overall aesthetic and efficiency of the
workplace. There will be better communication among the workers in finishing the carpentry
projects. Everyone will be in a better mood since human relation is improved. A clear and tidy
working environment is enjoyable. Due to these positive factors, the quality of the work will
result from a good environment. People can work together better which is a sign of
comradeship. And ultimately, the 5S improves the quality of the life of the workers as it brings
vitality to the health of the workers. Always remember that a clean workplace is a healthy
workplace.

Safety First In The shop

In prioritizing the safety in the workplace, employers make sure that accidents are reduced by
providing good lighting and ventilation for everyone. Aside from that, there are regular
control measures in the workplace in the form of communication, consultation, safety and
health committee meetings, keeping incident, accident and near-miss records, and repair and
maintenance reports. Furthermore, ​training sessions for the workers are conducted to
provide information on workplace safety and health, hazards and risks in the workplace,
safety procedures and protocols, manual on using the machine, tools, and equipment. There

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are also ​seminars on the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its
importance.

Try This!

Answer the following questions

1. What are the 5S?

2. Why is it crucial to protect the respiratory system of the people in the carpentry
industry?
3. What are safety shoes?
4. What is the predominant color in an exit sign?
5. Why is it important to conduct training sessions for the workers regarding safety and
health?

Tinker Time!

Your task is to interview a carpenter employed in a workshop. Your goal is to compare the
actual safety precautions in their workshop from what you learned in this chapter. As an
interviewer, you must prepare a set of questionnaires before the interview that will help you
understand the safety standards practices in the real world. You need to convince your
teacher that you were able to apply the learnings from this unit to your real life interview. The
context you find yourself in is a face-to-face examination of a real life practitioner. You will
create an essay regarding your discovery in order to compare and contrast the safety
standards.

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 [2] [3] [4]
[1]
Criteria Needs Successful Exemplary Rating
Below expectations
Improvement performance performance
The details in the The details in the The details in the The details in the
essay are absolutely essay are lacking. essay are essay are
lacking. complete. complete and the
Detail-Orientedness description are
very detailed.

The essay does not The essay contains The essay contains The essay
contain any few concepts from enough concepts contains all
Application of the concepts concepts from the the chapter. from the chapter. concepts from the
chapter. chapter.

The essay is not The essay is slightly The essay is The essay
Presentation presentable. presentable. presentable. exceeded the
expectations of
the teacher.
The questionnaire The questionnaire The questionnaire The questionnaire
does not encompass lacks crucial contains substantial exceeded the
Questionnaire expectations of
the crucial learnings learnings in this learnings in this
the teacher.
in this chapter. chapter chapter

Check Up

A. True or False.
1. First aid treatment is required in all situation of injuries.
2. Goggles and masks are used to protect the ears.
3. Hazards and accidents should be eradicated and avoided at all times.
4. Radiation is not hazardous to health.
5. Identifying the risks and hazards in the workplace is a requisite before starting a
project.
6. Barricades are placed by the management.
7. Personal protective equipment must be worn even outside the workplace.
8. The 5S originated in China.
9. SOLVE is one of the 5S.
10. Risks and hazards must be written down.

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 B. Answer the following questions.
1. Is it important to write down the identified risks and hazards in the workplace?
Why?
2. What are the different ways to dispose unnecessary items in the workplace?
3. What are the steps to SYSTEMATIZE the workplace?
4. What are the things gained by an individual in practicing the 5S?
5. What are the most common safety signs and symbols in the carpentry industry?

C. Answer the following questions.

1. Why do organizations set up procedures regarding safety regulations and hazard
control practices?
2. What are the steps taken by the organization to maintain the safety of a
workplace?
3. What are the signs that a person identifying the hazards must look out for?
4. Is it true that risk and hazard assessments are done regularly? Why?
5. What is the difference between a caution sign and a safety instruction sign?

Production Time
​The 5S in My Classroom

Your task is to create a presentation applying the concepts of 5S in your classroom. Your goal
is to be able to present in front of the class by a medium of your own choosing (powerpoint,
speech, song). As the presenter, you must be able to explain how the concepts of 5S is
applicable in the classroom and discuss the effects of applying the 5S on the overall dynamics
of all the people in your class. You need to convince your teacher that you were able to apply
the learnings from this unit to this project. The context you find yourself in is the same
scenario that the management of the workplace experiences in formulating safety nets and
organization protocols.

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 [2] [3] [4]
[1]
Criteria Needs Successful Exemplary Rating
Below expectations
Improvement performance performance
The information The information The information The information
presented are presented are presented presented are
absolutely lacking. lacking. requested are complete and the
Detail-Orientedness complete. description are
very detailed.

The presentation do The presentation The presentation The presentation

not contain any contain few contain enough contain all
Application of the concepts concepts from the concepts from the concepts from the concepts from the
chapter. chapter. chapter. chapter.

The performance is The performance is The performance is The performance

Presentation not presentable. slightly presentable. presentable. exceeded the
expectations of
the teacher.

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 Recap

Type of Illustration Meaning Color Scheme

Sign

Danger Danger signs are Danger signs should be

Signs usually utilized for predominantly red.
immediate and Additional information
currently existing may be written on the
hazards. This sign sign for further
disallows a certain clarification. Red is also
behavior that could used for fire protection.
contribute to likelihood
of accidents.

Caution This sign warns Yellow is used to

Signs workers about caution workers from
hazardous substances impending hazards.
nearby such as heavy Black must be used for
equipment, debris, the wordings because it
electricity or dangerous creates a contrast
gas. against the yellow
background making it
easier to read.

Exit signs Exit signs direct In accordance with the

workers to pathway in standard, exit signs
case of emergencies must be lettered in
and the workers must legible white letters
leave the premises against a red
immediately. background.

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 Safety Safety sign provides for To illustrate safety,
Instruction the location of green must be used. It
Signs emergency escape could be a sign that a
routes and first-aid first aid kit area is
treatment spots. nearby.

Directional This sign points the The color scheme

Signs worker to the varies for every
appropriate aisles or workplace as long as
certain locations in the the signs are
workplace. reasonably readable
even from afar.

Traffic Signs Traffic sign is usually Traffic signs are

seen around predominantly red with
construction areas for white and bold
the protection of the lettering.
construction workers
at point hazard or
where the accident is
more likely to occur.

Accidental This tag directs a Tags vary from one

Prevention worker to do a specific workplace to another.
Tags behavior like a sign The illustrations must
that directs the worker be understandable and
to wear personal explained in the worker
protective equipment. orientation.
Accident prevention
tags are usually
temporary and meant
for the sole purpose of
preventing the
currently existing

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 hazed such as
defective tools or
equipment.

Personal protective Specific examples

equipment
classifications

Face protection spectacles, goggles, shields, visors, masks, face shield

Ear protection ear muffs, headphones, plugs

Respiratory protection air supply, dust masks, gas filters, half-mask respirator

Hand protection rubber gloves, surgical gloves, leather gloves

Foot protection safety shoes, boots

5S Description

SORT The act of eliminating unnecessary items such as broken tools and
waste materials around the workplace and disposing them properly
afterwards.

SYSTEMATIZE The act of arranging the items that are still necessary for the
carpentry project in a good and orderly manner.

SWEEP The act of cleaning the workshop to remove dirt, dusts, and garbage.

SANITIZE The condition of maintaining high standards of housekeeping to

eradicate hazards such as dust and rust that may be harmful to the
health of the workers.

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 sustain sustain is both a condition and a culture wherein people in the
organization possess initiative in keeping the workplace a safe and
happy environment for all.

Bibliography
Alli, Benjamin O. 2008. ​Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health and Safety​. Switzerland:
International Labour Organization.

Koel, Leonard. (2009). ​ “Carpentry.” ​Orland Park: Amer Technical Pub.

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Department of Education. “K to 12: Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module:
Carpentry.” Manila: Department of Education.

Department of Labor and Employment. 2016. ​Occupational Safety and Health Standards​.
Manila: Occupational Safety and Health Center.

Department of Labor and Employment. “Kaso ng Pagkakasakit Dahil Sa Trabaho.” Accessed

November 13, 2018.
http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/content/press-releases/65-kaso-ng-pagkakasakit-dahil-sa-
trabaho.

Department of Labor and Employment. “DOLE Department Order No. 53-02.” Accessed
November 13, 2018.
http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/content/press-releases/63-dole-department-order-no-53-03.

Jowaheer Consulting and Technologies. 2012. ​Workshop Practice​. Northcliff: Troupant

Publishers Ltd.

Glossary

5S​ is the integration of action, condition, and culture for the maintenance of health and safety
in the workplace.
Accidental Prevention Tag ​directs a worker to do a specific behavior like a sign that directs
the worker to wear personal protective equipment.
Accidents ​are unforeseen and unfavorable events that leads to any kind of harm on the
workers
Barricades a ​ re usually blockades in the form of an object that can obstruct pathway or a
caution tape that stops workers from intruding the hazardous part of the workplace.
Caution sign​ warns workers about hazardous substances nearby such as heavy equipment,
debris, electricity or dangerous gas.
Danger signs​ are usually utilized for immediate and currently existing hazards. This sign
disallows a certain behavior that could contribute to likelihood of accidents.

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Directional sign ​points the worker to the appropriate aisles or certain locations in the
workplace.
First Aid Treatment ​is the adequate, immediate and necessary medical and/or dental
attendance or remedy given in case of injury or sudden illness suffered by the workers,
irrespective of whether or not such illness/injury is occupational in nature, before more
extensive medical and/or dental treatment can be secured. It does not include following
treatment for an injury or illness
Hazard i​ s any factor that could cause danger to a person and some examples are electric
shock, heat, radiation, falling debris or toxic substances.
Injury​ involves physical pain, wound or any other harm to the body of a person.
Occupational Safety and Health Standards​ is a type of science that aims to control and
prevent hazards caused by the workplace that could harm the health and well-being of
workers.
Personal protective equipment​ is an encompassing term for all equipment which humans
can wear for protection against hazards in the workplace
Safe handling ​refers to the proper knowledge on tools, equipment and materials in the
workplace and the capability to apply this knowledge skillfully and carefully during interaction.
Safety​ means a person is far from danger
Safety Signs and Symbols ​are visual representations of directions or warnings to help
workers avoid accidents and hazards in the workplace
Safety Instruction Sign​ provides for the location of emergency escape routes and first-aid
treatment spots.
Traffic sign​ is usually seen around construction areas for the protection of the construction
workers at point hazard or where the accident is more likely to occur.

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​ opyright ​©​ 2018 Quipper Limited