Unpacking the Self

Lesson 1: The Physical and Sexual Self

CHAPTER II: Lesson 1

NAME:____________________________________ COURSE/YEAR:__________________
DATE:____________________________________ SEMESTER:______________________

ACTIVITY Defining Beauty

I. Complete the sentences below.

1. For me, beauty means 2. I am beautiful because
_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
___________________________________________ _______________________________________________

II. Fill out the table below by listing the common secondary sexual male and female characteristics.
Male Secondary Sexual Characteristics Female Secondary Sexual Characteristics

1. When do we usually observe the changes listed above for males and females?
2. How does society shape the sexual behaviour of an individual?

APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT

1. CREATIVE WORK. Propose a program in school or community that will raise the awareness of the
students and to help eliminate sexually transmitted diseases especially among the youth.
LET’S UNDERSTAND CHAPTER II: Lesson 1
2. AGREE or DISAGREE. Are you in favor of legalizing marriage among homosexuals and transgender?
ANALYSIS
Why? (reproductive glands that produce the gametes;
Gonads testes or ovary) begin to form until about the eight
week of embryonic reproductive structures of males and females are alike and are said to be in the indifferent stage.
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When the primary reproductive structures are formed, development of the accessory structures and external genitalia
begins. The formation of male and female structures depends on the presence of testosterone.
 Any intervention with the normal pattern of sex
hormone production in the embryo results in strange
abnormalities. For instance, a genetic male develops
the female accessory structures and external genitalia
if the embryonic testes fail to produce testosterone. On
the other hand, if a genetic female is exposed
testosterone (as in the case of a mother with androgen-
producing tumor of her adrenal gland), the embryo has
ovaries but may develop male accessory ducts and
glands, as well as a male reproductive organ and an
empty scrotum. As a result, pseudo hermaphrodites
are formed who are individuals having accessory
reproductive structure that do not “match” their
gonads while true hermaphrodites are individuals who
possess both ovarian and testicular tissues but this
condition is rare in nature.
Many pseudohermaphrodites undergo sex change
operations to their outer selves (external genitalia) fit
with their inner selves (gonads).

Puberty is the period of life, generally between the ages of 10 and 15 years
old, when the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become
functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones
The changes that occur during puberty (testosterone
is similar and estrogen).inAfter
in sequence all this tine, reproductive capability continues
until
individuals but the age which they occur old age
differs in males
among and menopause
individuals. In in females.
males, as they reach the age of 13, puberty is characterized by the
increase in the size of the reproductive organs followed by the
appearance of hair in the public area, axillary and 2 face. The
reproductive organs continue to grow for two years until sexual
maturation marked by presence of mature semen in the testes.
 In females, the budding of their
breasts usually occurring at the
age of 11 signals their puberty
stage. Menarche is the first
menstrual period of females
which happens two years after
the start of puberty. Hormones
play an important role in the
regulation of ovulation and
fertility of females.

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Infections are the most common problems associated In males, the most common inflammatory conditions are
with the reproductive system in adults. Vaginal prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis, all of which may
infections are more common in young and elderly follow sexual contacts in which sexually transmitted
women and in those whose resistance to diseases is disease (STD) microorganisms are transmitted.
low. The usual infections include those caused by Orchiditis, or inflammation of the testes, is rather
Escherichia coli which spread through the digestive uncommon but is serious because it can cause sterility.
tract; the sexually transmitted microorganisms such Orchiditis most commonly follows mumps in an adult
as syphilis, gonorrhoea, and herpes virus; and yeast (a male.
type of fungus).
Most women hit the highest point of their reproductive abilities in their late 20s. A natural decrease in ovarian
function usually follows characterized by reduced estrogen production that causes irregular ovulation and shorter
menstrual periods. Consequently, ovulation and menses stop entirely, ending childbearing ability. This event is
called as menopause, which occurs when females no longer experience menstruation.
There is no counterpart for menopause in males. Although aging men show a steady decline in testosterone
secretion, their reproductive capability seems unending, Healthy men are still able to father offspring well into
their 80s and beyond.

EROGENOUS ZONES

arts of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual arousal when
Some of the commonly known erogenous zones are the mouth, breasts, genitals,
may vary from one person to another.

HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

Human sexual behavior is defined as any activity-solitary, between two persons, or in a group-that induces sexual arousal.
There are two major factors that determine human sexual3 behavior: the inherited sexual response patterns that have
evolved as a means of ensuring reproduction and that become part of each individual’s genetic in heritance, and the
degree of restraint or other types of influence exerted on the individual by society in the expression of his sexuality.
 The various types of human sexual behavior are usually classified according to the gender and number of participants.
There is solitary behavior involving only one individual, and there is sociosexual behavior involving more than one
person. Sociosexual behavior is generally divided into heterosexual (male with female) behavior and homosexual
behavior (male with male or female with female). If three or more individuals are involved, it is, possible to have
heterosexual and homosexual activity simultaneously.
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR
1. Solitary Behavior 2. Sociosexual Behavior
Self-gratification means self-stimulation that leads to Heterosexual behaviour is the greatest amount of
sexual arousal and generally, sexual climax. Usually, sociosexual behaviour that occurs between only one
most self-=gratification takes place in private as an end in male and female. It usually begins in childhood and
itself, but can also be done in a sociosexual relationship. may be motivated by curiosity, such as showing or
examining genitalia.

PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE

Sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases when sexual activity is continued.

1. Excitement phase- it is caused by increase in pulse and blood pressure; a sudden rise in blood supply to the surface
of the body resulting in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts, more rapid
breathing, the secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and a general increase in muscle tension. These
symptoms of arousal eventually increase to a near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage.
2. Plateau phase- it is generally of brief duration. If stimulation is continued, orgasm usually occurs.
3. Sexual climax- it is marked be a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pressure,
and spasms of the pelvic muscles causing contractions of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the male.
It is also characterized by involuntary vocalizations. Sexual climax may last for a few seconds (normally not over
ten), after which the individual enters the resolution phase.
4. Resolution phase- it is the last stage that refers to the return to a normal or subnormal physiologic state. Males and
Females are similar in their response sequence. Whereas males return to normal even if stimulation continues, but
continued stimulation can produce additional organism in females. Females are physically capable of repeated
orgasms without the intervening “rest period” required by males.

NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS

The entire nervous system plays a significant role during sexual response. The automatic system is involved in
controlling the involuntary responses. In the presence of a stimulus capable enough of initiating a sexual response, the
efferent cerebrospinal nerves transmit the sensory messages to the brain.

 The hypothalamus and the limbic system are the parts of the brain believed to be responsible for regulating the
sexual response, but there is no specialized “sex center” that has been located in the human brain.
 Apart from brain-controlled sexual responses, there is some reflex (i.e., not brain controlled) sexual response.
This reflex is mediated by the lower spinal cord and leads to erection and ejaculation for male, vaginal
SEXUAL PROBLEMS
discharges and lubrication for female when the genital and perinatal areas are stimulated.
Sexual Problems may be classified as physiological, psychological, and social in origin. Any given problem may involve
all three categories.
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Physiological problems are the least among the three categories. Only a small number of people suffer from diseases that
are due to abnormal development of the genitalia or that part of the neurophysiology controlling sexual response. Some
common physiologic conditions that can disturb sexual response include vaginal infections, retroverted uteri, prostatitis,
Psychological problems comprise by far the largest category. They are usually caused by socially induced inhibitions,
maladaptive attitudes, ignorance, and sexual myths held by society. An example of the latter is the belief that good,
mature sex must involve rapid erection, prolong coitus, and simultaneous orgasm.

Ejaculatory impotence, which results from the inability to ejaculate in coitus, is uncommon and is usually of
psychogenic origin. It appears to be associated with idea of contamination or with memories of traumatic experiences.

Vaginismus is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constricting the female reproductive organ so that penetration is
painful or impossible. It can be due to anti-sexual conditioning or psychological trauma that serves as an unconscious
defense against coitus.
Premature emission of semen is a common problem, especially for young males Sometimes this is not the consequence
of any psychological problem but the natural result of excessive tension in a male who has been sexually deprived.
Erectile impotence is almost always of psychological origin in males under 40; in older males, physical causes are more
often involved. Fear of being impotent frequently causes impotence, and in many cases, the afflicted male is simply
caught up in a self-perpetuating problem that can be solved only by achieving a successful act of coitus. In other cases the
impotence may be the result of disinterest in th sexual partner, fatigue, and distraction because of nonsexual worries,
intoxication, or other causes- such occasional impotency is common and requires no therapy.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected through
SEXUAL CONTACT.
i.e., includes gonorrhoea, genital, herpes, human papillomavirus infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), chlamydia, and syphilis.

STDs are significant global health priority because their overwhelming impact on women and infants and their inter-
relationships with HIV and AIDS.

CHLAMYDIA

 It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) cause by bacteria called chlamydia trachomatis. Usually is doesn’t
cause any symptoms and can be easily treated with antibiotics. However, if it isn’t treated early it can spread to
other parts of your body and lead spread to other parts of your body and lead to long-term health problems.

GONORRHEA

 It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) cause by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhea. It tends to infect warm,
CHANCROID
moist areas of the body, including the: urethra (the tube that drains urine from the urinary bladder)
 It is bacterial infection that causes open sores on or around the genitals of men and women. It’s a type of
5 transmitted through sexual contact. It’s rarely seen in the
sexually transmitted disease (STD), which means it’s
US. It occurs most frequently in developing nations.
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

 HPV is a viral infection that passed between people through skin to skin contact. There are over 100 varieties of
HPV, more than 40 of which are passed through sexual contact and can affect your genitals, mouth or throat.

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

 HSV and infection that causes herpes. Herpes can appear in various parts of the body, most commonly on the
genitals or mouth.

SYPHILIS

 Bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. The disease starts as a painless sore- typically on your
genitals, rectum or mouth.

TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

 It is a parasitic protozoan that infects the urogenital tract of both women and men. It is caused by T vaginalis.

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION

Natural Method
 The natural family planning methods do not involve any chemical or foreign body introduction into the
human body. People who are very conscious of their religious beliefs are more inclined to use the natural
way of birth control and others follow such natural methods because they are more cost effective.

b. Abstinence a. Calendar Method

 This natural method involves refraining from sexual  This is also called rhythm method. It entails
intercourse and is the most effective natural birth withholding the coitus during the days that
control method with ideally 0% fail rate. women as fertile. According to the
menstrual cycle, the woman is likely to
conceive three or four days before and three
or four days after ovulation.

d. Basal Body Temperature c. Cervical Mucus Method

 BBT indicates the woman’s temperature at rest.  The change in the cervical mucus during
Before the day of ovulation and during ovulation, ovulation is the basis for this method. During
BBT falls at 0.5 F; it increases to a full degree ovulation, the cervical mucus is copious, thin,
because of progesterone and maintains its level 6 and watery. Therefore, she must avoid coitus
throughout the menstrual cycle. during those days to prevent conception.
f. Symptothermal Method e. Ovulation Detection
 This is a combination of the BBT method  This detection method ustes an over the
and the cervical mucus method. The counter kit that requires the urine sample of
women records her temperature every the woman. The kit can predict ovulation
morning and also takes note of changes in through the surge of luteinizing hormone
her cervical mucus. She should abstain (LH) that happens 12 to 24 hours before
from coitus three days after a rise in her ovulation.
temperature or on the fourth day after the
peak of a mucus change.

g. Coitus Interruptus
 One of the oldest methods that prevents
conception. A couple still goes on with
coitus, but the man withdraws the moment
he ejaculates to emit the spermatozoa
outside of the female reproductive organ.

Artificial Method

Oral Contraceptives Transdermal Patch

 Also known as the pill, it contains synthetic  This contains both estrogen and
estrogen and progesterone. It is suggested progesterone. The woman should apply one
that the woman takes the first pill on the patch every week for three weeks.
Sunday after the beginning of a menstrual
flow, or as soon as it is prescribed by the
doctor.

Vaginal ring Subdermal Implants

 It releases a combination of estrogen and  Two rod like implants inserted under the skin of
progesterone and it surrounds the cervix. This the female during her menses or on the 7thday
silicon ring is inserted into the female of her menstruation to make sure that she will
reproductive organ and remains there for three not get pregnant. This can be helpful for three to
weeks and then removed on the fourth week, five years.
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as menstrual cycle occur.
Intrauterine Device
 A small T- shaped object containing
progesterone that is inserted into the uterus
via female reproductive organ. This can be
effective for five to seven years.

Cervical Cap Hormonal Injections

 Made of soft rubber and fitted on the rim of  This contains medroxyprogesterone, a
the cervix. It shaped like a thimble with a progesterone, and is usually given once every
thin rim, and could stay in place for not 12 weeks intramuscularly.
more than 48 hours.

Female Condoms Chemical Barriers

 Chemical barriers such as spermicides, vaginal
 Female condoms are made up of latex
gels and creams, and glycerin film are used to
rubber sheaths that are pre-lubricated with
cause the death of sperms before they can
spermicide. They are usually bound by two
enter the cervix and lower the pH level of
rings.
female reproductive organ so it will not
become conducive for sperm.

Male Condoms Diaphragm

 The male condom is a latex or synthetic  It is circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix
rubber sheath that is placed on the erect and should be placed before coitus. The
male reproductive organ before penetration diaphragm should be fitted only by physician,
into female reproductive organ to trap the and should remain in place for six hours after
sperm during ejaculation. coitus.

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 Surgical Methods
 Male vasectomy, a small incision is made on each side of then scrotum. The vas deferens is then tied,
cauterized, cut, or plugged to block the passage of the sperm. In women, tubal ligation is performed
after menstruation and before ovulation. The procedure is done through a small incision under
woman’s umbilicus that targets the fallopian tube for cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to inhibit the
passage of both the sperm and the ova.

Unpacking the Self

Lesson 2: Material self

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CHAPTER II: Lesson 2
NAME:____________________________________ COURSE/YEAR:__________________
DATE:____________________________________ SEMESTER:______________________

ACTIVITY Debit Card Challenge

A very wealthy person gave you a debit card and told you to use it as much as you
want to make yourself happy (minimum of 10). What are you going to do with it? Make a
list of what you want to have. Write as many as you want.

ANALYSIS
Answer the following questions:
1. How do you feel as you do the Debit Card Challenge?
2. Which among the items in your list you like the most? Why?

APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT

Debit Card Challenge

List
1. Go back to your Debit Card Challenge List. Put a mark on the left side of each item
with the following categories;

B -if the item is related with your body

C -if the item is related with clothes
F -if the item is related or intended to your family
H -if the item is related with home

2. Answer the following questions:

 Which among the categories you have the most in your list?
 What do you think these things tell you about yourself?

3. Make a reflection paper about material self. You may use your answers from the above
questions in making your paper.

LET’S UNDERSTAND CHAPTER II: Lesson 2

Material Self
According to a Harvard psychologist, William James, wrote in his book, The Principles of Psychology (1890) that
10 components as: (1) its constituents; (2)the feelings and
understanding the self can be examined through its different
emotions they arouse-self-feelings; (3) the actions to which they prompt-self-seeking and self-preservation. The
constituents of self re composed of the material self, the social self, the spiritual self and pure ego.
 We are deeply affected by these things because we have put much
investment of our self to them

 The innermost part of our material self is our body.

Intentionally, we are investing in our body. We are directly
attached to this commodity that we cannot live without.
 Clothes that we used, it is believed to be essential part of
UNDERSTADING THE SELF
the material self. The fabric and style of the clothes we wear
Module No. 2
bring sensations to the body to which directly affect our
attitudes and behavior.
 Immediate family, our parents and siblings hold another
great important part of our self. We place huge investment
in our immediate family when we see them as the nearest
replica of our self.
 Home is where our heart is. It is the earliest nest of our
selfhood. Our experiences inside the home were recorded
and marked on particular parts and things in our home.

We Are What We Have

“…we regard our possessions as part of ourselves. WE are what we have and what we posses.” – Russel Belk
The identification of self to things started in our infancy stage when we make a distinction among self and
environment and others who may desire our possessions. As we grow older, putting importance to material
possession decreases. Hoever, material possession gains higher value in our lifetime if we use material possession
to find happiness, associate these things with significant events, accomplishments, and people in our lives. There
are even times , when material possession of a person that is closely identified to the person, gains
acknowledgement with high regard even if the person already passed away.

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Prepared by:

Marvie L. Villanueva * Fritz Mojado * Ginalyn G. Dacles * Joseph Magsipoc

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