1.

Introduction
Business Analytics is a set of techniques and applications for storing, analyzing and making data
accessible to facilitate users make better strategic decisions.
Business Analytics is a subset of Business Intelligence, which creates competences for organizations
and government authorities to contest in the market efficiently and is likely to become one of the main
functional areas.
Through analytical perception, analytical stakeholders develop the ability to support decisions.
Analytics certainly influence the organization by acquiring knowledge that can be helpful to make
enhancements.
Business Analytics become an essential way for measuring the overall impact on the organization’s
revenue chart.
Concept and Application:
There are four types of Business Analytics (BA) that help an organization in gauging out the customer
sentiments and then take respective actions:
 Descriptive Analysis:
It refers to “what is happening?” or “what happened?” type analytics based on incoming data.
Such analytics is better studied by the reports.
 Diagnostic Analysis:
It refers to analysis of the past figures and facts to derive the scenarios about what happened
and why it happened.
Such as Root cause analysis report, this analysis is often a predefined reporting structure.
 Predictive Analysis:
Analysis of probabilities refers to Predictive Analysis.
Predictive analysis tries to forecast on the basis of previous data and scenarios.
This analysis helps in taking measures for the calamity or difficult situation having probability
of its occurrence.
 Prescriptive Analysis:
Whatever actions is to be taken could be found through this analysis.
This is the most essential analysis type and typically creates the standards and
recommendations for the coming phase.
Organizations after drawing out the statements, resultants, conclusions and other factors will
take a step in ensuring that the factors affecting the growth charts positively continue to exist,
whereas the damaging factors stay out of their future prospects.

Data Innovation and Increased Data handling ability of PCs, supervisors are utilizing numerous
methods to anticipate the fate of business and enhance gainfulness of the venture.
Business analytics has expanded consistently over the previous decade.
Data analytics is playing its role in the government sector and is beneficial for non-governmental
organizations.
Data analytics is used by these organizations to get deeper details of data, and further is used by the
organizations for modernizing their services, progress and determining the solution faster.
Government enterprises are adopting data analytics for taking smart decisions for the benefit of its
citizens.
Plenty of data gets generated in the government sector and processing and analyzing this data helps the
government in improving its policies and services for citizens.
 Open Data Initiatives:
The idea of open data has grown increasingly popular in the last decade and affects governing
bodies in two major ways:
- Private companies and independent groups now provide more public, easily accessible data
than even before.
- Open data initiatives in government are expanding to encourage public participation and
transparency.
Government initiatives to release data into the commons create new levels of accountability.
Members of public who view detailed reports on how they are governed in turn engage better
with institutions, provide new feedback, and become more involved in the decision-making
which concerns them.
 Defense, enforcement, and consumer protection:
Whether protecting consumers from fraud, anticipating global political shifts, or shielding
against the physical dangers of the modern world, the onus is on government to defend groups
and individuals from varied threats.
By necessity, these protections have expanded in new directions, such as cyber-security,
curtailing the spread of misinformation and fraud. It also helps in detecting their patterns of
attacks.
The government can therefore, takes appropriate action in advance to prevent people from any
kind of financial loss.
With the rise of national threats and criminal activities these days, it is important for any
government to ensure safety and security of its citizens.
With the help of data analytics, intelligence organizations can detect crime prone areas and be
prepared to prevent or stop any kind of criminal activity.
 Healthcare:
Government can use analytics to track and monitor health of its citizens.
It can also be used for tracking disease patterns.
The government can launch proper healthcare facilities in advance in the areas prone to
diseases.
It also helps in arranging and managing free medicines and vaccinations, and alike in order to
save life of people.
Real-time analysis and sensors help government departments in water management in the city.
Government organizations also use analytics to detect tax frauds and predict the revenue. And through
this tax fraud can be prevented which results in increase of revenue.
BA also helps in field of agriculture to know the appropriate time for cultivation of crops, fertilizers
required for crops and alike.
Through capability of Business Analytics in fast detection and rectification of problems, smart cities
can be built with promptness.
Conclusion:
Business Data Analytics can be considered as integral part of government, country and economy.
Government gets insights and preciseness of data in every filed be it agriculture, tax collection, smart
city planning, citizens’ problem solution, defense, data integrity, water management and all other fields
that can be thought of undertaking by government through Business Data Analytics.

2. Introduction
Big Data analytics is an effective solution for identifying behavioral patterns and establishing
strategies to help detect and prevent fraud in various business sectors.
Most companies are not aware of the information they have and how to leverage, analyze and
understand it, which can result in the loss of a large amount of potentially useful data by normalizing
fraud and other criminal activities in their processes and make them difficult to prevent and detect.
Concept and Application:
A unique defense outlook where Big Data offers a potential answer as it allows institutions or
corporations to tackle the fraud differently and get results accordingly.
Some ways Big Data helps in preventing frauds –
 Recognizing suspicious activities in advance:
Companies always lookout for real time data with suspicious behaviour.
If a card owner transacts from particular device, the bank gets notified.
If multiple transactions are made from numerous devices, the generated data should raise the
alarm and red flag the transactions.
If two transactions take place from single card from different cities within small duration, the
bank is going to get alerted.
 Leverage data to detect suspicious activities:
Companies access large data from various sources such as social media, logs, call center
conversation and that data can be very helpful in determining abnormal activities.
For instance, a person is travelling and has updated his status as travelling on his social media
handle. Now that person’s card at that period is considered suspicious and can be blocked at the
company discretion.
Using Big Data provides industries involved in critical financial transactions an opportunity to avoid
the scam to great extent.
Using Big Data requires the companies to be conducive to change and need to learn to be data-driven
and data-centric and solve problems that call for bigger data sets, such as cultural change needs to
happen for Big Data solutions to become universal norm across the industry, including solution that
don’t work or take you to a dead end but invariably end up educating you.
Business Analytics helps organization:
- To understand leads, audience, prospects and visitors.
- To understand, improve, and track the method the can be used to impress and convert the
first lead into a valuable customer.
Significance of Business Analytics (BA) –
 Vision about customer behaviour:
It increases your skill to examine the present purchasing trend.
Once you get to know what your customer is ordering, the information can be used to create
products matching the present consumption trends and, thus improve your cost-effectiveness
since you can now attract more valued customers.
 Improve Visibility:
BA helps in getting to vantage point in the organizational complexities where one can have
better visibility of the processes and make it likely to recognize any parts requiring fix or
improvement.
 Convert data into worthy information:
A Business Intelligence system is a logical tool that can allow to enable in making successful
strategies.
Such system can identify pattern and key trends from organization’s data, so it makes easier to
connect the hops that seem disconnected.
 Improve efficiency:
One critical reason to consider BI system is increase the efficacy of the organization leading to
increased productivity.
BI helps in sharing information across multiple channels in the organization, saving time on
reporting analytics and processes.
It reduces redundancy of duties or roles within the organization and improve precision and
practicality of data produced by different divisions.

For the potential growth and the vision of the company to be strong and in right direction –
 Companies can use Big Data Frameworks like Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, and Apache
Kafka.
 Business Analytics with Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence is used for fraud
detection in better way.
Apache Hadoop – It is an open source, Big Data processing framework, which is designed to
handle large amounts of data in a distributed manner across a cluster of commodity servers.
Apache Spark – It is an open source, general purpose distributed processing system used for Big
Data workloads that provides high-level APIs in Java, Scala, Python, and R.
It was designed to replace Map Reduce and improve upon its shortcomings, such as slow batch
processing times and lack of support for interactive and real-time data analysis.
Apache Kafka – It is an open-source, distributed streaming platform that allows developers to
create applications that continuously produce and consume data streams.
In detail, it enables the creation of applications that react to events as they happen in real-time.
In online fraud detection and prevention, machine learning is a collection of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) algorithms trained with your historical data to suggest risk rules.
You can then implement the rules to block or allow certain user actions, such as suspicious logins,
identity theft, or fraudulent transactions.
When training machine learning engine, one must flag previous cases of fraud and non-fraud to
avoid false positives and to improve your risk rules’ precision.
The longer the algorithms run, the more accurate the rule suggestions will be.
Conclusion:
Cumulative approach and integrating technologies like Big Data and Business Analytics, will
allow companies to build a system that is robust in security concerns.
It will be diligently detecting patterns of fraud and will help to eliminate it as well as provide a
shield to it.

3.(a) Introduction
To avoid and solve the problem occurred after effect of natural calamities, we can strongly rely on
Predictive analysis.
Predictive analysis refers to analysis of probabilities.
It tries to forecast on the basis of past data.
Several modelling procedures from artificial intelligence, machine learning and statistics are
present in predictive analytics software solutions.
Concept and Application:
Predictive model is selected on the basis of testing, authentication and testing using the detection
theory to predict the likelihood of an outcome in a given input data amount.
Models can utilize single or more classifiers to decide the probability of a set of data related to
another set.
The different models available for predictive analytics software enables the system develop new
data information and predictive models.
Each models have its own strengths and weakness and is best suited for types of problems.
Predictive analysis and models are characteristically used to predict future probabilities based on
past flood struck regions.
The aim is to assess how likely pattern of flood struck region difficulties from another sample data
is to happen in the same pattern.
This model performs calculations at the exact time that an event performs a transaction.
 Predictive analytics methods depend on quantifiable variables, controlling metrics to forecast
future performance or outputs given many quantifiable methods.
The gathering of higher data volumes creates a nifty predictive model, trusting the larger data sets
which produce more dependable forecasts based on the data volume examined.
Moreover, trusting the actual data to power predictive analytics models marks better accurateness
of the predicting process.
The business processes on predictive modelling are as follows:
I) Creating the model: A software based solution allows you to make a model to multiple
algorithms on the dataset of flood struck region.
II) Testing the model: Test the predictive model on the dataset of flood struck region. In some
situations, the testing is done on previous data to the effectiveness of model’s prediction.
III) Authenticating model: Authenticate the model results by means of flood struck region data
understanding and visualization tools.
IV) Assessing the model: Assessing the best suited model from the used models and selecting
the appropriate model tailored for the flood struck region data.
The predictive modelling process includes executing one or more algorithms on the dataset
subjected to prediction.
Conclusion:
Predictive analysis practices many procedures, including statistical modelling, data mining, and
machine learning to aid analysts make better future flood struck region data predictions and will be best
suited to solve the problem and maximise the effectiveness of the support provided by the NGO to the
people and minimize the human and economic losses.

- Predictive modelling is at the heart of business decision making.

3(b). Introduction
Business Intelligence (BI) is an umbrella that includes everything under it – data analytics,
visualization that also include Business Analytics (BA).
Business Analytics is a subset of Business Intelligence.
BI at the root level is the skill of converting business data into knowledge to aid decision making
process.
BA emphasizes on data usage to get new visions, while conventional BI uses a constant, recurring
metric sets to drive strategies for future business on the basis of historical data.
If BI is the method of tracking the past, BA is the method to work with present and forecast the future.
Concept and Application:
BI has been utilized to discuss the population, procedures and applications used to get to and infer
importance from the information, for enhancing choices and understanding the competence of focused
choices.
The Development of BA originates from this drawback and is in a way the advanced type of BI
solution.
The difference between BI and BA is that BI equips you with the information whereas BA gives you
the knowledge.
BA highlights the flaws, current situation, strong points and the possibilities od solution that are still to
be touched for flood struck regions by NGOs.
BI helps in filling the gap between ground reality and management perspective.
BI studies past results of flood struck region and ponders over what could have been done better in
order to have more control over the outcomes.
BA predicts the future solution of flood struck region on the learning gained from the past, present and
projected models for a given term in the near future.
NGO and managers now as a result of such accessibility, need to be more familiar with what data is
capable of doing and how they need to actively produce data to create lucrative future returns.
The trends of BI and BA that can help NGO are –
 More power and monetary impact for data analysts:
Take cognizance of the data analysts and led to a spike in other roles, like Information
Research Scientists and Computer System Analysts which help NGO to analyze the situation a
better way.
 Location Analytics:
Location and geospatial analytical tools that gave organizations better market intelligence and
placement in terms of effective campaigns, solution to flood struck regions and making
futuristic strategy for calamities.
 Data at Rough Edge:
Organization must look beyond the usual sources of data besides their data centers since the
data flows now initiate outside the data from multiple sensors devices, and servers.
NGO can get help from spatial satellite or an oil rig in the sea.
 Artificial Intelligence:
The analytical work on programmes is exponentially growing with AI and machine learning
transforming the way NGO relate with the analytics and data management.
This will help NGO track patterns related to human reflexes and drive out intelligent solution
in best possible way.
 BI CoE:
Analytical Center of Excellence (CoE) substitutes the implementation of self-serviced
analytics.
 To get maximum advantage from BI solution, CoE centers will have a great role in applying an
information-driven culture.
It is quite an efficient way of getting skilled people, processes and technology aligned in a
structured manner at one place where even layman can be part of it and put inputs.
This will help NGO in best possible way where no knowledge bounds the entities to be part of
it.
 Predictive analytics and impact on data discovery:
By gathering more information, organizations will have the capacity to build more detailed
visual models that will help them to act in more accurate ways.
For instance, having better information models shows organizations more about what people
are facing at flood struck regions, and even what they are possibly going to face in future.
 Cloud Computing:
Cloud computing is being absorbed into many systems and will continue to grow. This will
help NGO to get data from globally available data sites and will not have to worry of data loss.
 Digitization:
In the process of transforming analogue image, sound or video into a digital format
understandable by the electronic devise and computer.
This data is usually easier to store, fetch and share the raw original format.
Creating and utilizing software over natural processes allow the organization to gather and
screen the data in real time, which assists managers to tackle issue before they turn critical in
flood prone regions.
Conclusion:
The interchangeable usage of Business Intelligence and Business Analytics create relationship between
managers and data to drive out the outstanding and robust solution for flood prone regions.
NGO and managers now as result of such accessibility need to be more familiar with what data is
capable of doing and how they need to actively produce data to create lucrative future solution and
gains against calamities.