SESSION 2022/2023

KOLEJ MATRIKULASI MELAKA

TUTORIAL
MATHEMATICS II
AM025

Name : ...........................................................
Practicum :.............................
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 1: Differentiation – Tutorial

TOPIC 1 : DIFFERENTIATION

1. Find the limits:

x2 + 1
(a) lim12 (b) lim ( x 2 + 3) (c) lim
x→5 x →−2 x→2 x2 −1
3x − 2
( )
2
(d) lim (e) lim 2x + 8
2 x +4
2 x →−3
x →−

2. Suppose that lim f ( x ) = 2 and lim g ( x ) = −1 . Find

x→a x →a

f ( x) − g ( x)
(a) lim x f ( x ) (b) lim  2 f ( x ) + 3 g ( x )  (c) lim
x→a x→a x→a 3 f ( x) g ( x)

3. Find the following limits:

 1 1  1  x2 − 4 p −9
(a) lim  +    (b) lim (c) lim

x →−3 x 3  x + 3  x→2 x−2 p →9 p −3
(2 + r ) − 22
2
t 2 − 81 x−2
(d) lim (e) lim (f) lim
r →0 r t →9 3 − t x→2 x3 − 8
0
Tips: If lim f ( x ) = , factorize it or multiply by its conjugate.
x→ x 0

4. From first principle, find f ' ( x ) for the following functions.

(a) f ( x ) = 6 − 8x (b) f ( x ) = 5x − 2 x2
f ( x + h) − f ( x)
Tips : First Principle f ' ( x ) = lim
h →0 h

By using first principle, show that derivative of f ( x ) = ( 2 + x ) is 4 + 2x .

2
5.

6. Differentiate the following.

(a) y = ( x + 1)( x − 3) (b) y = 3x − x
2 1
(c) y = 5 + 2 x2 (d) y=
x 5x + 2

dy
7. Find of the following:
dx
y = ( x − 1) ( 2 x + 1) y = ( x 2 + 1) 1 − x 2
2 3
(a) (b)

8. Find f ’(x) if
( 3x + 1)
5
2 x2
(a) f ( x) = 2 (b) f ( x) =
3x − 5 x (2 − x)
10

x −1 x +1
(c) f ( x) = (d) f ( x) =
x +1 2 x2 + x − 3

1
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 1: Differentiation – Tutorial

dy d2y
9. Find and for the following functions.
dx dx 2
1 1
(a) y = x2 − (b) y = x4 − x2 −
x x2
3
(c) y = (1 − 4 x )
4
(d) y=
2− x

10. Differentiate the following.

y = e3x y = 5e 2 x
2
(a) (b)
2
(c) y = elnx (d) y=e 2 x −1

ex
y = ( 3e x + 2e −2 x )
2
(e) (f) y=
1 − e2 x

11. Differentiate each function with respect to x.

f ( x ) = ( ln x ) f ( x ) = ln ( x + 1)
2 3
(a) (b)
 3x + 1 
(c) f ( x ) = ln   (d) f ( x ) = ln x 2 + 4 x + 1
 x +1 
1+ x
(e) f ( x ) = ln (f) f ( x ) = ln ( ln ( ln 2 x ) )
1− x

12. Find the stationary points and the intervals where the function f ( x ) is decreasing or
increasing for the function below :
(a) f ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2 x − 5 (b) f ( x ) = x 3 − 3x + 2

13. Find the stationary points and determine their nature by using the first derivative test.
3
(a) y = x3 − x 2 − 6 x + 2 (b) y = 36 x 2 − 6 x 4
2

14. Given f ( x ) = 4 x3 + 15 x 2 − 18 x + 7 . Find the maximum or minimum point by using

second derivative test.

15. Find the coordinates of the points for relative maximum and minimum by using second

derivative test if given the function f ( x ) = x ( x − 2 ) .

2

2
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 1: Differentiation – Tutorial

ANSWERS

5 2
1. (a) 12 (b) 7 (c) (d) (e) 2
3 3
1
2. (a) 2a (b) 1 (c) −
2
1
3. (a) − (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 4 (e) -108
9
1
(f)
12

4. (a) – 8 (b) 5 − 4x

1 10 5
6. (a) 2 x − 2 (b) 3 − (c) − + 4x (d) −
2 x x6 (5 x + 2) 2
−3x3 + x
(a) 2 ( x − 1)( 2 x + 1) ( 5 x − 2 )
2
7. (b)
1 − x2
5 ( 3x + 1) ( 8 + 3 x )
4
10
8. (a) − (b)
( 3x − 5) (2 − x)
2 11

1 − ( 3x + 7 )
(c) (d)
( x − 1)( x + 1) ( 2x + x − 3)
3 3
2
2
dy 1 d2 y 2
9. (a) = 2x + 2 , 2
= 2− 3 ,
dx x dx x
2
dy d y 6
(b) = 4 x3 − 2 x + 2 x −3 , 2 = 12 x 2 − 2 − 4 ,
dx dx x
2
dy
= − 16 (1 − 4 x ) , 2 =192(1 − 4 x) 2 ,
3 d y
(c)
dx dx
2
dy −2 d y
(d) = 3 ( 2 − x ) , 2 = 6(2 − x) −3 ,
dx dx
2 e 2 x −1
10. (a) 3e3 x (b) 20 xe 2 x (c) 2x (d)
2x −1
e x + e3 x
(e) 2 ( 9e2 x − 6e− x − 8e−4 x ) (f)
(1 − e )
2x 2

2ln x 3 2
11. (a) (b) (c)
x x +1 ( 3x + 1)( x + 1)
x+2 1 1
(d) (e) (f)
x + 4x +1
2
1 − x2 x ( ln 2 x ) ln ( ln 2 x )

3
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 1: Differentiation – Tutorial

 1 16   1
12. (a) The stationary point is  − , −  ,  −, −  is decreasing interval and
 3 3  3
 1 
 − ,   is increasing interval.
 3 
(b) The stationary points are ( −1, 4 ) , (1, 0 ) . ( −1,1) is decreasing interval,
( −, −1) and (1,  ) are increasing intervals.
 11   11 
13. (a) The stationary points are ( 2, −8 ) and  −1,  ;  −1,  is a maximum point,
 2  2
( 2, −8) is a minimum point.
(b) The stationary points are ( 0, 0 ) , ( 3,54 ) and (− 3,54 ;) (− 3,54 ) and

( )
3,54 are a maximum points, ( 0, 0 ) is a minimum point
1 9
14. Maximum point is ( −3,88 ) and minimum point is  , 
2 4
 2 32 
15.  ,  is a maximum point, ( 2, 0 ) is a minimum point
 3 27 

4
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 2: Integration – Tutorial
TOPIC 2 : INTEGRATION

1. Find each indefinite integral

 1 
(a)  1 + x 7 + 2 − x dx
 x 
(b)
 ( 2 − 3x )(1 + 5x ) dx
x −1
4
(c)  2 dx
x

2. Find the following indefinite integrals Tips:

3
(a)  dx 1. x n dx ,when n = −1
x
1
1
(b)  dx 2. dx = ln x + c
2x x
1 1
(c) 
1
dx 3. dx = ln ax + b + c
3x − 2 ax + b a
where a and b are constant

3. Find
(a)  3e x dx Tips:
1 1. e x dx = e x + c
(b)  e dx
2x
e ax
 ( 3 + e )( 2 + e )dx 2. e ax dx = + c; a  0
x −x
(c)
a
 ( e + e ) dx
x −x 2
(d)

4. Integrate the following with respect to x Tips:

(a)  x + 4dx x n +1
1.  x n dx = + c , n  −1
1 n +1
(b)  x −1
dx
(ax + b) n +1
2.  (ax + b) dx =
n
+ c , n  −1
 ( 3x − 2 )
12
(c) dx a (n + 1)
[ f ( x)]n +1
3.  f '( x)[ f ( x)] dx = n
+c
n +1
5. Find the integral of each of the following
(a)  e2 x +3dx (b) x e
2 x3 −1
dx
 2 1  x3 + x e3 x + x 2
(c)   x + 3  e dx (d)  dx
(e + x3 )
3x 3

6. By using substitution method find

2
(a)  x x 3 + 1dx
23
dx (b)
3 − 4x
1
2x
(c)  2 dx
0
x +2

5
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 2: Integration – Tutorial
5 10 5
7. Given 
3
f ( x ) dx = 5, 
5
f ( x ) dx = 10 and  g ( x ) dx = 9, find
3
5 3
(a)  7 f ( x ) dx
3
(b)  g ( x ) dx
5
5 10
(c)  12 f ( x ) + 3g ( x ) dx
3
(d)  f ( x ) dx
3

8. Compute the given definite integrals

2
1 
2 4

(x − x + 1) dx (b)   + 2 x  dx
2
(a)
1 
0
x
1 − ex
2
(c) 0 e x dx

9. (a) Find the area bounded by the curve y = x2 + 2 from x = 1 to x = 2 .

(b) Find the bounded between the curve y = x2 − 4 , x-axis and the lines x = −1 and
x =2.

10. Calculate the area of the region bounded by the y – axis and the curve y = e x and
y = 2 + 3e− x .

11. Find the area bounded by the curves y 2 = 8 x and y = x 2 .

12. Find the area bounded by the curve y = x ( x + 1)( 2 − x ) and x – axis.

13. Sketch the curve y = x ( x − 2 )( x + 3) . If A1 is the area above x – axis bounded by this
curve and the x – axis while A2 is the area under the x – axis bounded by this curve and
the x – axis, find A1 : A2 .

ANSWERS

1 8 1 2 32 7 x3 1
1. (a) x + x − − x + c (b) 2 x + x 2 − 5 x3 + c (c) + +c
8 x 3 2 3 x

1 1
2. (a) 3ln x + c (b) ln x + c (c) ln 3x − 2 + c
2 3

1 1 2x 1
3. (a) 3e x + c (b) − e−2 x + c (c) 7 x − 3e− x + 2e x + c (d) e + 2 x − e−2 x + c
2 2 2

6
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 2: Integration – Tutorial
3
2 1
( x + 4) 2 + c (b) 2 x − 1 + c ( 3x − 2 ) + c
13
4. (a) (c)
3 39

ex +x −1
3
1 1 3
5. (a) e2 x +3 + c (b) e x −1 + c (c) +c (d) +c
6 ( e3 x + x 3 )
2
2 3 3

4
1
6. (a) − ln 3 − 4 x + c
2
(b)
4
(
1 3
x + 1) 3 + c (c) ln
3
2

7. (a) 35 (b) −9 (c) 87 (d) 15

8 3 1
8. (a) (b) 38 (c) − −1
3 4 e2

13
9. (a) units 2 (b) 9units 2
3

10. 2ln 3 units 2

8
11. unit 2
3

37
12. unit 2
12

13. 189 : 64

7
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 3: Applications of Differentiation and Integration in Economics and Business - Tutorial

TOPIC 3 : APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION IN

ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

1. Given D ( x ) = 8 − 0.00025 x is the price–demand equation and the cost equation is

C ( x ) = 600 + 7 x . Express in term of x .
(a) The revenue function (b) The profit function
(c) The average cost function (d) The average revenue function
(e) The average profit function

2. The total cost of producing x electric guitars is C ( x ) = 1000 + 100 x − 0.25 x 2 . Find the
exact cost of producing the 50 guitars.

3. The price-demand equation for a particular product is given by p = –200q + 800 .

(a) Express the revenue function in terms of q.
(b) What is the maximum revenue? What is the wholesale price per unit that
should be charged to realize the maximum revenue?

4. If the price-demand equation and the average cost function are given respectively by
50 1000
p(q) = and C (q ) = 0.5 + find p, the price per unit that should be charged to
q q
realize the maximum profit and the quantity to be produced .

5. A company sells x television sets per month. The monthly cost and price–demand
x
equations are given respectively by C ( x ) = 72 000 + 60 x and p( x) = 200 − ;
30
0  x  6000 .
(a) Find the maximum revenue.
(b) Find the maximum profit, the production level that will realize the maximum
profit, and the price that should be charged for each television set.
(c) If the government decides to tax the company RM5 for each set it produces,
how many units should the company sell each month in order to maximize the
profit? What is the price for each set?

6. From a study, the daily demand for Food A is 1000 units purchased at RM 1.20 per
unit. When the price is reduced to RM 1.00 per unit, the daily demand increases to 1200
units.
(a) Find the price- demand equation, assuming that the function is linear.
(b) Evaluate the total maximum revenue and the price demand for each unit.
(c) If the cost for each unit of Food A is RM 0.50 and the daily fixed cost is
RM500, express the cost function.
(d) Evaluate the maximum profit and the price at this level.

8
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 3: Applications of Differentiation and Integration in Economics and Business - Tutorial

7. Inovative Sdn. Bhd. makes toys.The demand function and average cost function, in
4000
ringgit are p(x) = 80 – 0.004x and C = + 8 , respectively, where x is the number of
x
toys made. Find
(a) the cost function.
(b) the maximum revenue and the number of toys that need to be sold to achieve
this.
(c) the maximum profit.

8. Given the demand function and the average cost function, in ringgit, of a spare part are
100 2000
p ( x) = and C ( x) = 1 +
x x
(a) Show that at maximum profit, the marginal revenue equals the marginal cost.
(b) Find the number of spare parts that need to be sold to ensure maximum profit.
(c) Determine the price of a spare part at maximum profit.

9. The following is given for a product of a company :

Cost function: C ( x ) = 20 x + 0.1x 2 + 500 where x is the quantity sold.
Demand function is a linear:
At price of RM 78, 30 units are sold
At price of RM 58, 50 units are sold
Find :
(a) the demand function.
(b) the total revenue function.
(c) the level of production in which profit is maximized.
(d) the maximum profit, price per unit, total revenue and total cost when profit is
maximized.

10. Find the consumer’s surplus at a price level p = RM150 for the price–demand equation
p = D ( x ) = 400 − 0.05 x .

11.The price–demand equation for a piece of equation is expressed by y = 30 − 0.5x − 0.02 x 2 .

Find the consumer’s surplus at the output level of 20.

12. Find the producer’s surplus at a price level of p = RM67 for the price–supply equation
p = S ( x ) = 10 + 0.1x + 0.0003x 2 .

13. Find the consumer’s surplus and the producer’s surplus at the equilibrium price level for
the given price-demand and price supply equations. Include a graph that identifies the
consumer’s surplus and producer’s surplus.
(a) p = D ( x ) = 50 − 0.1x ; p = S ( x ) = 11 + 0.05 x
(b) p = D ( q ) = −q 2 − 4q + 20 ; p = S ( q ) = q 2 + 2q

14. Find the total cost function and the average cost function if the marginal cost function for
the production of x unit piece of equipment are given by C  ( x ) = 3.2 − 0.2 x and the fixed
cost is RM2.40.
9
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 3: Applications of Differentiation and Integration in Economics and Business - Tutorial

15. A manager is starting producing a new utensil with the price-demand equation and
marginal cost function given respectively by D ( x ) = 15 − x 2 and C  ( x ) = 5 x + 3 . The
output and the price level are fixed in such a way that will maximize the profit. Find the
consumer’s surplus and the maximum profit.

ANSWERS

1. (a) R ( x ) = 8 x − 0.00025 x 2 (b)  ( x ) = x − 600 − 0.00025 x 2

600
(c) C ( x) = +7 (d) R ( x ) = 8 − 0.00025 x
x
600
(e)  ( x ) = 1 − − 0.00025 x
x
2. RM 5375
3. (a) R ( q ) = −200q 2 + 800q
(b) maximum revenue = RM800, price per unit = RM400
4. p = 1; quantity that need to be produced, q = 2500 units
5. (a) RM 300,000
(b) maximum profit = RM 75000 ; production level, x = 2100 units
price for each television set = RM130
(c) x = 2025units ; price for each set, p = RM132.50
6. (a) p ( x ) = −0.001x + 2.2
(b) total maximum revenue = RM1210 ; price for each unit = RM1.10
(c) cos t function, C ( x ) = 500 + 0.5 x
(d) total maximum profit = RM222.50 ; price for each unit = RM1.35
7. (a) C ( x ) = 4000 + 8 x
(b) total maximum revenue = RM400,000 ; number of toys, x = 10, 000 units
(c) total maximum profit = RM320,000
8. (a) number of spare parts, x = 2500 units
(b) price for a spare part, p = RM2.00
9. (a) the demand function, p ( x ) = − x + 108
(b) R ( x ) = 108 x − x 2
(c) level of production, x = 40 units
(d) RM 1260, RM 68, RM 2720, RM 1460

10. RM625000 11. CS = RM206.67 12. PS = RM9900

13.(a) CS = RM3380 , PS = RM1690 (b) CS = RM13.33 , PS = RM9.33

2.4
14. C ( x) = 3.2 x − 0.1x 2 + 2.4 , C ( x ) = 3.2 − 0.1x +
x
15. CS = RM1.58 , maximum profit = RM9.19

10
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 4 : Data Organisation and Description – Tutorial

TUTORIAL 4 : DATA ORGANISATION AND DESCRIPTION

1. The marks obtain by 10 students are given below:

73, 42, 67, 78, 99, 84, 91, 82, 86, 94
Construct its stem and leaf plot.

2. Complete a stem-and-leaf plot for the following two lists of class sizes:
Economics : 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 21, 22, 25, 25, 26
Sciences : 14, 16, 17, 18, 18, 20, 20, 24, 29

3. If the mean for the data set 9, 11, 14, 15, 20, x, 21, y is 18.
Find the value for x + y.

4. A set of numbers 13, 2, 14, p, 11, 3, q, 12, 6 has mode of 6 and median of 7
(a) Find the possible values of p and q.
(b) Find the mean for the above set of numbers.

5. The lengths (to the nearest 0.1 cm) of 12 leaves collected from a garden are
shown below.
5.7, 5.9, 6.6, 7.2, 6.2, 8.4, 4.9, 5.6, 6.8, 5.0, 7.2, 5.8
Find the values for mean, median and mode for the above data. Hence,
comment on the result obtained.

6. The stem and leaf below shows the grade point average of 18 students. The digit
in the stem represents the ones and the digit in the leaf represents the tenths.
(E.g 0|8 = 0.8)

Stem Leaf
0 8
1 2 4 4 6 7
2 0 4 5 5 6 7 9
3 2 3 5 8
4 0

(a) How many students have a grade of 2 or more?

(b) What is the mode of the grades?
(c) What is the median of the grades?

7. Describe the symmetriness and skewness of the following data.

(a) A data with a mean, median and mode of 6, 5.8 and 2 respectively.
(b) A data with a mean, median and mode of 7, 8.8 and 14 respectively.

11
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 4 : Data Organisation and Description – Tutorial

8. The table given below shows a number in each of 20 families

Number of children
( x) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Number of family
(f) 2 7 5 4 1 1

(a) Find the mean and median of the number of children

(b) Find the variance. Hence, determine the standard deviation.

9. Find the sample variance and standard deviation for the amount of European
auto sales for a sample of 6 years shown. The data are in millions of dollars.

11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3

10. (a) The following of data represents the number of goals scored by a
football team in 9 matches.

1 3 0 2 5 1 4 3 1

Find the median and the range.

12
371
(b) The sample variance of a set of data is . If  x 2i = 450 , determine
11 i =1

the sample mean.

11. Given the information for two data as below:

Data Mean Standard deviation

Data I 230 102
Data II 230 56

Determine the coefficient of variation for the above data and interpret the
values.

12. Types of equipment X Y

Mean 1525 days 19 days
Standard deviation 250 days 3 days

The table above shows the mean life spans and their standard deviation of 2
types of equipments, X and Y. Find the coefficient of variation of each type of
equipment. Compare the variation of the two.

12
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 4 : Data Organisation and Description – Tutorial

13. Calculate and interpret the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for the following
distribution.

x 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
Frequency 12 14 20 36 41 28 19

14. Find the minimum, Q1, Q2, Q3 and maximum values for each of the following
data:
(a) 26, 23, 28, 23, 20, 27
(b) 88, 72, 97, 84, 86, 85, 100
Hence, draw box- and-whisker.

15. The following stem plot shows the maximum temperature of each month in a
town for 23 months. Identify any “outliers” and draw a boxplot.
Key : 6|5 means 65C
Stem Leaf
1 6 7
2 0 2 2 3
3 5 7 8 8 8 9 9
4 2 3 3 4 4 4 4
5 9
6 5
7 8

13
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 4 : Data Organisation and Description – Tutorial

ANSWERS

1. DIY
2. DIY
3. 24
4. (a) p = 6, q = 7 or q = 6, p = 7 (b) 8.22
5. 6.275, 6.05, 7.2, negatively skewed
6. (a) 12 students (b) 1.4 and 2.5
(c) 2.5
7. (a) positively skewed (b) negatively skewed
8. (a) 1.9, 2 (b) 1.67
9. Variance = 1.28, Standard deviation = 1.13
10. (a) 2, 5 (b) 2.57
11. CV Data I = 44.35% , CV Data II = 24.34% .
Since coefficient of variation for Data I is greater than coefficient of variation
for Data II, Data I is more dispersed and less consistent compared to Data II.
12. 16.39%, 15.79%
Since the coefficient of variation is larger for equipment type X, the equipment
of type X is more dispersed and less consistent than the equipment of type Y.
13. 0.24, positively skewed
14. (a) 20, 23, 24.5, 27, 28

17 20 23 24.5 27 29 33

(b) 72, 84, 86, 97, 100

64.5 72 84 86 97 100 116.5

15.
-8.5 16 23 39 44 65 75.5 78

outlier = 78

14
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 5: Introduction To Probability – Tutorial

TOPIC 5: INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY

1. A unbiased die and a fair coin are tossed together. List down all the possible outcomes in
the sample space, S. Find the probability of obtaining:
(a) a number 3 and a tail,
(b) a head and a number greater than 2,
(c) a tail and an odd number

2. One marble is drawn at random from a bag containing four white marbles, five red
marbles and six green marbles. Find the probability that the marble is
(a) red marble
(b) purple marble
(c) not a white marble
(d) white or green marble

3. In a class, there are 35 of them. Everybody must participate in either drawing or singing
competition that will be held on the same day. The monitor has decided that 24 of them
will participate in drawing competition and 20 of them will participate in singing
competition. How many students will represent in both competitions?

4. A bag contains 25 packets of nuts, 9 packets of groundnut, 15 packets of hazelnut and a

packet of almond. What is the probability of Chris choose randomly a packet groundnut
or almond?
Tips: It is mutually exclusive events because a packet of nut cannot be groundnut and
almond on the same time.

5. In a class of 24 male students, 9 are in both team A and team B. There are 16 students
involved in team A and 10 involved in team B. Find the probability that a student chosen
at random
(a) is only in team A
(b) is in either team A or team B
(c) is in neither team A nor team B

6. A fair blue dice and a fair red dice are rolled and the scores on the dice are added. Find
the probability that
(a) the sum of the scores is 7 or 10
(b) the scores on both dice are equal
(c) the scores are unequal

7. An automobile manufacturer is concerned about a possible recall of their best selling

four-door car. From past records, recalls were related to defects detected with
probabilities of 0.14, 0.30, 0.20, 0.36 respectively to the brake system, transmission, fuel
system, and some other areas.
(a) What is the probability of defect in the brake or fueling system if the probability of
defects in both systems simultaneously is 0.18?
(b) What is the probability that there are no defects in either brakes or the fuel system?
(c) What is the probability of defects in both transmission and other areas if the
probability of defects in transmission or other areas is 0.35?

15
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 5: Introduction To Probability – Tutorial

8. A unbiased cubical dice is labeled so that it has two 2, one 5 and three 6. The dice is
tossed once and the events A and B are defined as follows:
A: the number showing is 2
B: the number showing is even
(a) Find P ( A ) , P ( A  B ) and P ( A ' B )
(b) Write down two pairs of non-mutually exclusive events.

9. Given that P( E ) = 0.3, P( E  F ) = 0.28 and P( E ' F ) = 0.32 . Find

(a) P( E  F ')
(b) P( E | F )

8 1 4
10. Given that A and B are two events such that P( A) = , P( A  B) = and P( A | B) = .
15 3 7
Find
(a) P ( B ) , P ( B | A) and P ( B | A ')
(b) State the reason whether A and B are
(i) independent
(ii) mutually exclusive

11. There are 60 students in the sixth form of a certain school. Mathematics is studied by 27
of them, Physics by 20 and 22 students study neither Mathematics nor Physics.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected student studies both Mathematics and
Physics.
(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected Mathematics student does not study
Physics.
A student is selected at random.
(c) Determine whether the event ‘studying Mathematics’ is statistically independent of
the event ‘not studying Physics’.

12. The table below shows the information of a sample of a 100 people in a study of genetics
in Malacca Matriculation College.

Male (M) Female (F) Total

Color Blind (C) 4 1 5
Not Color Blind(C’) 40 55 95
Total 44 56 100

Find the probability that a person

(a) is color blind, given that the person is a male.
(b) is not color blind, given that the person is a female.

13. In a lecture class of 100 students, 12 are left-handed. If two students are chosen at
random, what is the probability that:

(a) both are left-handed

(b) neither are left-handed

16
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 5: Introduction To Probability – Tutorial

Extend your probability tree diagram to show the possible outcomes if three students are
chosen. What is the probability that the second student and the third student are chosen is
left-handed and right-handed respectively?

14. Given that A and B are two events such that P( A) = 0.1 and P( B) = 0.8 . Find
(a) P( A  B) if A and B are independent events
(b) P( A | B) if A and B are not independent events and P( A  B) = 0.7

15. A bag contains 3 blue marbles and 2 yellow marbles. 3 marbles are randomly drawn from
the bag one after the other without replacement. Find the probability of drawing
(a) the second marble is blue
(b) the third marble is blue
(c) the second marble is yellow given that the first marble is blue

ANSWERS

1 1 1 1 11 2
1. (a) (b) (c) 2.(a) (b) 0 (c) (d)
12 3 4 3 15 3
2 7 17 7
3. 9 4. 5. (a) (b) (c)
5 24 24 24
1 1 5
6. (a) (b) (c) 7. (a) 0.16 (b) 0.84 (c) 0.31
4 6 6
1 1 1 7
8. (a) , , (b) A and B, A’ and B 9. (a) 0.02 (b)
3 3 2 15
7 5 15
10. (a) , , (b) (i) A and B are not independent
12 8 28
(ii) A and B are not mutually exclusive
3 2 1 55
11. (a) (b) (c) the two events are independent 12. (a) (b)
20 3 11 56
1 58 8 3 3 1
13. (a) (b) , 14. (a) 0.82 (b) 0.25 15. (a) (b) (c)
75 75 75 5 5 2

17
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 6 : Discrete Probability Distribution – Tutorial

TOPIC 6 : DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. If W ~ B(20, 0.25) , determine the following probability by using binomial formula.

(a) P(W  3) (e) P(4  W  9)
(b) P(W = 5) (f) P(5  W  10)
(c) P(W  4) (g) P(5  W  11)
(d) P(W  6) (h) P(7  W  10)

2. If X ~ B(15, 0.75) find

(a) P( X  6) (c) P( X  7)
(b) P( X = 8) (d) P( X  5)

3. Four unbiased dice are thrown. Find the probability that there are:
(a) Exactly two sixes
(b) At least two sixes

4. Six coins are tossed. Find the probability that there are:
(a) Not more than four heads
(b) At least two heads

5. Find the mean and variance of the binomial distribution B(8, 0.25)

6. It is claimed that 95% of first class mail with the same city is delivered within two days of
the time of mailing. Six letters are randomly sent to different locations.
(a) What is the probability that all six will arrive within two days
(b) What is the probability that exactly five will arrive within two days
(c) Find the mean number of the letters that will arrive within two days
(d) Find the variance number and standard deviation of the letters that will arrive within
two days.

7. At the local swimming club, the expected number of people that can swim a mile is 4.5
and the variance is 3.15. Find the probability that at least three people can swim a mile.

8. In a local youth group , the expected number of people who can play a musical instrument
is 4 and the variance is 3.2 . Find the probability that:
(a) Five people can play a musical instrument
(b) Less then six people can play a musical instrument.

9. If X ~ P0 (5.5) , find :
(a) P( X  7) (b) P( X  0) (c) P( X  11) (d) P( X  3)

10. Find the values of a, b, c and d given that X ~ P0 (2.5) :

(a) P( X  a) = 0.8912 (c) P( X  c) = 0.9997
(b) P( X  b) = 0.5438 (d) P( X  d ) = 0.0420

18
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 6 : Discrete Probability Distribution – Tutorial

11. The number of letters arriving at a particular address each day can be modeled by a
Poisson Distribution with a mean of seven letters per day, find the probability that
tomorrow:
(a) no letters will arrive
(b) four letters will arrive
(c) at least two letters will arrive
(d) fewer than five letters will arrive

12. A television repair company uses a particular spare part at a rate of 4 per week. Assuming
that requests for this spare part occur at random, find the probability that
(a) exactly 6 are used in a particular week
(b) at least 10 are used in a two week period
(c) exactly 6 are used in each of 3 consecutive weeks.

ANSWERS

1. (a) 0.2252 (b) 0.2023 (c) 0.7748 (d) 0.6173

(e) 0.5713 (f) 0.5812 (g) 0.3789 (h) 0.2004
2. (a) 0.0042 (b) 0.0393 (c) 0.0042 (d) 0.999
3. (a) 0.1157 (b) 0.1319
4. (a) 0.8906 (b) 0.8906
5. mean = 2 variance = 1.5
6. (a) 0.7351 (b) 0.2321 (c) 5.7 (d) 0.285, 0.534
7. 0.8732
8. (a) 0.1746 (b) 0.8042
9. (a) 0.8095 (b) 1 (c) 0.9890 (d) 0.2017
10. (a) a = 4 (b) b = 3 (c) c = 9 (d) d = 5
11. (a) 0.0009 (b) 0.0912 (c) 0.9927 (d) 0.1730
12. (a) 0.1042 (b) 0.2834 (c) 0.0011

19
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 7 : Normal Distribution – Tutorial

TOPIC 7 : NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

1. The mass, M grams, of a batch of commerative coins is such that M ~ N (50,9) . Each
coin is weighed individually before packaging and will be rejected if its mass is less than
47g. What percentage of coins would you expect to be rejected?

2. Find the following probabilities

(a) If X ~ N (5,1) , find P( X  6.5)
(b) If X ~ N (65,81) , find P(53  X  72)
(c) If X ~ N (25, 25) , find P(19  X  26.5)

3. Using, Z ~ N (0,1) find k such that :

(a) P( Z  k ) = 0.85
(b) P( Z  k ) = 0.1

4. The scores , X , in a Mathematics Competition are such that X ~ N (80, 20) . Find :
(a) The probability that Ali, a student chosen at random, scores between 75 and 90 on the
test.
(b) The probability that Erica, a student chosen at random, scores less than 72.
(c) The probability that Intan, a student chosen at random, scores more than 85, given
that she scored less than 90.
(d) The score needed to obtain a high Distinction Certificate, if those are awarded to the
top 8 % of the students.

5. If X ~ N (100,  2 ) and P( X  106) = 0.8849 . Find the variance  .

2

6. The numbers of days taken for a sick leave by a factory’s workers is normally distributed
with a mean of 12 days and variance  in a year. If the probability of less than 10 days
2

off is 0.1587, find the variance  . Finally, find a if. P( X − 12  a) = 0.950

2

7. If X ~ B(200, 0.7) , use the normal approximation to find

(a) P( X  130) (d) P( X  152)
(b) P(136  X  148) (e) P(141  X  146)
(c) P( X  142)

8. 10% of the chocolates produced in a factory are mis-shapes. In a sample of 1000

chocolates find the probability that the number of mis-shapes is
(a) less than 80
(b) between 90 and 115 inclusive
(c) 120 or more.

20
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 7 : Normal Distribution – Tutorial

9. It is estimated that 1/5 of the population of Malaysia watched last year’s World Cup Final
on television. If random samples of 100 people are interviewed, calculate the mean and
variance of the number of people from these samples who watched the World Cup Final
on television.
Use normal distribution tables to estimate, to 2 significant figures, the approximate
probability of finding, in a random sample of 100 people, more than 30 people who
watched the World Cup Final.

10. A lorry load of potatoes has, on average, one rotten potato in 6. A greengrocer tests a
random sample of 100 potatoes and decides to turn away the lorry if she finds more than
18 rotten in the sample. Find the probability that she accepts the consignment.

ANSWERS

1. 15.87%
2. (a) 0.9332 (b) 0.6905 (c) 0.5028
3. (a) k = 1.44 (b) k = 1.64
4. (a) 0.856 (b) 0.0367 (c) 0.1203 (d) 86.31
5.  = 25
2

6.  2 = 4 , a = 3.92
7. (a) 0.9474 (b) 0.6598 (c) 0.5910 (d) 0.0268 (e) 0.2113
8. (a) 0.0154 (b) 0.8149 (c) 0.0197
9. mean = 20, variance = 16, 0.0043
10. 0.6879

21
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 8: Correlation and Regression – Tutorial

TOPIC 8 : CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

1. Based on the diagram, discuss the value of linear Pearson’s Coefficient of correlation for
each of the diagram.
y y
(a) (b)
x x x
x x
x x x
x

x x

2. The diameter of the longest lichens growing on gravestone were measured as below :

Age of
gravestone 9 18 20 31 44 52 53 61 63 63 64 64 114 141
(x years)
Diameter
of lichen 2 3 4 20 22 41 35 22 28 32 35 41 51 52
(y mm)

(a) Calculate the values of x and y .

(b) Calculate the linear Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.
(c) Calculate the coefficient of determination and interpret.

3. Calculate linear Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the following :

x 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
y 4.1 8.6 3.2 10.4 12 8.7 9.4 13.1 16

4. The systolic blood pressure of 10 men of various ages are given in the following table.
Age, x (year) Systolic Blood pressure, y (mm mercury)
37 110
35 117
41 125
43 130
42 138
50 146
49 148
54 150
60 154
65 160

(a) Find the equation of the regression line of systolic blood pressure on age.
(b) Use your regression line to predict the systolic blood pressure for a man who is :
(i) 20 years old (ii) 45 years old
(c) Comment on the accuracy of your predictions in (i) and (ii).

22
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 8: Correlation and Regression – Tutorial

5. The table below gives the height of a bean shoot in cm (y) and the number of days since it
was planted (x).
Number of days, x Height, y (cm)
40 9.6
45 10.5
50 11.2
55 12.3
60 13.4
65 14.3
70 15.2
(a) Calculate the line of regression of y on x.
(b) Estimate the height of the shoot exactly 8 weeks (56 days) after planting.
(c) Why would it not be sensible to use the regression equation to estimate the height of
the shoot 3 month after planting?

6. The given data relate to the price and engine capacity of new cars in January 2000.

Car model Price (RM), y Capacity (cc), x

A 3900 1000
B 4200 1270
C 5160 1750
D 6980 2230
E 6930 1990
F 2190 600
G 2190 650
H 4160 1500
J 3050 1450
K 6150 1650

Calculate the line of regression of y on x.

7. Obtain the regression equation for y on x in the form y = a + bx where n = 8 if :

x = 38.45 , x 2 = 211.513 , y = 21.1 , y 2 = 63.19 , xy = 111.775
Use your regression line to estimate the value of y when x = 3 .

8. Given the following data

X : Mathematics marks 59 61 63 65 67 69
Y : Statistics marks 64 66 67 67 68 69

Find the linear regression equation y = a + bx from the above data.

23
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 8: Correlation and Regression – Tutorial

9. The Management of a production company intends to analyze the relation between the
cost for the research and development and its profit. The information regarding to the data
last six years are shown in the following table.
The cost for research & development
Years Proft (million of ringgit)
(million of ringgit)
1994 5 31
1995 11 40
1996 4 30
1997 5 34
1998 3 25
1999 2 20
[Remark: Show the detail solution]

(a) Find the linear regression equation y = a + bx from the data.

(b) Use the equation from (b) to estimate the profit if the cost for research and
development is RM 8 million.
(c) How much is the changing percentage in the company profit could be related to the
linear regression equation?

10. The income and expenses annually (in thousand of ringgit) for seven family given in
the table below.
Income (x) Expenses (y)
15 5
21 7
25 9
28 8
35 9
39 11
49 15
(a) Find the linear regression to explain the data by using the least square method.
(b) Estimate the expenses if the annually income is RM 30,000.
(c) Calculate the linear Pearson’s, r, and explain your answer.

11. A car manufacturer company wished to carry out research on the depreciation of one of
its model. Eight cars are taken for samples. The information of ages and prices are shown
in the table below.
Age 8 3 6 9 2 5 6 3
Price (‘000) 16 74 38 19 102 36 33 69

(a) Find the linear regression equation with age as independent variables and price as
dependent variable.
(b) Estimate the price of this car model which is 7 years.

24
 Mathematics AM025
Topic 8: Correlation and Regression – Tutorial

ANSWERS

1. (a) Positive correlation between variable x and y

(b) Negative correlation between variable x and y

2. (a) x = 56.93 , y = 27.71

(b) r = 0.8804
Strong positive correlation between the age of gravestone and diameter of lichen.
(c) Coefficient of determination, r 2 = 0.7551 . This means that 77.51% of the variation in
the diameter of lichens is explained by the variation in the age of gravestone.

3. r = 0.805

4. (b) y = 62.782 + 1.576 x (c) (i) y = 94.3 (ii) y = 133.7

(d) (i) Extrapolation – not accurate, linear model may not continue.
(ii) Interpolation – likely to be reasonably accurate.

5. (a) y = 1.907 + 0.19 x (b) y = 12.55 cm

(c) At 3 months, extrapolation would be used and therefore results may be inaccurate as
linear model may not continue.

6. y = 237.229 + 3.019 x

7. y = 0.773 + 0.388 x , y = 1.937

8. y = 38.481 + 0.443x

9. (a) y = 20 + 2 x
(b) RM 36 million
(c) For every 1 million unit increase in research and development cost (x), the profit (y)
will increase 2 million which means the percentage of change in profit is 200%.

10. (a) y = 1.147 + 0.264 x

(b) RM9,067.00
(c) r = 0.9587
The expenses (y) have strong positive relation with the income (x).

13. (a) y = 107.968 − 11.351x

(b) RM 28,511.00

25