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Computer Fundementals

The document discusses the basics of computer fundamentals, including: 1) It defines a computer as an automatic electronic device that can process and store data through program execution. 2) Computers have characteristics like speed, accuracy, versatility, and storage capacity. 3) There are different types of computers including minicomputers, microcomputers, mainframe computers, and super computers. 4) Primary storage is the computer's internal memory (RAM) that the CPU can directly access, while secondary storage like hard disks store larger amounts of data via input/output channels.

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36 views5 pages

Computer Fundementals

The document discusses the basics of computer fundamentals, including: 1) It defines a computer as an automatic electronic device that can process and store data through program execution. 2) Computers have characteristics like speed, accuracy, versatility, and storage capacity. 3) There are different types of computers including minicomputers, microcomputers, mainframe computers, and super computers. 4) Primary storage is the computer's internal memory (RAM) that the CPU can directly access, while secondary storage like hard disks store larger amounts of data via input/output channels.

Uploaded by

HARIKIRAN PR
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASSIGNMENT

Unit I: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS


1) What is computer?

The word ‘Computer’ literally means ‘something that computes’ or


‘calculates’ but considering a computer to be merely

Calculating devices would be to severely limit its power. It may be defined


as a device that can act upon information or Data. This is done through
the execution of a program

An automatic electronic apparatus for making calculations or controlling


operations that is expansible in numerical or logical term

2) Characteristics of computer?
1) Speed
2) Accuracy
3) Diligence
4) Versatility
5) Storage

3) Types of Computers?

1) Minicomputer
2) Micro computer
3) Mainframe computer
4) Super computer

4) What is primary storage?


Primary storage or the commonly referred Random Access Memo the memory
which is directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU constant reads instructions from
this memory. The capacity of RAM in termed data storage is less, but it offers a very
fast access rate, thus, making it pretty expensive. It offers minimum latency, hence
suitable for transactional environment databases. Primary storage also consists of
processor registers and processor cache.

5) What is secondary storage?

Secondary storage is commonly referred to as hard disk. It is a non-volatile storage and is


capable of storing large amounts of data. The term 'secondary' refers to the inability of the
CPU to access it directly. The data in the secondary storage is accessed by the CPU through
intermediary devices like the processor cache. The computer uses its secondary storage via
the various input/output channels. As secondary storage is non-volatile, it is used for safe or
offline storage of data. The data in secondary memory is organized into files, directories and
drives. The drives are periodically formatted to provide the abstraction as required by the
File System

Examples - Flash drives, USB sticks, punch cards, floppy disks, CDs, magnetic tapes, paper
tapes, Iomega zip drives, etc
6) What is Processing Unit?
The computer's central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer that
retrieves and executes instructions. The CPU is essentially the brain of a CAD
system. It consists of an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), a control unit, and various
registers. The CPU is often simply referred to as the processor.

7) What are input devices?

An input device is any device that provides input to a computer there are dozens
of possible input devices, but the two most common ones are a keyboard and
mouse. Every key you press on the keyboard and every movement or click you
make with the mouse sends a specific input signal to the computer. These
commands allow you to open programs, type messages, drag objects, and perform
many other functions on your computer
8) What are output devices?

An output device is any piece of computer hardware that converts information


into a human-perceptible form or, historically, into a physical machine-readable
form for use with other non-computerized equipment. It can be text, graphics,
tactile, audio, or video.

Example – Monitor, Speaker

9) What is firewall?

A Firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and
outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established
security policies. At its most basic, a firewall is essentially the barrier that sits
between a private internal network and the public Internet

9) What is Screeensaver?
A screensaver is a computer program that blanks the display screen or fills it with
moving images or patterns when the computer has been idle for a designated
time. The original purpose of screensavers was to prevent phosphor burn-in on
CRT or plasma computer monitors

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