Logic Gates, in everyday applications

by

Student Name: SOPANGISA LUTHANDO

Student No: 2225073

Group: A

2022 Semester 2

Submitted in the Faculty of Engineering: Department of Electrical Engineering

Pre-Tech, Introduction to Logic Systems

at

Page 1 of 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

1. Review of Literature Study

2. Introduction

3. Basic Concepts

4. The Problem

5. Aim

6. Objective

7. Significance of project

8. Block diagram

9. Circuit diagram

10. Component List

11. Circuit simulation

12. Circuit construction

13. References

Page 2 of 10
1. Review of Literature Study
[+/- 1 page]
Having an elevator in our daily life is important, as we live in a generation which has tall
buildings which walking up and down the stairs is exhausting, this has caused us to install an
elevator to make our lives a bit easier as it is also time saving. An elevator is similar to a store
room , just that it moves up and down having weight inside it. The importance of having an
elevator is for movement from floor to floor, which one can argue that we got stairs for that
purpose that being said is true , but I can also state that having an elevator has many
advantages over using stairs when moving from floor to floor. As I have stated above about an
elevator having advantages over stairs it also does have disadvantages which one I can speak
about is improper connection, which causes deaths of civilians. Improper connections of an
elevator have occurred in the past which caused deaths and also caused the building owners to
loose a lot of money due to bad connection. In my field of work I will be dealing with
connections of switches making sure they installed properly to avoid such incidents to once
again occur.

Page 3 of 10
2. Introduction

Page 4 of 10
3. Basic Concept
 Maths helps with calculations, having knowledge in maths will help mostly when dealing with
length and width for this type of project. For length it would be mainly for distance of the
building and distance between the floors. For width would be mainly the space which the
elevator would occupy.
 Communications will help mostly with presentation, the way in which you should approach an
audience for your prepared presentation, so that you would get people who would help you
financially with your project.
 Principles of electrical engineering helps with calculations for current, voltage and resistor also
giving you more information on how these work also their functions.
 Engineering project helps with getting skills as to using apps for constructing your circuit on
how you will connect it and practical skills for making your project even checking if it works
properly.
 Introduction to computer help you to know how to use the necessary apps for typing your
presentation.
 Basic electronics help with understanding how current flows, how to use a multi meter and
details out how a generator function.

Page 5 of 10
 4. The Problem
 Moving up and down the stairs is exhausting as it takes most of your energy, for old people and
children it is not good as this would lead them to get injured by falling or by finding it hard to
breath as they have been walking for a while.
 Moving up and down the stairs is time wasting as it takes most of the time and also you cannot as
you might trip and fall.
 Installing an elevator prevents such cases.

5. Aim
 As we are living in an advanced modern era technology is on another level than before and it
keeps improving day by day as we figure new ways to play around with technology. Most of
the appliances for technology use electricity to function as an electrician I also want to figure
ways to make things simple by creating electrical things which will power up technological
appliances from any place, as long as you have an electrical source. My aim as an electrician is
simple to make people living, daily lives much more easier. The country where am born and
raised has an issue with electricity, which causes for load shedding to occur meaning certain
area at certain hours power will be cut off to stabilise the power supplier. This has caused
fights in our country where trust is no more as our leaders have a tendency of lying not giving
out information on what is occurring as this affects our lives. As an electrician I want to figure
out a way to figure out the problem then come up with a solution to what can be done to stop
such to occur, so to restore peace in my our rainbow nation.

6. Objective
 In this project I will mostly be dealing with switches for the elevator making sure they function
properly without any faulty occurring. The switches will be allow current to flow which the
switches can also stop the current from flow, also will be telling the elevator what to do when
to open, which stop you are going. All of this is important for the elevator to function well
without these the elevator will not function at all.

Page 6 of 10
7. Significance of project

Page 7 of 10
8. Block diagram


Momentary acting
Relay switch switch OR GATE
 




Magnet  INVERTER MOTOR



 Current moves from the relay switch to the momentary acting switch, which acts as parallel
switches because of the OR GATE.
 Having contact with the momentary switch closes the switch for that moment allowing current
to flow through.
 The motor cause of the electrical current starts to rotate to the direction which contact has
been applied, allowing the elevator to start moving.
 For the elevator to stop moving an inverter will be there to stop current from moving which
stops the elevator though the whole circuit would not stop there at once (AS WE KNOW AN
INVERTER CHANGES 0 TO 1 SAME AS 1 TO 0, AND WE CAN SAY 1 FOR HIGH AND 0 FOR LOW).
 For the whole circuit to stop there will be another inverter changing 0 to 1 allowing current to
flow triggering the magnet which will momentary open the relay for the whole circuit to stop
functioning .
 This whole process occurs in a matter of seconds.

Page 8 of 10
9. Circuit diagram

9.1 In this circuit the first component will be using which acts as an input device is the relay switch
which will always be closed to allow current to flow through all times unless triggered off by the
magnet for shutting down the whole circuit momentarily.
 The momentary acting switch will also be installed which is the one that will dictate what will
occur with the elevator
 The circuit will also be having the OR GATE so that it makes the switches to act as parallel so
that when you press one of the switches current flows through without the need of switching
on the others.
 The motor is the one which will allow the elevator to move up and down without it the elevator
would not move at all as it also help with balancing the elevator.
 The inverter will be the one which will stop the elevator at certain floors as it will not allow
current to flow through shutting current of as it should no longer move.
 The last component will be having is the electromagnet, which will detect current, which allows
it to induce a magnetic field around it to shut off the whole circuit momentarily ,then is goes
back to normal.

Page 9 of 10
Figure 2: PROJECT COMPONENT LAYOUT

9.2
Table 1: LIST OF COMPONENTS
COMPONENT FUNCTION TECHNICAL SPECS(as per
data sheet)

Relay Switch Relays are switches that open

and close electromechanically
or electronically
Momentary acting switch A momentary switch is a switch
requiring continuous
compression to remain engaged
OR GATE The OR GATE performs logic
addition. In OR GATE, the
output voltage is high if any of
the inputs is high.
Motor A motor performs movement
Inverter An inverter converts logic 1 to
logic 0(or logic 0 to logic 1)
Electromagnet An electromagnet can be
defined as a magnet which
functions on electricity

Page 10 of 10