Lesson Plan in Science 8

Judith J. Delizo
Sumile National High School

I. Objectives
A. Content Standards:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the propagation of sound through
solid, liquid, and gas.

B. Learning Competency and Code:

1. Investigate the effect of temperature to speed of sound through fair testing.
S8FE-Ie-25

Quarter: 1 Week: 8 Date: October 23 - 26, 2023

II. Content
Subject Matter: REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF SOUND
Integration:
English : To enhance the students’ reading comprehension.
GAD : Encourage cooperation in every group work and discussion

II. Learning Resources:

Materials: PowerPoint slides
References: Science 8 Learner’s Materials pp. 75-80
Science 8 Teachers Guide pp. 53 - 54

II. Procedures

Learning Phases Learning Activity

1. Classroom Management
Pre-Activity 2. Checking of Attendance
3. Review Previous Lesson
A. ACTIVITY Students will perform Activity 6, “Reflecting and
Refracting Sound”.
In this activity the students will be able to observe how
longitudinal waves reflect and refract.
B. ANALYSIS Let the students answer the following guide questions.

Q32. What happens to the compressions or

rarefactions when they hit the wall or a fixed end?
Ans.: The compressions or rarefactions bounce off after
hitting the wall.
Q33. Are the compressions found on the same location
in the slinky before and after hitting the wall?
Ans.: No. They are not found on the same positions.
Q34. What happens to sound waves when they hit a
fixed end or the wall?
 Ans.: Sound will also bounce off when it strikes a fixed
end or the wall.
Q35. What happens to the frequency of the
longitudinal waves as the waves move from the large
coil slinky to the small coil slinky?
Ans.: The frequency of the wave increases.
Q36. What would be an observable change in sound
when the frequency changes?
Ans.: Increase in frequency of the sound is manifested
as change in pitch.
Q37. What happens to the amplitude of the
longitudinal waves as the waves move from the large
coil slinky to the small coil slinky?
Ans.: Amplitude increases.
Q38. What happens to sound when the amplitude of
the sound changes?
Ans.: Louder sound is observed.
Q39. What happens to the speed of the longitudinal
waves as the waves move from the large coil slinky to
the small coil slinky?
Ans.: Faster wave.
C. ABSTRACTION Introduce the properties of sound, reflection and
refraction of sound.
Reflection of sound is usually described as the turning
back of a wave as it hits a barrier. Echo is an example
of a reflected sound. Reverberation on the other hand
refers to the multiple reflections or echoes in a certain
place. Echo sounding is another application of sound
reflection. This is used by scientists to map the sea
floor and determine the depth of the ocean or sea.

Refraction of sound is described as the change in speed

of sound when it encounters a medium of different
density. As what you had learn, sound travels faster in
hotter media. This change in speed of sound during
refraction is manifested as sort of “bending” of waves.
When sound propagate in air, where the temperature
 changes with altitude, sound bends towards the hotter
region, thus refraction happens.

When sounds propagates in air, where the

temperature changes with altitude, sound bends
towards the hotter region, thus refraction happens.
The refraction is due to the different refractive indices
of air because of the difference in temperature. At day
time, the air near Earth’s surface is cooler than the air
above. Sound would move from the cooler region
(Earth surface) towards the hotter air above. Thus,
sound waves will be refracted to the sky. At nighttime,
the air near the Earth’s surface is heated by the heat
emitted by the sun during nighttime. This makes sound
move from the cooler air above towards the hotter air
near the earth’s surface. Thus, sound waves are
refracted to the Earth’s surface.
D. APPLICATION Why do designers use curtains, cloth or rough
materials to cover the walls and ceiling of a theater or
movie house? What property is being applied?
Ans.: To lessen the echoes and reverberations which
are not pleasing to the ears during a play or a movie.
Reflection of sound.

Why open field concerts are usually held during

nighttime?
Ans.: Open field concert at night gives a chance for
everyone to see and enjoy the live show because there
is no work and no school. Aside from that, sound is
heard well in far areas and gives a clearer and more
audible music to enjoy during nighttime as sound
waves are refracted from the stage towards the
audience due to refraction.
E. Assessment Answer the questions briefly.
1. Differentiate reflection and refraction of sound.
Ans.: Reflection of sound is described as the turning
back of sound wave as it hits a barrier while
 refraction of sound is described as the change in
speed of sound when it encounters a medium of
different temperature. Thus, sound bends.
2. Compare echo and reverberation.
Ans.: Echo is an example of a reflected sound while
reverberation refers to the multiple reflections of
sound.
3. How to lessen the echo and reverberation in a movie
house?
Ans.: To lessen the echo and reverberation in a
movie house put sound boards, curtains, cloth to
spread the waves uniformly throughout the hall to
avoid echoes and reverberation.
4. Why are open field concerts held during nighttime?
Ans.: Sound is heard well in far areas and gives a
clearer and more audible music to enjoy during
nighttime as sound waves are refracted from the stage
towards the audience due to refraction.

III. Reflection:

A. No. of learners who achieve 80%: ________

B. No. of Learners who require additional activities for remediation: ________
C. Did the remedial lessons work? ________
D. No. of learners who have caught up the lesson: ________
E. No. of learners who continue to require remediation: _______________
F. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this work?
___________________________________________________________________
G. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor help me solve?
___________________________________________________________________
H. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I wish to share
with another teacher?
______________________________________________________________
ATTACHMENT
(Attachment for Activity 6, Reflecting and Refracting of Sound)

Group No.:______ Year & Section: _______________ Date:____________________

Activity 6
Reflecting and Refracting of Sound

Objective:

At the end of the activity, you will be able to observe how longitudinal waves reflect
and refract.

Materials:

metal slinky (large coil)

metal slinky (small coil)

Procedure:

Sound Reflection
1. Connect the fixed end to a wall or post. Make or create longitudinal waves by pushing and
pulling the movable end part.
2. Observe the longitudinal waves as the waves hit the wall or post. Record your
observations.
3. Note the positions of the compressions before they reach the post. Note also the
locations or positions of the compressions after hitting the wall of the post.
4. Do this for 3 trials.

Q32. What happens to the compressions or rarefactions when they hit the wall or a
fixed end?
_____________________________________________________________________

Q33. Are the compressions found on the same location in the slinky before and after
hitting the wall?
_____________________________________________________________________

Q34. What happens to sound waves when they hit a fixed end or the wall?
_____________________________________________________________________

Sound Refraction

1. Connect the fixed end of the metal slinky (small coil) to a wall or post. Then connect
another slinky (large coil) to the other end of the small coil. Make or create longitudinal
waves by pushing and pulling the movable end of the metal slinky (large coil).
2. Observe the longitudinal waves as the waves move from the large coil-metal slinky to the
small coil metal slinky. Record your observations.
3. Observe the frequency, amplitude, and speed of the longitudinal waves as the waves
move from the large coil metal slinky to the small coil metal slinky.
4. Do this for 3 trials.

Q35. What happens to the frequency of the longitudinal waves as the waves move
from the large coil slinky to the small coil slinky?
_____________________________________________________________________

Q36. What would be an observable change in sound when the frequency changes?
_____________________________________________________________________

Q37. What happens to the amplitude of the longitudinal waves as the waves move
from the large coil slinky to the small coil slinky?
_____________________________________________________________________

Q38. What happens to sound when the amplitude of the sound changes?
_____________________________________________________________________

Q39. What happens to the speed of the longitudinal waves as the waves move from
the large coil slinky to the small coil slinky?
_____________________________________________________________________

Prepared by:

JUDITH J. DELIZO
Science Teacher

Checked by:

WILMA N. CANSON, PhD

School Head