2.5 One mole of gas in a closed system undergoes a four-step thermodynamic cycle.

Use the data given in the following table to determine numerical values for the
missing quantities, i.e,’’fill in the blanks.”

Step Q/J W/J

12 -200 5800 -6000
23 -4000 -3800 -200
34 -500 -800 300
41 4700 200 4500
12341 0 1400 -1400

2.11 A tank containing 20 kg of water at 293.15 K (20 ) is fitted with a stirrer that
delivers work to the water at the rate of 0.25 kW. How long does it take for the
temperature of the water to rise to 303.15 K (30 ) if no heat is lost from the water ?
For water, kJ k .
Ans:0.929 h

2.23 A stream of warm water is produced in a steady-flow mixing process by

combining 1.0 kg of cool water at 298.15 K (25 ) with 0.8 kg of hot water at
348.15 k (75 ). During mixing, heat is lost to the surroundings at the rate of 30 kW.
What is the temperature of the warm-water stream? Assume the specific heat of water
constant at 4.18 kJ k .

Ans: 316.4K

2.29 Steam flows at steady state through a converging, insulated nozzle, 25 cm long
and with an inlet diameter of 5 cm. At the nozzle entrance (state 1 ), the temperature
and pressure are 598.15 K (325 ) and 700 kPa, and the velocity is 30 . At the
nozzle exit (state 2 ), the steam temperature and pressure are 513.15 K (240 ) and
350 kPa. Property values are:

What is the velocity of the steam at the nozzle exit, and what is the exit diameter ?
2 . 5 0 U 12 = Q ( 2 + W .z

-
200
= O、2 + 6000
Q 12 = 5800#

OU 34 =
Q 34 + W34
OU 34 =
-
800 + 300

0U 34= 500
#
由於系統會回到初始狀態內能 =O

0 U = O
⽇
41
.u、

U 23 M
+ 4 00 0 OU 23 =
4000业⽇
0
200 500
-
- =

W 23 + θ 23 = U 23 W 23 = -
200 #

W 4、 1400
6000 300 + = -
- -
200 +

W 41 = 4500 #

CU 41 4500 + Q41
=
4700
Q4、 + W 41 =

O
、41
= 2”
#
2 - 11

0 O =
mCpOT
σ U = 20 ( 4 18 ) 10
.
=
836 KJ
比 83 品
t =
π
=

5=
3344s = 0
. 929 hH

2-2

m2 CpoT = m. CpoTtQ
08 ( 4 18) ( n 5
.
-
T) = 1 (4 ( 8) (T 25) + 30
.
-

T =
43 C =
316 KH
2 -
29
。 Q+ W
( gOZ
=

cH + +

沒熱傳沒做功
0 H +
2= 0

U
-
v:
(H 2
-
H .) +
2
⼆

( 2945 .
7

- 3112. 5 + 學呢 s
1o m = 0

v2 = 5M 8 36
#
.

U. A 1 Ψ2 A2
=

v V
π dz
A -

U. c
只 Uzd2
2

⼆
⼀

v V

d2
058
30 (0 . 5n8 36
.

.6 66n n5 .

014mq
da
0
= .
Ans:578.36 m/sec, 1.493 cm

2.31 In the following take and for nitrogen gas :

(a) 1.5 kmol of nitrogen at 294.15 K (21 ) contained in a rigid vessel, is heated to
450.15 K (177 ). How much heat is required if the vessel has a negligible heat
capacity? If it weighs 90.7 kg and has a heat capacity of 0.5 kJ k , how much
heat is required?
(b) 2 kmol of nitrogen at 447.15 K (174 ) is contained in a piston/cylinder
arrangement. How much heat must be extracted from this system, which is kept at
constant pressure, to cool it to 338.15 K (65 ) if the heat capacity of the piston and
cylinder is neglected?

Ans: (a) 4914 KJ, 11989 KJ (b)-6387.4 kJ

2.32 Find the equation for the work of a reversible, isothermal compression of 1 mol
of gas in a piston/cylinder assembly if the volume of the gas given by

Where b and R are positive constants.

⎛V −b ⎞
RT ln⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟
Ans: ⎝ V2 − b ⎠

2.36 One kilogram of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from an initial state
of 300 K and 1 bar until its volume triples. Calculate W, Q, ,and for the
process. Assume for air that PV/T =83.14 bar c and
.
Ans: W= -172.61 KJ, Q=602.08 kJ, △H=17.4 KJ/mole, △U=12.41 KJ/mole

https://pdfㄑcoffee.co/
chapter-1-14-pdf-free.html
2 -
31
( a) (= 05 .
m= 939 kg

— 定容定压
294 K 450 k
0 U = Q
6容 0 V =
Q = Cv ( E T .
-
)
=∠ 1(156 =32 n
)

n
= 5 × 32 6
= 4914 KJ业
an 0 U

05 KJ 4
ky x56 k non5
Q = mCoT Go =
= n X
.

kg
non5 + 4914 = 11989
KT
#
nlpOT
nCpo
h T
( )= Q noH = , a=
H
,
<
压
156 6387 4
Q. ) = (2 - 3 ) (
a
— - .

KJH
2 32
-

W = -
S 只 PdV

V= b
+
唔
R
⼯
P =
v -
b
W= -
5只器 dv

W= _
RTS 只品 dV

= W =
-
RT 1 m ( “品_ )
2
-

36
v. )
W =
-
nP ( V2 -

Mass
n=
Molar Mass
=
( = 34 5.

.) = 34 . ( 2V1 ) = - 69 V 1

(.
-
ω= -

34 5 .
× 1 -
v
5

834
V= ⼟
= 83 . 14
p
3

W=
-
69 × 83 14 .
×300 =
-
20998
n barcm#
|

定压 Q = OH

0+= nCPOT
(
axT 3 ) -

0 F1 =
34 5.
×2 2

3
卡 答 品 告
“
“ = T 2 = 900
。

0 H = 600 3 KJ =
QH
i
.

0 U =θ . +W =
600 3 .
-
1M 2 =
428 3 KJA
.