UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SARAWAK (UTS)

School of Built Environment

Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Year 3 Semester 1, Academic Session 2022/ 2023

BSA3633 Environmental Design

Assignment 2A: Passive and Active Design Elements (Studio Integration)

Prepared for TS. Najihah binti Omar

Prepared by Rachel Foong Qian Wei BSA21030014

Submission Date: June 15th ,2023

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Table Content
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Project Introduction 3-6
3.0 Environmental Approaches 7
3.1 Stack Effect Ventilation 7
3.1.1 Natural Ventilation 7
3.1.2 Improved Indoor Air Quality 7
3.1.3 Thermal Comfort 8
3.1.4 Cost-Effectiveness 8
3.1.5 Sustainability 8
3.2 Rainwater Harvesting 9 - 10
3.2.1 Water Conservation 10
3.2.2 Stormwater Management 10
3.2.3 Educational Opportunities 10
3.2.4 Environmental Sustainability 10 - 11
3.3 Solar Panel 11
3.3.1 Renewable Energy Source 11
3.3.2 Reduced Electricity Costs 12
3.3.3 Environmental Sustainability 12
3.4 Wall Water Element 13
3.4.1 Cooling Effect 13
3.4.2 Enhanced Air Quality 13
3.4.3 Stress Reduction 14
4.0 Panel Board 15
5.0 Model 16 - 18
6.0 Conclusion 19
7.0 References 20 - 21

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1.0 Introduction
Assignment 2 is an individual assessment that is part of the BSA3256 Design Studio 5 Project.
The project focuses on designing a Youth Center with Dormitory in Sibu, Sarawak. In this
assignment, we aim to grasp the significance of environmental sciences as a foundational theory
for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of passive and active design strategies in building
design. These strategies play a crucial role in improving the sustainability of a building. Our task
is to incorporate environmental approaches into the design of the youth center in Sibu, considering
the hot and humid climate of the region.

2.0 Project Introduction

The Intergalactic Youth Space Center with Dormitory (IYSCD) revolves around an astronomy
theme and offers various activities like stargazing, satellite building, and observing global affairs.
The primary goal of this center is to foster idea exchange. By exploring the vastness of the universe,
individuals can broaden their perspectives, realizing the infinitude of the cosmos and our relative
insignificance as humans. Astronomy is a field that many people have limited knowledge about,
and this center aims to cater especially to young individuals born after 2030, who may not have
been adequately educated about the Earth's environmental concerns.
Climate change, with its escalating temperatures and extreme weather events such as droughts,
floods, and wildfires, is one of the planet's most urgent issues. Through astronomy, young people
not only engage in contemplative thinking and expanding their minds, but also gain an
understanding of the Earth's current state and the importance of its well-being. They can then act
to protect and preserve it. Additionally, the accompanying diagrams illustrate the site location and
the proposed design of the youth center for better visualization.

Diagram 1 – Showing the Site Location

The proposed project site is located in Sarawak. The site is situated in the inland city in the central
region of Sarawak, Sibu with an approximate size of 1.8 arches. The site is along Jalan Tun Abang
Haji Openg.

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Diagram 2 – Showing the sun and wind orientation on the site

Diagram 3 – Showing the buildings surround the site

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 Diagram 4 – Showing the site plan with IYSCD

Diagram 5 – Showing the front elevation of the IYSCD

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Diagram 6 – Showing the Isonometric View

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3.0 Environmental Approaches
3.1 Stack Effect Ventilation
In building design, there are two openings in the building envelope on the shell to allow the
wind ventilation such as efficient ventilation plays a crucial role in maintaining indoor air
quality, thermal comfort, and energy efficiency. One approach that harnesses natural forces
to achieve these goals is stack effect ventilation. This essay explores the advantages of
incorporating stack effect ventilation in building envelopes, focusing on its application in
the design of the IYSCD, a Youth Center in Sibu, Sarawak.

Diagram 7 – Showing the openings of the building design

3.1.1 Natural Ventilation
Stack effect ventilation utilizes the temperature and pressure differences between the
interior and exterior of a building to promote natural airflow. By integrating two openings
in the building envelope of the Youth Center, stack effect ventilation can take advantage
of the wind's kinetic energy to draw in fresh air. This natural ventilation reduces reliance
on mechanical systems, leading to energy savings and a more sustainable design.
3.1.2 Improved Indoor Air Quality
The introduction of fresh outside air through stack effect ventilation significantly
improves indoor air quality. Stale air, pollutants, and odors are efficiently removed,
creating a healthier and more comfortable environment for the center's occupants.
Particularly in a youth-focused facility like the Youth Center, maintaining good indoor
air quality is essential for the well-being and productivity of its users.

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 3.1.3 Thermal Comfort
Stack effect ventilation contributes to better thermal comfort within the Youth Center. In
hot and humid climates such as Sibu, Sarawak, the circulation of cooler outside air drawn
in through the lower opening helps mitigate heat buildup. This natural cooling effect
reduces the reliance on energy-intensive air conditioning systems, resulting in reduced
energy consumption and cost savings.
3.1.4 Cost-Effectiveness
By leveraging natural airflow, stack effect ventilation can reduce operational and
maintenance costs over time. The Youth Center can benefit from decreased reliance on
mechanical ventilation systems, leading to lower energy consumption and associated
expenses. This cost-effectiveness contributes to the long-term financial sustainability of
the facility.
3.1.5 Sustainability
Stack effect ventilation aligns with sustainable design principles. By minimizing the use
of mechanical systems, it reduces the overall energy consumption and carbon footprint
of the building. The integration of stack effect ventilation in the design of the Youth
Center promotes a more environmentally friendly approach to building ventilation,
contributing to the overall sustainability of the facility.

In conclusion, incorporating stack effect ventilation in building design, such as the Youth
Center in Sibu, offers numerous advantages. From natural ventilation and improved indoor
air quality to enhanced thermal comfort and cost-effectiveness, stack effect ventilation
optimizes the efficiency and sustainability of the facility. By leveraging the natural forces of
wind and temperature differentials, the Youth Center can provide a comfortable and healthy
environment for its young occupants while minimizing its environmental impact. Stack
effect ventilation stands as a valuable strategy in achieving sustainable and efficient building
design.

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3.2 Rainwater Harvesting
In regions with abundant rainfall like Sibu, Sarawak, the openings are created to allow
rainwater to reach only the first and second floors of the dormitory. A gutter system has been
designed on the floor to receive the rainwater and direct it to the rainwater harvesting storage,
which is located in the sub-basement floor. In addition to that, the benefits of incorporating
rainwater harvesting in the design of the Youth Center, focusing on its significance in water
conservation, cost savings, stormwater management, and environmental sustainability.

Diagram 8 – Showing the sub-basement floor

Diagram 9 – Showing the first (left side) and first dormitory floor (right side)

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 Diagram 10 – Showing the second floor
3.2.1 Water Conservation
Rainwater harvesting enables the Youth Center to efficiently collect and store rainwater
for non-potable uses. Given Sibu's humid climate and regular rainfall, this system
promotes water conservation by reducing reliance on freshwater sources. The harvested
rainwater can be used for tasks such as toilet flushing, landscaping, and cleaning,
effectively conserving valuable potable water resources.
3.2.2 Stormwater Management
Rainwater harvesting plays a crucial role in mitigating stormwater runoff. By capturing
and storing rainwater on-site, the Youth Center helps reduce the strain on local drainage
systems during heavy rainfall. This reduces the risk of flooding and its associated damage,
contributing to improved stormwater management in the area.
3.2.3 Educational Opportunities
Rainwater harvesting systems in the Youth Center offer valuable educational
opportunities, especially for young visitors. By showcasing sustainable water
management practices, the center can raise awareness about the importance of water
conservation and environmental stewardship. This educational aspect contributes to
building a more environmentally conscious society.
3.2.4 Environmental Sustainability
Implementing rainwater harvesting aligns with environmental sustainability principles.
By reducing the extraction of water from natural sources, rainwater harvesting minimizes
the environmental impact associated with water treatment and distribution. Additionally,
it helps protect local water bodies by reducing the pollution caused by stormwater runoff.

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 To sum up, incorporating rainwater harvesting systems in the design of the Youth Center in
Sibu, Sarawak, offers a range of advantages. From water conservation and cost savings to
improved stormwater management and environmental sustainability, rainwater harvesting
promotes responsible water management practices. By harnessing the abundance of rainfall
in the region, the Youth Center can demonstrate a commitment to water conservation,
educate its visitors, and enhance its resilience in the face of water challenges. Rainwater
harvesting stands as an essential strategy in achieving sustainable and efficient water use in
Sibu, Sarawak.

3.3 Solar Panel

In order to promote sustainable energy practices and minimize environmental impact, the
installation of solar panels on the exterior of the building is a highly effective measure. By
harnessing clean and renewable solar energy, solar panels offer several advantages for Sibu,
Sarawak, and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.

Diagram 11 – Showing the location of solar panels

3.3.1 Renewable Energy Source

Solar panels rely on sunlight, a virtually inexhaustible energy source. In a region like Sibu,
Sarawak, with abundant sunlight throughout the year, solar panels can efficiently generate
electricity without depleting natural resources. This reliance on renewable energy reduces
carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, mitigating the negative impacts of
climate change.
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 3.3.2 Reduced Electricity Costs
By harnessing solar energy, the Youth Center can significantly reduce its electricity costs.
Solar panels generate electricity that can be used to power various aspects of the building,
including lighting, appliances, and air conditioning. This decrease in reliance on the grid
helps to offset electricity expenses and provides long-term financial savings.
3.3.3 Environmental Sustainability
Utilizing solar panels aligns with environmental sustainability goals. Solar energy is a
clean and renewable energy source that produces no greenhouse gas emissions during
operation. By reducing carbon emissions, solar panels contribute to mitigating climate
change and preserving the environment for future generations.
To concluded, incorporating solar panels into the design of the Youth Center in Sibu,
Sarawak, presents numerous advantages. From harnessing renewable energy and reducing
electricity costs to promoting environmental sustainability and community engagement,
solar panels offer a viable and effective solution for a greener and more sustainable future.
By embracing solar power, the Youth Center can lead by example and inspire others to adopt
clean energy practices, contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment for the
community and future generations.

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3.4 Wall Water Element
The café area is strategically positioned facing the west side, which experiences intense heat
in the afternoon. To counteract the heat and improve the overall air quality, a wall water
element has been incorporated into the design, offering a refreshing environment. The
advantages of using a wall water element in Sibu, Sarawak, and how it contributes to a more
comfortable and enjoyable space.

Diagram 12 – Showing the location of wall water element at café

3.4.1 Cooling Effect

Sibu, Sarawak, known for its hot and humid climate, can benefit from the cooling effect
provided by a wall water element. As water flows down the surface of the wall, it
evaporates and releases moisture into the air. This evaporation process absorbs heat from
the surrounding environment, creating a cooling effect and lowering the ambient
temperature in the café area.
3.4.2 Enhanced Air Quality
The presence of a wall water element improves the air quality in the café area. As water
evaporates, it helps to humidify the air and reduce dryness, which is particularly
beneficial in hot and arid climates. This increase in humidity can alleviate discomfort
caused by dry air and contribute to a more pleasant and breathable atmosphere.

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 3.4.3 Stress Reduction
The presence of a wall water element has been shown to promote stress reduction and
relaxation. The sound of trickling water has a calming effect on the human mind, helping
to alleviate stress and anxiety. This feature can create a serene and peaceful atmosphere
in the café area, allowing customers to unwind and enjoy their time in a soothing
environment.
To concluded the element of wall water that applying in the building design, embracing the
natural beauty and functional benefits of a water feature adds a unique touch to the café area,
enhancing the overall dining experience and creating a memorable atmosphere for visitors.

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4.0 Panel Board

Diagram 13 – Showing the environmental approach from A0 to A3 size

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5.0 Model

Diagram 14 – Showing the building design model

Diagram 15 – Showing the building design model

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 Diagram 16 – Showing the building design model

Diagram 17 – Showing the north elevation of model

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Diagram 18 – Showing the east elevation of model

Diagram 19 – Showing the south elevation of model

Diagram 20 – Showing the west elevation of model

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6.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, the assignment focused on integrating various environmental approaches into
the design of the Intergalactic Youth Space Center with Dormitory in Sibu, Sarawak. By
applying sustainable design strategies, such as stack effect ventilation, rainwater harvesting,
solar panels, and a wall water element, the project aims to enhance the efficiency, effectiveness,
and sustainability of the building. These approaches offer several advantages, including energy
conservation, cost savings, stormwater management, water conservation, environmental
sustainability, community engagement, and improved user experience. By incorporating these
elements, the Youth Center not only provides a functional and comfortable space but also
promotes environmental stewardship, educates visitors, and contributes to a greener and more
sustainable future.

Diagram 21 – Showing the south elevation

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7.0 References

1. What is Sustainable Architecture - Barker Associates. (n.d.). Barker. https://www.barker-

associates.co.uk/service/architecture/what-is-sustainable-

architecture/#:~:text=Sustainable%20architecture%20is%20also%20referred

2. Stack Effect: Why It Was So Difficult To Stay Warm This Winter. (n.d.). Henderson

Engineers. https://www.hendersonengineers.com/insight_article/stack-effect-why-it-was-

so-difficult-to-stay-warm-this-winter/#:~:text=What%20is%20Stack%20Effect%3F

3. Ventilation and Air Distribution. (n.d.). Sustainable Buildings Initiative.

https://sustainablebuildingsinitiative.org/toolkits/climate-resilience-toolkits/urban-heat-

island/ventilation-and-air-distribution?toolkit=222

4. Stack Ventilation: What is Stack Effect, Pros & Cons | Linquip. (n.d.).

https://www.linquip.com/blog/stack-ventilation/

5. Principles Of Rain Drainage In Architecture. (2021, March 25). RTF | Rethinking the

Future. https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/city-and-architecture/a3702-principles-of-

rain-drainage-in-architecture/

6. EIA. (2022, February 25). Solar energy and the environment - U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA). Www.eia.gov. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/solar/solar-

energy-and-the-
environment.php#:~:text=Solar%20energy%20technologies%20and%20power

7. Constellation. (2023). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy.

Www.constellation.com. https://www.constellation.com/energy-101/energy-

innovation/solar-energy-pros-and-cons.html

8. Feng shui and architecture of water - ARKT. (2018, August 2). ARKT - Space to

Architecture. https://arkt.space/en/feng-shui-and-architecture-of-water/

9. Journals, B. (n.d.). WATER AS ELEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE. Www.academia.edu.

Retrieved June 15, 2023, from

https://www.academia.edu/22745884/WATER_AS_ELEMENT_IN_ARCHITECTURE
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10. How Water Can Benefit Your Architecture and Design | Green Evolutions. (2022,

December 14). https://www.greenevolutions.com/the-innovative-uses-of-water-in-

architecture-and-design/

11. Flynn, M. (n.d.). WATER WALLS ARCHITECTURE: MASSIVELY REDUNDANT AND

HIGHLY RELIABLE LIFE SUPPORT FOR LONG DURATION EXPLORATION

MISSIONS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190001191/downloads/20190001191.pdf

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