Week 6 Malaysia Dwelling

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BSA 3433 History and Theory of

Architecture 3
Malaysia: Dwelling Design of Indigenous People
Topic Learning Outcomes

LO1 describe indigenous architecture


in Malaysia

LO2 Examine the factors that


influence indigenous architecture in
Malaysia
Timeline

Pre 16th
16th century 17th century
century
Timeline

18th century 19th century 20th century


Vernacular houses – main characteristics
• Post and beam structures
• Stilts
• Gabled roofs
• Suit socio-economic, cultural
and environmental needs
• Flexible – in design and use of
Rumah Melayu – Negeri Sembilan
space
Orang Asli house
Building materials
Building materials
Vernacular house in Sabah
• 33 ethnic communities
– Rungus (Tutorial)
– Dusun Bonggi (Tutorial)
– Bajau (Tutorial)

– Murut (Tutorial) Murut House


– Lotud (Tutorial) – Kadazandusun

• Distinct elements – purpose-built granaries, ritual ceremonial huts, mortuary


houses
• 2 types
– Communal – Rungus and Murut
– Individual – Bajau, Bonggi and Lotud
Lansaran –
Dance
Platform
Please click
the video
Crossed horn finials at gable end or Gable horn
• Extended portion of roof anchors that secured the roof thatch and its ridge
covers from being blown away during tropical rainstorms
• Aesthetic feature of many native houses
• Represent the water-buffalo, a symbol of wealth and prosperity
• Varied between 500mm-700mm with widths of 180mm at the base, tapering
towards the end, just like the horns of a water buffalo
• Iranun - denote the house owners’ role or occupation in the community;
whether as a fisherman, merchant or warrior
• Supernatural function to ward off the evil entity known as the ‘balan-
balan’
• Mingkabau – silang gunting
• Bajau – layang-layang
• Dusun – Tindal Sinangau Sangau
• Iranun -Kampilan
Iban longhouse

Vernacular house in Sarawak

• 40 ethnic groups
–Iban
–Melanau
–Orang Ulu
–Bidayuh
Notched-log steps

Tanju – deck

Ruai – gallery

Bilik – apartment

Storage hut
Details of floor
construction based on twin
girder to support the floor joists
Sungkup
Modern Iban longhouse,
Kapit
Rumah Tinggi
Melanau
Orang Ulu longhouse

No
uncovered
verandah

Covered
verandah jut
out at the
centre of the
longhouse
Bunga Jaraw
Murals – tree of life motif

Beadings
Klirieng – Burial post
Chief’s apartment in the middle on raised roof
Bidayuh longhouse

Head house – Baruk/Rumah Pangah

Open verandah – tanju


Covered verandah – awa
Living area - ramin
Northern – Influence from Thailand

Western – Influence from Sumatera


The Traditional Malay House
Sothern – Influence from Bugis
Motif based on flora
Building materials - timber, rattan, bamboo
and leaves

Motif based on religion


Pitched roof
pediment
rafter

King post

Tie beam

Verandah pole

Floor Beam

Main column
The use of wedges (baji) to tighten
mortise and tenon joints is an
important
feature of Malay timber
architecture.
This allows the joints to be easily
taken
apart and reassembled without
damaging
the building
Mortise and Tenon
Mortise and Tenon
Uses and the level of spaces to
separate the main and
secondary space

Privacy - visitors space well


ventilated

Flexibility to add or remove


certain space in order to
respond to the expansion of
members in the house
The Traditional Malay House
Rumah Melayu Perlis Rumah Melayu Kedah
Rumah Melayu
Pulau Pinang
Rumah Melayu Perak
Rumah Melayu Selangor Rumah Melayu Melaka
Rumah Melayu Johor
Rumah Limas Johor Belanda
Rumah Melayu
Rumah Melayu
Terengganu
Pahang
Rumah Melayu Kelantan
Thank you

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