re density of a solid metal g phere is. determi petsring ts mass and its diameter. The ma ee OY = ‘et. The maximum error in ity of the sphere is {_>_ oe density ofthe sphere is (iis If the relative errors suring the mass and the di : inmeasuring the mass and the diameter are 6,09 / i ively, the value of x is soe and 15% my) sree ¢ [2020] _v 4g Tor wsistnee R=, where = (59 4 2) y and y MS y= 20:4 0.2) A. The percentage error in Rig “9 ™ talue of” to the nearest integer is (2021) 16 The radius of a sphere is measured to be 7.50 + 0.85 em, a Suppose the percentage error in its volume is x. The value i) of to the nearest xis, (2021) aysyl2 Pi pp Fors= oxy", where ‘a’ is a constant, If percentage error 2 inmeasurement of x’ and ‘y” are 4% and 12%, respectively, then the percentage error for ‘z* will be %. (2022) B Experiments Single Correct Answer Type Y Astudent measured the length of a rod and wrote it as 3.50 m. Which instrument did he use to measure it? [2014] (1) A serew gauge having 100 divisions in the circular seale and pitch as 1 mm @) Ascrew gauge having 50 di and pitch as 1 mm () Ameter scale J) Avemier caltiper where the 10 divisions in vemier seale matches with 9 division in main scale and main ) scale has 10 divisions in 1 em WA screw gauge with a pitch of 0.5 mm and a circular scale with 50 divisions is used to measure the thickness of a thin sheet of Aluminium, Before starting the measurement, itis found that when the two jaws of the screw gauge are brought in contact, the 45th division coincides with the main scale line and that the zero of the main scale is barely visible. Whats the thickness of the sheet if the main scale reading 4s 05 mm and the 25th division coincides the main scale ions in the circular scale line? [2016] (075 mm 2) 0.80 mm (3) 0.70 mm (4) 0.50 mm 4CThe pitch andthe number of divisions, on the circular sale, for a given screw gauge are 0.5 mm and 100 respectively. the screw gauge is fully tightened without any object, the zero of its circular scale lies 3 divisions below the ‘mean line. The readings of the main scale and the circular Scale, fora thin sheet, are 5.5 mm and 48 respectively, the ss ofthis sheet is 12019] Q) 5.755 m (2) 5.725 mm ©) 5.740 m (4) 5.950 mm " The lest count of the main scale of a screw gauge is ! mm. ‘minimum number of divisions on its circular scale Tequired to measure 5 im diameter of wire is (2019 —— seat ee Units, Dimensions and ) 50 (2) 100 @) 200, (4) 500 5A load of mass M kg is suspended from a steel wire of length 2 m and radius 1.0 mm in Searle’s apparatus experiment. ‘The increase in length produced in the wire is 4.0 mm, Now the load is fully immersed in a liquid of relative density 2. The relative density of the material of load is 8. The new value of increase in length ofthe steel wire is [2019] (1) 40mm @ 30mm G) 50mm (@) zero $eThe graph shows how the magnification m produced by a thin lens varies with image distance v. What is the focal length of the lens used? (2019) w Q) Le a @s 4 To verify Ohm's law, a student connects the voltmeter across the battery as, shown in the figure. The measured voltage is plotted as a function of the current, and the following graph is obtained O es | Ammeter T—+ 1000 ma If Yo is almost zero, identify the correct statement [2019] (1) The value of the resistance R is 1.5. (2) The emf of the battery is 1.5 V and the value of 2 is, 159 (3) Theemfof the battery is 1.5 V andits internal resistance is1.5Q (4) The potential difference across the battery is 1.5 V when it sends a current of 1000 mA. % If the screw on a screw-gauge is given six rotations, it moves by 3 mm on the main scale. If there are 50 divisions oon the circular scale the least count of the serew gauge is (2020) (2) 0.001 em 1) 0.001 mm o @) 0.01 om @) 0.02 mm rEa0 Physics Xe least count of the main i divi { mm. Its vernier scale is n ee coincide with 9 divisions of the mate scale. When j ‘are touching each other, the 7 division of vernier scale 1d the zero of i vision of main scale an coincides With side ofthe zero of man 8 vermis sz is ing et relent of ln ‘When this verier is used t0 mea ofa ies Je between 3.1 em and 3. the zero of the verier sl 1 nt 4 VSD coincides with a main’ scale divisi aol the eylnder is (VSD i veri seale division) scale of a vernier calipers is ded into 10 divisions and (2) 2.996m ( 320em @) 320m (4) 3.07 6m 0 0 divisions on its © por Using serew aouge of pitch 0.1 em and S 40 Using sr es of an objet is measured should correctly be recorded as 2020] (1) 2.123 em (@) 2:125em @) 2121em (4) 2.1240m on its circular scale. The & Be A sew gg as 0 isons ” +h scale marking, circular scale is 4 units ahead of the pit prior to use. Upon one complete rotation of the circular scale, 2 displacement of 0.5.mm is noticed on the pitch scale. The nature of zero error involved, and the least count of the screw gauge, are respectively [2020] (1) Negative,2 um . (2) Positive, 10 um (3) Positive, 0.1m (4) Positive, 0.1 mm “424 The pitch of the screw gauge is 1 mm and there are 100 divisions on the circular scale, When nothing is put in between the jaws, the zero of the circular scale lies 8 divisions below the reference line. When a wire is placed between the jaws, the first linear scale division is clearly visible while 72nd division on circular scale coincides with the reference line. The radius of the wire is (2021) () 1.64 mm @) 0.82 mm @ 180mm (4) 090 mm One main scale division of @ verier callipers is ‘a’ em and n® division of the vernier scale coincide with (n ~ 1)" division of the main scale. The least count of the callipers in ‘wo 12021] na a 10a @-1 ® oop 8 (Fatle w M2 14 In order to determine the Young’s Modulus of a wire of radius 0.2 em (measured using a scale of least count = 0.001 c=) and length 1 m (measured using a scale of least count qm a weight of mass 1 kg (measured using a scale of count = 1 g) was hanged to get the elongation of 0.5 cm (measured using a scale of least count 0.001 cm). What will be the fractional error in the value of Young's Modulus determined by this experiment? 2 2021 () 014% 2) 09% a (3) 9% (4) 1.4% 16,/In the experiment As 0 V applied across the end o J for measurement bas a po BT Heal Se while taking a measurement it was zero eror oF 0 i seale lies between 8.5 em and noted that “0” then the correct value of 8,6 em, vernler (least count = 0.01 em)’ ee surement _————— post (2) 8.540m (4) 856m law, a potential difference of) fa conductor of length 10.0 5.00 mm, The measured current in the maximum permissible percentage is (2021) om. (a) 836em (3) 858em t of Ohm’s I: ‘em and diameter of ductor is 2.00 A. The rein ity of the conductor is error in the re (39 @) 84 @ 15 @) 3.0 y Assertion A: If in five complete rotations of the circular| ale of the screw the distance travelled on main ses scale, 3 mm and there are 50 total divisions on circular’ gauge is 5 scale, then least count is 0.001 em. Pitch + Least count = Reason R: Least count “7.421 visions on circularseale In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: [2021] (1) isnot correct but R is correct. (2) Both A and Rare correct and Ris ‘the correct explanation| of A. G) Ais correct but R is not correct. (4) Both A and R are correct and R is NOT the correct! explanation of A. 18, In a Screw Gauge, fifth division of the circular scale| coincides with the reference line when the ratchet is closed. There are 50 divisions on the circular scale, and the main| seale moves by 0.5 mm on a complete rotation. For'a particular observation the reading on the main scale is 5| mm and the 20" division of the circular scale coincides with reference line. Calculate the true reading. [2021] () 520mm @) 5.00 mm @) 5.15 mm. (4) 5.25 mm 1A e ICA screw gauge of pitch 05mm is used to measure the Seale reading: mm Wite of length 6.8 cm, the main Tracing 1S mm and cteular ele reading is 7 cau s significant figures ine °° Me Of Wire to appropriate [Screw gauge has 50 divisions on the circular scale] 2) 3.4m? (1) 680m? 3) 3.9. 0m? shifted tothe left of zero of the main s. Vern One main scale division is equa tot mm, "While messing siameter of phil bod, the body i nl between vo jaws, It is now observed that zeto of the Vemive scale les (20221),Dimensions and M Zen 30 and 31 divisions of main scale reading and terrier scale division exactly coincides with the main Je reading. The diameter of the spherical body will be ee (2022) 3020 (2) 3.06 cm @ 306m (4) 3.20 cm traveling microscope has 20 divisions per em on the ph ile it Vernier cle has tora 30 isons mi} 95 Vernier scale divisions are equal to 24 main Sale divisions, what is the least count of the traveling ‘microscope? (2022) ( 0.001 em (2) 0.002 mm . (@) 0.002 em (4) 0.005 em in an experiment to find out the diameter of wire using a screw gauge, the following observation were noted [2022] Po {@) screw moves 0.5 mm on main scale in one complete rotation (b) total divisions on circular scale = 50 (©) main scale reading is 2.5 mm (@ 45" division of circular scale is in the pitch line (©) instrumenthas 0.03 mmnegative errorThenthediameter of wire is 7 () 292mm (2) 254mm @) 298mm (@) 3.45 mm 2¥/In an experiment with Vernier callipers of least count 0.1 1m, when two jaws are joined together the zero of Vernier scale lies right to the zero of the main scale and 6" division of Vernier scale coincides with the main scale division. While measuring the diameter of a splierical bob, the zero of vernier scale lies in between 3.2 em and 3.3 em’marks, and 4" division of vemnier scale coincides with the main scale division. The diameter of bob is measured as [2023] () 3.18 em (2) 3.25em @) 3.26em (4) 3.22em lnerical Value Type The acceleration due to gravity is found up to an accuracy of 4% on a planet. The energy supplied to a simple Pendulum of known mass ‘m’ to undertake oscillations of time period T'is being estimated. If time period is measured toan accuracy of 3%, the accuracy to which £ is known as [2021] Tree students S,, S, and S, perform an experiment for determining the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. They use different lengths of pendulum ‘and record time for different number of oscillations. The observations are as shown in the table, (2021) Student | Length of No. | pendulum | oscillations (em) (@) 1 640 3 128.0 2. 640 4 os 3 20.0 4 36.0 (Least count of length = 0.1 m least count for time = 0.15) IF E;, £, and Ey ate the percentage errors in “g’ for students 1, 2and 3 respectively then the minimum percentage error is obtained by student no. Student 4 and Student B used two screw gauges of equal pitch and 100 equal circular divisions to measure the radius ofa given wire, The atual value ofthe radius of the wire is 0322.em, (2021) The absolute value of the difference between the final circular scale readings observed by the students A and B is 0 0 0 0 : 5 90 92 95 Screw gauge Screw gauge a 8) [Figure shows position of reference “O” when jaws of screw ‘gauge are closed] Given pitch = 0.1 cm. _3% The diameter of a spherical bob is measured using a Vernier rf calipers. 9 divisions ofthe main scale, in the Vernier calipers, are equal to 10 divisions of Vernier scale. One main scale ivision is 1 mm. The main scale reading is 10 mm and 8th division of Vemnier scale was found to coincide exactly with one of the main scale division. If the given Vernier calipers has positive zero error of 0.04 cm, then the radius of the bob is 107 om. “~~ (2021) 28,-ha veri allipers, each cm on the main sale is divided into 20 equal parts. If tenth vernier scale division coincides with ninth main scale division. Then the value of vernier constant will be__x 107mm. (be) (2022) DOA travelling microscope is used to determine the refractive & index of a glass slab. If 40 divisions are there in 1 em on main scale and 50 Vernier scale divisions are equal to 49 main scale divisions, then least count of the travelling microscope is x10%m. Trey {2022} ‘A student in the laboratory measures thickness of a wire using screw gauge. The readings are 1.22 mm, 1.23 mm, 1.19 mm and 1,20 mm, The percentage error is in” .The value of xis, (2022) SH The vernier constant of vernier callipers is 0.1 mm and it has zero error of -0.05 cm. While measuring diameter of a sphere, the main scale reading is 1.7 cm and coinciding vernier division is the corrected diameter will be x 107 em, (2023) PETER SE BEE BE ES SE ST SERS) 1A2_Physes wy fn an experiment of determine the Young’s modulus of wire of a length exactly 1 m, the extension in the length of the wire is measured as 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of 40,02 mm when a load of I kg,is applied. The diameter of the wire is measured as 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of £0.01 mm. The error in the measurement of Young's modulus (AY) is found to be.x x 10'°Nar. The value of x is, [Take g= 10 m/s"] 12022} 33 The one division of main scale of vernier callipers reads 1 mm and 10 di ns of Vernier scale is equal to the 9 divisions on main scale, When the two jaws of the instrument touch each other the zero of the Vernier lies to the right of zero of the main scale and its fourth division coincides with a main scale division. When a spherical bob is tightly placed between the two jaws, the zero of the Vernier scale lies in between 4.1 em and 4.2 cm and 6” JEE (Apvancep) , Single Correct Answer Type 1 Using the expression 2d sin @= ‘The diameter of a cylinder is measured using a Vernier callipers with no zero error. Tt is found that the zero of the ‘Vernier scale lies between 5.10 cm and 5.15 om of the main scale, The Vernier scale has 50 divisions equivalent to 2.45 cm. The 24th division of the Vernier scale exactly coincides with one of the main scale divisions. The diameter of the cylinder is [2013] (1) 5.112em (2) 5.124em (3) 5.136.em (4) 5.148 om one calculates the values of d by measuring the corresponding angles @ in the range 0° to 90°. The wavelength 2 is exactly known and the error in @ is constant for all values of 8. As @ increases from 0°, (2013) (1) the absolute error in d remains constant. (2) the absolute error in d increases, (3) the fractional error in d remains constant. (4) the fractional error in d decreases. . There are two Vernier calipers both of which have 1 em divided into 10 equal divisions on the main scale, The Vernier scale of one of the calipers (C;) has 10 equal divisions that correspond to 9 main scale divisions. The ‘Vernier scale ofthe other caliper (C;) has 10 equal divi that correspond to 11 main scale divisions. 2 3 4 wut Firahnee ‘Vernier division coincides with a main scale division. The diameter of the bob will be, 107 cm [2022 Tn an experiment to find acceleration due to gravity (g) using simple pendulum, time period of 0.5 s is measured| from time of 100 oscillation with a watch of Is resolution, If measured value of length is 10 cm known to Imm] accuracy. The accuracy in the determination of gis found bbe.x%. The value of xis 2023) 38, Ina screw gauge, there are 100 divisions on the circular seale and the main scale moves by 0.5 mm on a complet rotation of the circular scale, The zero of circular scale lies 6 divisions below the line of graduation when two studs are brought in contact with each other. When! a wite is placed between the studs, 4 linear scale divisions are clearly visible while 46" division the circular scale coincide with the reference line. The diameter of the wire is x 107 n 107 mm. [2023] (22 Questions) ‘The readings of the two calipers are shown in the figure. The| measured values (in em) by calipers C and C,, respectively, are 2016] (1) 2.87 and2.87 (2) 2.87 and 2.86 @) 2.87 and 2.83 (4) 2.85 and 2.82 4. A person measures the depth of a well by measuring the time interval between dropping a stone and receiving the sound of impact with the bottom of the well. The error in his ‘measurement of times 67=0.01 second and he measures the] depth of the well to be L= 20 meters, Take the acceleration due to gravity g= 10 ms™ and the velocity of sound is 300 ms“, Then the fractional error in the measurement, SL/L, is closest to (e017) (a) 02% @ 5% (3) 3% 4) 1% ‘The smallest division on the main scale ofa Vernier calipers is 0.1 em, Ten divisions of the Vernier scale correspond 0 nine divisions of the main scale, The figure below on the Jeft shows the reading of this calipers with no gap between its two jaws. The figure on the right shows the reading with a solid sphere held between the jaws. The correct diameter of the sphere is 2021] 0 mainscale 1 +3 mainscale 4 8 Vernier sale 6 Verier ete10 (1) 3.07 em Q) 3atem @) 3.15 om (4) 3.17 em measured using # 6. Area of the cross-section of a wire is is 0.5 mm. The serew gauge. The pitch of the main scale is Circular seal has 100 divisions and for on fll rotation of the circular scale, the main scale shifts by two divisions ‘The measured readings are listed below.13 Units, Dimensions and Measurement_1ot ‘Measurement Main seale | Circular scale condition reading reading Fwoarms of gauge | Odivision | 4 divisions touching each other without wit ‘Aitempt-1: With wire | 4 divisions | 20 divisions “Attempt-2: With wire | 4 divisions | _16 divisions What are the diameter and cross-sectional area of the wire measured using the screw gauge? 12022} (1) 222:0.02mm, x (1.23++0.02) mm? (2) 2.22£0.01mm, (1.234 0.01) mm* @) 2.14£0.02mm, 7 (1.140,02) mm? (4) 2.1440.01mm,7 (1.1420.01) mm? 7. Young, s modulus of elasticity Y is expressed in terms of three derived quantities, namely the gravitational constant G, planck’s constant h and speed of light c, as Y= C*H?G™ which of the following is the correct option? [2023] () @=7,8 Q) @=-7, @) a=7,8 () @=-7,8 Multiple Correct Answers Type 1, Plank’s constant A, speed of light ¢ and gravitational constant G are used to from a unit of length Z and a unit of mass M. Then the correct options(s) is (are) (2015) () Meade Q) Mee @) Levi @ Lee 2 In terms of potential difference V, electric current 1, permitivity g, permeability jp and speed of light c, the dimensionally correct equation(s) is (are) 2015] Q) ty? =ev? 2) Hol = Ho¥ @) Ieey get =e" 3. A length-scale (1) depends on the permittivity (¢) of a dielectric materiel, Boltzmann constant ky, the absolute temperature 7, the number per unit volume (1) of certain charged particles, and the charge (q) carried by each of the particles, Which of the following expressions(s) for /is(are) dimensionally comect? 12016) P ekyT a) r=} 2 Q) I= (4) o (a oy ng? @) I= (5) (4) T= (ate 4. In an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity g, the formula used for the time period of a period Ran of a periodic motion is a The values of Rand r are measured to be (60 # 1) mm and (10 4 1) mm respectively, In five successive measurements, the time period is found to be 0.52 s, 0.56 s, 0.57 5, 0.54 s an 0.59, The least countof the watch used for the measurement of time period is 0.01 Which ofthe following statement(s) is (are) true? pote) (1) ‘The error in the measurement of ris 10% Q) The error in the measurement of Tis 3.57% G) The error in the measurement of Tis 2% (4) The error in the determined value of g is 11% 5. Let us consider a system of units in which mass and angular momentum are dimensionless. length has dimension of L, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 2019] (1) The dimension of force is L° Q) The dimension of energy is L-? (3) The dimension of power is L* (4) The dimension of linear momentum is L"* 6. Sometimes itis convenient to construct a system of units so that all quantities can be expressed in terms of only one physical quantity. nonesuch system, dimensions of different ies are given in terms of a quantity X as follows: [position] = [X*]; [speed] = [X*); [acceleration] = [4°]; [linear momentum] = [A]; [force]=[X"]. Then [2020], ) o+p=26 @ prq-r=B @) pratraa @ ptatr=B 7. A physical quantity § is defined as 3 E iis electric field, B is magnetic field and ply is the permeability of free space. The dimensions of § are the same as the dimensions of which of the following quantity Ges? 2021] (y —_Enenay @ —Fowe chargexcurrent ‘LengthxTime Energy Power 3) o % ‘Volume ® ‘Area Linked Comprehension Type For Questions 1 and 2 In electromagnetic theory, the electric and magnetic phenomena are related to each’ other. Therefore, the dimensions of electric and magnetic quantities must also be related to each other. In the questions below, (£] and (8) stand for dimensions of electric and magnetic fields respectively, while [ey] and [Ho] stand for dimensions of the permittivity and permeability of free space, respectively, [L] and [7] are dimensions of length and time, respectively. All the quantities are given ia Stumits. (2018) ‘The relation between [6] and [8] i ©) l=Eyuyr) ——@ IIE ©) lta @ Ieee2.14 Physics 2, The relation between [€o] and [He] is Q) Mol=EoZPIT? — @) ol =leoIZ 7? 3) Wol=EoEPTT (4) (o)=leo LPP Matrix Match Type 1. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: 2013} List I List p. Boltzmann constant (Mery q. Coefficient of viscosity | 2, (ML) r. Planck constant 3. [MLT°K"] 8. _ Thermal conductivity 4. (MPTPKY Codes: Paros M3 12 4 @3 2.1 4 @4 2 13 @4 123 Numerical Value Type 1, To find the distance d over which a signal can be seen clearly in foggy conditions, a railways engineer uses dimensional analysis and assumes that the distance depends on the mass density p of the fog, intensity (power/area) S of the light . The energy of a system as a function of time + is given a from the signal and its frequency f. The engineer finds that| dis proportional to S"", The values of n is (2014) E(Q)= A? exp(-at), wher a= 0.2 s!. The measurement of 4 has an errror of 1.25%, If the error in the measurement of time is 1.50%, the percentage error in the value of E(t) at sis (2015) ‘Two capacitors with capacitance values C, = 2000 + 10 pF! and C, = 3000 + 15 pF are connected in series. The voltage applied across this combination is = 5.00 + 0.02 V. The| percentage error in the calculation of the energy stored in| this combination of capacitors is (2020) In a particular system of units, a physical quantity can be! expressed in terms of the electric charge e, electron mass ma Planck's constant and Coulomb's constant k=, 4ne, where 4 is the permittivity of vacuum. In terms of these Physical constants, the dimension of the magnetic field is [B]=[e]"[m,}"[A)"[k]’. The value of «+ B+ y+ 4 is ; [2022] In an experiment for determination of the focal length of a thin convex lens, the distance of the object from the lens| is 10 + O.lem and the distance of its real image from the lens is 20 + 0.2 cm. The error in the determination of focal length of the lens is 2%, The value of n is - [2023]experiments 1@ 22 3@ 40) 50) 6@ 76) &@ 9% 0A LQ 22 B@ WA 152) 16.0) IO BO 19.2) 20. @) 4.6) 2G) 2%) 24. (14) 28. (I) 26, (13) 27. (52) ‘28. (5) 29. (5) -30. (150) 31 080 32.0) 33. 12) 34.6) 38. 20) 2 : | 3eF (Aownceo) | single Correct Answer Type 1?) 38 4 5. G) 6. (4) 7.) | multiple Corect Answers Type | inp? ale se 4029 5424 } Linked Comprehension Type 1) 2@) [rd psec ia-98 | ‘Numerical Value Type | 16) 2@) 3.130) 4, @) 5. (1)