PHYSICS  The moon accelerates because it is ____.

Fundamental Quantities - Continuously changing direction

Length m- meter  Which of the graphs shows constant positive acceleration?
Mass kg- kilogram
Time s- second
Electric current a- ampere
Temp k- kelvin -
Unit of substance mol- mole  Which is an example of deceleration?
Luminous density cd- candela - A car approaching a red light
 The description of acceleration in physics is the
Significant Figures increase/decrease of speed and/or change in direction
87,000 = 8.7 x 10⁴ - TRUE
0.000045 = 4.5 x 10-⁵  A little girl throws her jackstone ball horizontally out of the
300,000,000 = 3 x 10⁸ window with a velocity of 30 m/s. if the window is 3m
Standardized : above the level ground, how long will the ball travel before
2.8 x 10⁵ = 280,000 it hits the ground?
6.75 x 10-⁶ = 0.00000675 - 0.78 s
 Vector- direction, displacement, velocity, force, acce  A cyclist travels 20km in half an hour. His average speed is
 Scalar- distance, speed, temp, with units, time - 10 km/hr
o Both: Physical quantity, magnitude  A ball is on the dashboard of a moving car. When the car
suddenly surges forward, what will happen to the ball pen?
 In an experiment, the true weight of a compound is 4.5 g. - It rolls backward by the law of inertia
Three (3) groups with 3 members each reported the values  Which of the following statement is TRUE?
seen on the table. Which reported the most accurate and - Accurate results agree closely with the accepted value.
most precise set of values?  Which of the following illustrates high accuracy but low
- Group 1 only, 4.4. 4.3 4.6 precision?
 A dog moves in a square room. If it starts and end in the Answer: C
same point and each side of the square is 30 m, what is its
displacement?
- 0
 Another dog moves in a square room, if it starts and end in
the same point and each side of the square is 30m, what is
its total distance traveled?
- 120m
 What do you call the quantities having both magnitude and CPAR
direction  ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES OF ART
- Vector The elements and principles of art are the building blocks or
 What is the vector sum of, A=2 units east & B=4 units east foundations upon which a work of art is created.
- 6 You will not use all of them all the time but you will some of
 Which does not belong to the group? them most of the time.
a. Magnetic field b. speed c. time d. mass  ELEMENTS
 A ball projected from a height of 25.0m above the ground LINE – LINES ARE THE PATH OF A MOVING POINT. THEY DEFINE
and is thrown with an initial velocity of 8.25m/s. How long THE EDGES OF SHAPES AND FORMS.
is the ball in flight before striking the ground? SHAPE- 2-D, FLAT, WHEN A LINE CONNECTS TO ITSELF
- 2.26s FORM – 3-D FORMS CAN BE ACTUAL OR IMPLIED, THEY HAVE
 Two forces act on an object as shown, calculate the HEIGHT, WIDTH, AND DEPTH
magnitude of the resultant force, x=40N, y=30N  ACTUAL FORM, IS A WORK THAT YOU CAN SEE FROM ALL
- 50N SIDES. SCULPTURE
 Using the cardinal direction, what is the direction of the  IMPLIED FORM, CREATED WITH SHADING AND MODELING.
force in the diagram. COLOR – HUE OF AN OBJECT WHEN LIGHT IS REFLECTED OFF OF
- North-east IT.
 Two groups playing tug of war, group 1 pulls 60000 N west o Primary- red yellow blue
and group 2 pulls 80000 N going east. What is the o Secondary- orange green purp
combined force and its direction? o Warm- orange yellow red
- 20000 N east o Cool – blue green purp
 Two groups playing tug of war, group 1 pulls 60000 N west
and group 2 pulls 80000 N going east. Who won the game? TEXTURE – THE WAY SOMETHING FEELS OR THE WAY IT LOOKS
- Group 2 LIKE IT FEELS. TEXTURES ARE CREATED BY USING PATTERNS
 Speed uses distance while velocity used displacement SPACE- THE AREA AROUND A SUBJECT IN A WORK OF ART.
- TRUE SHOWN WITH SIZE, OVERLAP, AND PROPORTION
 Dynamics is part of mechanism that enable us to describe VALUE – THE LIGHTS AND DARKS OF A COLOR WITHIN A WORK
motion. OF ART.
- FALSE (It should be kinematics)
 If a toy travelling at 10cm/s in the opposite direction, both  PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
cars have the same _____. PATTERNS – REPEAT THEY CAN BE CREATED WITH LINES,
- SPEED SHAPES, AND COLORS.
 When an object distance from another object is changing it CONTRAST – DIFFERENCES IN A WORK OF ART. LIGHT & DARK,
is ____. ROUGH & SMOOTH, CURVED LINE & STRAIGHT
- In motion
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BALANCE – IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE VISUAL WEIGHT OF  folklore - culture, customs and traditions
OBJECTS IN A WORK OF ART. COLOR, SIZE, TEXTURE  golden period of ph literature - japanese
EMPHASIS – MAIN IDEA, THE MAIN FOCUS, THE THING YOUR  bore the marks of the community, oral literature - pre-
EYE SEES FIRST. colonial
UNITY – A SIMILAR ELEMENT THROUGHOUT A WORK OF ART  ilocano epic - biag ni lam-ang
THAT BRINGS THE PARTS TOGETHER  who wrote the god stealer - F. Sionil Jose
PROPORTION/ SCALE – THE SIZE OF SOMETHING COMPARED  author of Padre Faura - Danton Remoto
TO WHAT IS NEXT TO IT  apo on the wall - Bj patiño
RHYTHM/MOVEMENT – VISUAL ELEMENTS IN A WORK OF ART  how did the husband die in preludes - poisoned
THAT CREATE A SENSE OF ACTION OR IMPLIED MOTION  why is the safe house entitled the safe house - main
purpose: because it's used as an evacuation area for the
 Gangsa is a traditional music instrument often associated victims; other purpose: to hold secret meetings
with the Cordillera region.  why is justitia fading in the poem - clouded by biases
 Baybay is traditional art form which involves storytelling  in figures of speech and sound
through hand-drawn images on cloth, often used for  look for the most prominent
entertainment and education in the Philippines.
 The primary function of the "singkil" dance, often  Literature – litteratura “ writing formed w/letters”(latin)
performed in the Philippines is to celebrate weddings.
 "Malong" has more intricate geometric patterns, while  Prose
"tapis" features more floral motifs Fiction- imagination NonFic- ril
 Both traditional and contemporary art forms contribute Short story- on sitiing Diary- daily
significantly to the global art scene. Novels- chapters Journal- important
 Space is an element of art which is most commonly Folktales- passed down Articles- news
associated with the use of line, shape, and form to create a stories in a culture Biography- written by some1
sense of depth in a two-dimensional artwork Folklore- trad beliefs teach Autobiograpy- own
values and morals Essays
1. Element of art refers to lightness/darkness of color - VALUE Legend- origin Research Reports
2. Most commonly associated with the use of line, shape, & Myth- creation
form to create sense of depth, 2-dimensional – SPACE Fable- animals
3. Warm color for foreground, cool colors for background, Parable- bible strories
how does this affect the perception of viewer – It confuses  Poetry
the viewers Narrative- story Lyric
4. Traditional music instrument CAR – Gangsa Epic- heroes Sonnet- 14 lines
5. Primary function of Sarimanok in Maranao culture Ballad- meant to be sung Ode- for things/particular
– Metrical tales- poetry in sub
6. Term of PH art from coconut shells as percussion story line Elegy- pang deds
instrument Tanaga- 5-7-7 Pasyon-uk that na
- Haiku- 3 lines, 5-7-5
7. Bayan Ko by Freddie Aguilar, what classification of art –  Drama
Music and Theater Comedy- happy ending
8. Rhythmic movement of body with music – Tragedy
9. Baybayin in the contemporary art form in Ph – Ancient Musical
form Cenakulo- re-enactment of Christ's passion and death
10. Use of recycled materials blablabla – SCULPTURE Melodrama- extravagant theatricality
11. Queen of Kundiman – Honorata “Atang” de La Rama
12. Involves storytelling through hand drawn images  Different Period of Literature
- Pre-colo – oral, bugtong, dung-aw
13. Singkil dance primary function – Weddings Spanish- religious, pasyon , senakulo
14. Malong differ from the Tapis of the Visayan - "Malong" has Secular- non religious,songs, leron, sarung.b,
more intricate geometric patterns, while "tapis" features Nationalistic- Propaganda- reformatory, political essays&novels.
more floral motifs Revolutionary- more violent, poerty, politic essays
15. Most effective in conveying spiritual belief Rizalist Age- mi ultimo-last work,m.del pilar-editor co.pub or L.Soli
- andres b.- pagibig sa t.upa
16. Why is the Monalisa considered a significant work of art? - American Colo- period of apprenticeship, tagalog novels, lope k
banaag, romantic poetry
CLPW POINTERS
 branches of literature - 3 items  STORIES
 periods of literature - 2 items Padre Faura – Danton Remoto, RA 1425
 national artists - 5 items Preludes- Darryl Delgado, poisoned
 stories and poems - preludes, apo on the wall, lengua para Apo- BJ Patino ,FEM Sr. a boy, jesus on hallway
diablo, the safe house, justice, padre Faura witnesses the Lengua- Merlinda Bobis, Spanish, two days cant speak, tongue
execution of Rizal for the devil
 genres - 5 items Safe H.- evacuation area
 figures of speech and sound - 7 items Justice- 23rd Renato Corona, justicia fading- clouded biases,
 contextualization - 3 items (historical, geographical, blindfold- impartiality, scales- evidences, sword- truth
biographical) verification
Branches of gov- exe-legislative-judical/judiciary
 folktales - stories in a culture, kwentong bayan

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 National Artisti
 Amado Hernandez- first N.Artist, manunulat ng
manggagawa, ibong mandaragit
 Jose Garcia Villa- DOVEGLION, COMMA POET, Footnote of
Youth BIOLOGY LASTLAST
BIOLOGY LESSON
 Nick Joaquin- Quijano De Manila
 Carlos P. Romulo – 1st Asian pres of UN general assembly  Cell theory - 7 items
 Francisco Arcella- lyrical prose-poetry  Structure and function of the cell - 5 items
 N.V.M. Gonzales-  Animal and Plant tissues - 5 items
 Levi Celerio- Guiness book, 4k songs , leaf  Cell modification - 4 items
 Edith Tiempo- Mother of PH literature  Phases of cell cycle - 2 items
 F. Sionel Jose- Rosales, PCIO PEN  Mitosis and meiosis- 10
 Virgilio Almario – RioAlma , LIRA  Diseases in Cell Cycle – 1 non disjunction
 Alejandro Roces- best writer of comic short stories  Structure and components of cell membrane- 7
 Bienvenido Lumbera – Bagay Poetry  Transport Mechanism - 4 items
 Lazaro Francisco- master of tagalog novel  Exocytosis and endocytosis - 6 items
 Cirilio F. Bautista- fictionist , essayist, unfunded worshop
 Cell theory
Genre
 Comics- sqntial imgs 1. control center of the cell - nucleus
2. Which cell structure can be found in the nucleus -
 Manga- Japanese, Manwha- Korean, Manhua – Chinese
chromosomes
 Blogs- regularly updated web 3. How did anton vann contribute in cell theory - He
 Vlog- blog in video format used lens to make simple microscopes
 Text tula- group of words that uses mobile gadgets 4. Theodor and matthais are recognized for their
 Chicklit- mainly to women discovery of cell - schwann animals schleiden
 Instant Mess- online chat plants
 Digital fic- fiction that is written for read from a computer- 5. Organelle responsible packaging modifying and
ebooks/ MMORPG transporting proteins - golgi bodies
 Speculative Fic- setting is other word or au, 6. In Which subcellular organelle is the DNA stored
supernatural,futuristic in - nucleus
 Memes- humorous something
 Structure
Figures or Speech
 Simile- comparison- like/ as 1. If a scientist is given a sample of cells, which
Eg. Gloridelle is like a stone. structure how to determine eukaryotic or
 Metaphor- direct comparison prokaryotic - the presence of nucleus.
Eg. Gloridelle is a stone
 Personification- giving humanlike traits  Animal and Plant tissues
Eg. The rivers rage and rocks grow cold.
 Hyperbole- exaggeration Levels of biological organization -
Eg. If he talks to me , I’ll die of embarassment
 Imagery- appeals to senses 1. What is the primary function of muscle cell in
Eg. Where beautiful flowers blow , and blushing birds go down to animal tissues - contracting general force
drink
 Oxymoron- two opposing statements
Eg. Old news, deafening silence  Cell modification
 Irony- use of words to express smth other than the
opposite meaning or what is expected 1. Imagine a plant cell that lacks root hair, how it will
Eg. The policeman was caught using dangerous things. affect the plant - the plants ability to absorb
 Onomatopoeia- use of sounds nutrients might be compromised
 Alliteration- initial/first sound consonant 2. In which type of cell would u most likely find the
Eg. These Delights might move my mind adaptation for flagella movement- sperm cell
 Assonance- repetition of vowel sounds 3. If the cell lacks the adaptation of cilia, what
Eg. Go, grow, and glow groceries are sold by the road potential consequences might - impaired
 Consonance- repetition of consonant sounds anywhere movements
Eg. Hickory dickory dock 4. Phases of cell cycle
5. Duplicate chromosomes- S phase
Contextualization 6. If u are task to make an acronym to help others
 Historical- the social, economic, political, and religious remember the stages of meiosis - pneumonic that
events that influenced the writing of a text uses first initial
 Geographical- ways in which specific place forges the ppl 7. During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear
who lives there envelope reform - telophase
 Biographical - formed by the beliefs, education, culture, 8. Which phase of cell cycle involves the replication
of dna - interphase
and experiences of the author
9. Supposed u are observing cells in microscope and
describes a cell as having unusual number of
chromosomes after meiosis 1 - nondisjunction.
10. During which stage of meiosis does crossing over
occur - prophase 1
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 11. Product of meiosis 1 - 2 haploid cells
12. Main purpose of mitosis - repairing damaged
tissues
13. In which process do daughter cells hace half of
the chromosome number of parent cell - meiosis

 Diseased cell cycle  Cell membrane is made of phospholipids in a bilayer (by E.

Gorter and F. Grendel in 1925)
1. Cancer cells have rapid cell division that is why
disjunction happen

 Structural components of the cell membrane

1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane
- to control the substance that can enter and exit
the cell membrane  Phospholipids: – Amphipathic → has hydrophobic and
2. What is the basic structure of the cell membrane - hydrophilic regions
a double layer of phospholipids  But, the cell membrane is more than just phospholipids…
3. What role does cholesterol play in the cell  S. J. Singer & G. Nicolson (1972) → proposed that
membrane - fluidity and stability membrane proteins are inserted into the phospholipid
4. Relationship between membrane composition and bilayer → called it the Fluid Mosaic Model
cell function, aspect to analyze - the impact of
 Why Proteins? – Proteins are mixed molecules
membraneracemdjdhshd to cell processes
5. Transport mechanism of water across a (amphipathic):
reflectively passive membrane- • Hydrophobic amino acids – Stick in the lipid membrane –
6. during diffusion when the concentration of the cell Anchors the protein in membrane
membrane is equal - continue to move across the • Hydrophilic amino acids – Stick out in the water fluid in &
membrane in both direction around cell – Specialized “receptor” for specific molecules
7. Which of the following refers to the movement of  Membrane Proteins – Membranes (cell & organelle) have a
lipids to phospholipids - diffusion unique collection of proteins to determine function
 Membrane Protein Types
 Exo and endo – Peripheral proteins → loosely bound to surface of
membrane
1. How does exo differ to endo in terms of direction – Integral Proteins → penetrate into lipid bilayer, often
of substance movements- exo move substance completely spanning the membrane (called
out of the cell, endo inside the cell transmembrane protein)
2. During endo a macromolecules bind to receptors  Membrane proteins provide a variety of cell functions
along the cells chu chi example of blank - receptor  Membrane Carbohydrates – Play a key role in cell – cell
mediated endo recognition
3. Movement of water hypotonic - h20 going in • Ability of a cell to distinguish neighboring cells from
 Hypo - papasok ng water another
 Hyper - lalabas water • Important in organ & tissue development
 Isotonic - Normal, Homeostasis/Balance • Basis for rejection of foreign cells by immune system –
 Passive transport does not require atp cuz it goes Can be:
against the graduent high to low
• Glycolipids (carb + lipid)
 Active transport need atp
• Glycoproteins (carb + protein)
 Diff of exo and endo
 Osmosis
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
 Diffusion
 Fluidity of Membranes
– Due to the types of hydrocarbon tails at the tip of
Membrane Structure and Function each phospholipid
• Saturated hydrocarbon tails → packed tightly
together & less fluid
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails → have kinks in
molecule which keeps molecules from being tightly
packed → enhanced fluidity
 Fluidity of Membranes – Animal Cells – Have
cholesterol embedded in cell membranes
Construction of Cell Membranes • which further changes fluidity by restraining
 Cells need an inside & an outside to separate the cell from phospholipid movement
its environment. • 37oC (body temp) → resists fluidity
 Can it be an impenetrable boundary? NO
 How do you build a barrier that keeps the watery contents SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
of the cell separate from the watery environment? Construction of membrane allows for some substances to
pass through membrane without resistance.
– Nonpolar molecules (hydrocarbons, CO2 , O2 ) →
hydrophobic; can dissolve in lipid bilayer

4
– Polar molecules (ions, H20) → core of membrane stops
passage
– Large polar molecules (glucose) → passes very slowly
Thus, membrane is said to be semi-permeable
– Controls what enters and exits cell
– What types of things does the membrane control?
– How do you build a semi-permeable membrane?
Membranes need to be permeable to:
– Bring in all materials a cell needs
Facilitated Diffusion: movement of larger particles and
– Excrete out all cellular (metabolic) waste
ions across the cell membrane aided by protein channels
– Export out al products a cell makes
– Channel proteins→ corridors for specific molecules
• Proteins act as channels to move molecules
• Water Channels → Aquaporins
• Ion Channels → gated channels to regulate ioN
movement; open
upon electrical
stimulus
– Carrier proteins → has a
To remain in control of the semi-permeable nature of the shape interaction that
membrane, specific channels allow specific material in binds substrate to protein to
and out cross membrane

Passive Transport PASSIVE TRANSPORT – OSMOSIS

• Movement of molecules through the membrane with  Osmosis: diffusion of water from high to low
the concentration gradient (from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
concentration)  Direction of osmosis is determined by comparing total
• Does not use energy solute concentrations
• Movement continues until equilibrium is reached – Hypertonic = more solute, less water
– Hypotonic = less solute, more water
– Isotonic = equal solute, equal water

 Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake &

loss

 Lipids diffuse across the membrane.

PASSIVE TRANSPORT – DIFFUSION

 Diffusion: movement of particles from high → low

concentration
– follows 2nd law of thermodynamics
P.T. – ISOTONIC
 Isotonic Solutions
– No net movement of water across plasma
membrane
– Water flows across membrane, at same rate in both
directions
– Volume of cell is stable
Diffusion of multiple substances: – EX: blood cells in blood
– Each substance diffuses down its own concentration P.T. – HYPOTONIC
gradient (at different speeds)  Animal cells → gain water, swell, & burst
– Independent of each other – Paramecium vs. pond water
• Paramecium is hypertonic
PASSIVE TRANSPORT – FACILITATED DIFFUSION • Water constantly enters cell
• Has a contractile vacuole to constantly pump water
out of cell (ATP)
• Plant cell → makes cell turgid
 Contractile vacuole in Paramecium

ACTIVE TRANSPORT
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 Cells may need to move molecules against the
concentration gradient.
– From low to high concentration
– Need a protein pump to move molecules
– REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP
• Has many models and mechanisms

Endocytosis/Exocytosis
• Movement of large molecules into and out of cell –
Through vesicles and vacuoles
ENDOCYTOSIS
Phagocytosis = “cellular eating” via lysosome • Pinocytosis
= “cellular drinking” • Receptor-mediated endocytosis →
triggered by ligand signal

EXOCYTOSIS
Using a secretory vesicle to remove food, wastes from cell