Linear Equations in Two Variables

Topic : Solution of Linear Equations

Exercise 4.1 Solutions

1. Question:
The cost of a paperclip is twice the cost of a pencil. Write a linear equation in two variables to
represent this statement.

Solution:
Let the cost of a pencil be x.
Then, the cost of the paperclip (y) = 2x
Hence, the linear equation is: y = 2x (1 mark)

2. Question:
Find the value of k, if x = 4 , y = -1 is a solution of the equation x + y - k = 0

Solution:
Given equation is x + y - k = 0
x = 4, y = -1 is a solution of equation x + y - k = 0 (1 mark)
4 + (-1) - k = 0
4-1-k=0
3-k=0
k=3 (1 mark)

3. Question:
Write each of the following equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the values of ''a'', ''b''
and ''c'' in each case:
(i) x - 2y = 3
(ii) 3x - 2y = 4
(iii) 5x + 4y = 22

Solution:
(i) x - 2y = 3
x - 2y - 3 = 0
Here a = 1, b = -2, c = -3 (1 mark)
(ii) 3x - 2y = 4
3x - 2y - 4 = 0
Here a = 3, b = -2, c = -4 (1 mark)
(ii) 5x + 4y = 22
 5x + 4y - 22 = 0
Here a = 5, b = 4, c = -22 (1 mark)

4. Question:
Write each of the following in two variables:
(i) x = -10
(ii) y = 3
(iii) 2x = 3
(iv) 7y = 4

Solution:
(i) x = -10
1 . x + 0 . y = -10
1 . x + 0 . y + 10 = 0 (1/2 mark)
(ii) y = 3
0.x+1.y=3
0.x+1.y-3=0 (1/2 mark)
(iii) 2x = 3
2.x+0.y=3
2.x+0.y-3=0 (1/2 mark)
(iv) 7y = 4
0.x+7.y=4
0.x+7.y-4=0 (1/2 mark)

5. Question:
Write each of the following equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the values of ''a'' ''b''
and ''c'' in each case:

(i)5x = 4y - 22 (ii) 7y = 4 (iii)

Solution:
(i)5x = 4y- 22 can be written as 5x - 4y + 22 = 0
Here, a = 5, b = -4 , c = 22 (1 mark)
(ii)7y = 4
0.x + 7.y = 4
0.x + 7.y - 4 = 0
Here, a = 0, b = 7 , c = 4 (1 mark)
(iii)

6. Question:
Show that x = 4, y = 1 is a solution of the system of simultaneous linear equations.
x - 2y = 2; 3x + 5y = 17.

Solution:
The given system of equations is
x - 2y = 2 (1)
3x + 5y = 17 (2)
Putting x = 4, y = 1 in (1), we get,
LHS = 4 -2 1
LHS = 4 - 2 = 2 = RHS. (1 mark)
Putting x = 4, y = 1 in (2), we get,
LHS = 3 4 + 5 1
= 12 + 5
= 17
= RHS
Thus, x = 4, y = 1 satisfies both the equations of the given system.
Hence, x = 4, y = 1 is a solution of the given system. (1 mark)

7. Question:
Find two solutions for the linear equation 4x + 2y = 12.

Solution:
Let us take x = 0, then,
4(0) + 2y = 12 y=6 (1 mark)
Now, let us take y = 0, we get,
4x + 2(0) = 12 x=3
Hence two solutions for the given linear equation are:
(0, 6) and (3, 0) (1 mark)

8. Question:
Show that (x = 1 and y = 1) as well as (x = 2 and y = 5) is a solution of 4x - y -3 = 0.
Solution:
We have, 4x - y - 3 = 0
If we put x = 1 and y = 1 in the given equation, we have
LHS = 4(1) - 1 - 3
= 4-4
= 0 = RHS
So, x = 1 and y = 1 is a solution of 4x - y -3 = 0. ( 1 mark)
If we put x = 2 and y = 5 in the equation 4x - y -3 = 0, we have
LHS = 4(2) - 5 - 3
=8-8
= 0 = RHS
So, x = 2 and y = 5 is a solution of 4x - y -3 = 0. (1 mark)

9. Question:
Express y in terms of x, it being given that 3x + y - 12 = 0. Check whether the point (3, 3) is on the
line represented by the equation 3x + y - 12 = 0.

Solution:
Given equation is 3x + y - 12 = 0 (1)
y = 12 - 3x
Point (3, 3) will lie on equation (1) if it satisfies the equation. (1 mark)
LHS = 3x + y - 12
Putting x = 3, y = 3, we get,
3 3 + 3 - 12
= 9 + 3 - 12
=0
= RHS
Therefore, the given point lies on the equation. (1 mark)

10. Question:
Find four solutions for each of the following equations:
(i) 2(x + 3) - 3(y + 1) = 0 (ii) 2x - 3(y - 2) = 0

Solution:
(i) 2(x + 3) - 3(y + 1) = 0
2x + 6 - 3y - 3 = 0
2x - 3y + 3 = 0
Expressing y in terms of x, we get,
2x + 3 = 3y

Or
By inspection
(i) x = 0, y = 1 is a solution.
(ii) x = 3, y = 3 is also a solution.
(iii) x = 6, y = 5 is also a solution.
(iv) x = -3, y = -1 is also a solution.
So, the solutions are
x 0 3 6 -3
y 1 3 5 -1
(2 marks)
(ii) 2x - 3(y - 2) = 0
2x - 3y + 6 = 0
2x + 6 = 3y

y=
By inspection solutions are
(i) x = 0, y = 2
(ii) x = 3, y = 4
(iii) x = 6, y = 6
(iv) x = -3, y = 0 (2 marks)

11. Question:
Express x in terms of y given that 7x - 3y = 15. Check if the line represented by the given equation
intersects the y-axis at y = -5.

Solution:
The given equation is 7x - 3y = 15
7x = 15 + 3y

(1 mark)
The line represented by the equation 7x - 3y = 15 intersects the y-axis where
x = 0.
Putting x = 0 in 7x - 3y = 15, we get,
7(0) - 3y = 15
-3y = 15
y = -5
Hence, the line represented by the given equation intersects the y-axis at y = -5. (1 mark)

12. Question:
Find the value of C if x = 0, y = -2 is the solution of the equation equation:
2x + cy = -1

Solution:
Since, x = 0, y = -2 is the solution of the equation.
Therefore, 2 0 + c (-2) = -1
0 - 2c = -1 (1 mark)
-2c = -1
Therefore,

c=

(1 mark)

13. Question:
Find out whether x = 6, y = 0 is a solution of the given system of equations
x + 3y = 6
2x - 3y = 12

Solution:
x + 3y = 6
LHS = x + 3y
=6+3x0=6
= RHS
Therefore, x = 6, y = 0 is a solution of the equation x + 3y = 6 (1 mark)
2x - 3y = 12
LHS = 2x - 3y
x = 6, y = 0
=2x6-3x0
= 12 - 0
= 12
= RHS (1 mark)

14. Question:
Show that x = 4, y = 1 is a solution of the system of simultaneous linear equations.
x - 2y = 2
3x + 5y = 17.

Solution:
The given system of equations is
x- 2y = 2 (1)
3x + 5y = 17 (2)
Putting x = 4, y = 1 in (1), we get,
LHS = 4 -2 1
LHS = 4 - 2= 2= RHS. (1 mark)
Putting x = 4, y = 1 in (2),
we get, LHS = 3 4 + 5 1
= 12 + 5 = 17 = RHS (1 mark)
Thus x = 4, y = 1 satisfies both the equations of the given system.
Hence x = 4, y = 1 is a solution of the given system.

15. Question:
Find the value of p and q, if x = - 4, y = 2 is a solution of given system of equations:
2y + px = 8 ; 5y + qx = 14

Solution:
The given system of equations is
2y + px = 8 (1)
5y + qx = 14 (2)
Since, x = - 4, y = 2 is a solution of both the equations, therefore, x = - 4, y = 2 should satisfy both
the equations.
Putting x = - 4 and y = 2 in (1), we get,

(1.5 marks)
Again, putting x = - 4, y = 2 in (2), we get,

Hence, p = -1, q = -1 (1.5 marks)

16. Question:
Check whether x = 6, y = 0 is a solution of the following system of equations or not:
x + 3y = 6
2x - 3y = 12

Solution:
The given system of equations is
x + 3y = 6 (1)
2x - 3y = 12 (2)
Putting x = 6, y = 0 in (1), we get,
LHS = 6 + 3 0 = 6 + 0
=6
= RHS (1 mark)
Putting x = 6, y = 0 in (2), we get,
RHS = 2 6 - 3 0
= 12 - 0 = 12
= RHS (1 mark)
Thus, x = 6, y = 0 satisfies both the equations.
Hence, x = 6, y = 0 is a solution of the given system.

17. Question:
Show that x = 4, y = -1 is a solution of the equation x + y - 3 = 0
Solution:
Given equation is x + y - 3 = 0
LHS = x + y - 3
Substituting x = 4, y = -1 in it, we get,
LHS = 4 - 1 - 3 (1/2 mark)
=0
= RHS
LHS = RHS
Therefore, x = 4, y = -1 is the solution of the equation. (1/2 mark)

18. Question:
Classify the following equations as linear and non-linear.
1) 5x - 6 = 3x - 8
2)
3) x2- 5x + 3 = 0
4) 2 sinx - 1 = 0

Solution:
1) 5x - 6 = 3x - 8 is a linear equation since, the degree is 1. (1/2 mark)
2) is a linear equation because squaring both the sides we get

x - 8 = 9 which is a linear equation. (1/2 mark)

3) x2 - 5x + 3 = 0 is not a linear equation. It is a quadratic equation since the degree is 2. (1/2
mark)
4) 2sinx - 1 = 0 is not a linear equation. It is a trigonometric equation. (1/2 mark)

19. Question:
Express x in terms of y, given that 2y - 4x = 7. Check whether (-1, -1) is a point on the given line.

Solution:
The given line is 2y - 4x = 7
- 4x = 7 - 2y

x=

x= (i) (1 mark)
Putting x = -1 and y = -1 in (i), we get,
LHS = x = -1

RHS =
LHS RHS
Then, x = -1, y = -1 is not a point on the given line. (1 mark)

20. Question:
Find the value of c if (-1, 3) is the solution of the equation:
2cx - 2y = 5

Solution:
Since, (-1, 3) is the solution of the equation,
2c (-1) - 2 3 = 5 (1 mark)
-2c - 6 = 5
-2c = 11
Therefore,

(1 mark)

21. Question:
Write four solutions for each of the following equation:
(i) x - 2y = 3
(ii) 3x - 2y = 4

Solution:
We have,
x - 2y = 3
when y = 0, then x = 3 + 2(0) = 3
when y = 1, then x = 3 + 2(1) = 5
when y = -1, then x = 3 + 2(-1) = 1
when y = -2, then x = 3 + 2(-1) = -1
Thu,s we have, the following table
x 3 5 1 -1
y 0 1 -1 -2
(2.5 marks)
(ii) We have,
3x - 3y = 4
3x = 4 + 2y

when y = 1, then
when y = 0, then

when y = -2, then

when y = 4, then
Thus, we have the following table:
x 2 1.33 0 4
y 1 0 -2 4
(2.5 marks)

22. Question:
Find four different solutions of the equation 2x + 4 = 3y + 1

Solution:
We have,
2x + 4 = 3y + 1

2x = 3y - 3

(1 mark)

when y = 0, then x =

when y = 1, then x =

when y = -1, then x =

when y = 2, then x =
Thus, we have,
x -1.5 0 -3 1.5
y 0 1 -1 2
( 2 marks)

23. Question:
In 3x + 7y = 14, express y in terms of x. Check whether (3, -2) is a point on the given line.

Solution:
We have, 3x + 7y = 14
7y = 14 - 3x

(1 mark)
Putting x = 3 and y = -2 in the given equation, we have,
LHS = 3(3) + 7(-2)
= 9 -14
= -5 14 = RHS
So, x = 3 and y = -2 is not a solution of the given equation.
Hence, (3, -2) does not lie on the given line. (1 mark)

24. Question:
Find the value of p if the line represented by the equation 2x - py = 12 passes through the point (1, -
1).

Solution:
Since, the equation 2x - py = 12 passes through the point (1, -1),
the point (1, -1) must satisfy the given equation.
i.e. 2(1) - p(-1) = 12 (1 mark)
2 + p = 12
p = 10
Hence, p = 10 (1 mark)

25. Question:
Find 4 solutions of the following equation:
2x - 3y = -5

Solution:
2x - 3y = -5
3y = 2x + 5

Therefore,
If x = 0

y
If x = 1

If x = -1

=1
If x = 2,

=3
Therefore, the required solutions are:

, , (-1, 1) and (2, 3). (1/2 mark for each correct pair)

26. Question:
Show that (3, 0) as well as (5, 1) is a solution of x - 2y = 3.

Solution:
We have the equation x - 2y = 3
If we put x = 3 and y = 0 in the given equation we have,
L.H.S. = 3 - 2(0)
= 3 = RHS (1/2 mark)
So, x = 3 and y = 0 is a solution of x - 2y = 3 (1/2 mark)
If we put x = 5 and y = 1 in the given equation we have,
LHS = 5 - 2(1)
= 5 - 2 = 3 = RHS (1/2 mark)
So, x = 5 and y = 1 is a solution of x - 2y = 3. (1/2 mark)

27. Question:I
f x = 2k – 1 and y = k is a solution of the equation 3x – 5y -7=0, find the value of k.

Solution:
It is given that x = 2k -1 and y = k is a solution of the given equation.
Therefore, 3(2k-1) – 5k –7 = 0
6k – 3 - 5k – 7 = 0 (1 mark)
k -10 = 0
k = 10 (1 mark)

28. Question:
Write the four solutions for each of the following equation:
(i) x - 2y = 3 (ii) 3x - 2y = 4.

Solution:
(i) We have, x - 2y = 3
x = 3 + 2y
When y = 0, then x = 3 + 2(0) = 3
When, y = 1, then x = 3 + 2(1) = 5
When, y = -1, then x = 3 + 2(-1) = 1
When y = -2, then x = 3 + 2(-2) = -1 (2 marks)
(ii) We have, 3x - 2y = 4

So, when y =1, then x = 2

when y = 4, then x = 4
when y = -2, then x = 0

when y = -1, then x = (2 marks)

29. Question:
Find the value of k, if x = 2, y = 2 is a solution of the equation 2x - y = k. Using the value of k find 3
more solutions of the equation.How many solutions this equation has?

Solution:
Given equation is 2x - y = k
Now x = 2, y = 2 is a solution of given equation.
So 4 - 2 = k
2 = k (1/2 mark)
So, the equation becomes 2x - y = 2
y = 2x - 2
Now, x = 0 y = -2; x = 1 y = 0; x =2 y = -2. (1 mark)
Thus, this equation will have infinite solutions. (1/2 mark)

30. Question:
Find the value of ''a'' such that the following equation have x = 1, y = 1 as one of the solutions
(i) 5y + 2ax = 3a
(ii) 12ax + 9ay = 63

Solution:
(i) 5y + 2ax = 3a
Solution of the above equation is x = 1, y = 1
Therefore, LHS = 5 x 1 + 2a x 1
RHS = 3a
As LHS = RHS
Therefore, 5 + 2a = 3a
a=5 (1.5 marks)

(ii) 12ax + 9ay = 63

Solution of the above equation x = 1, y = 1
12a x 1 + 9a x 1 = 63
21a = 63
a=3 (1.5 marks)
 31. Question:
Solve the given equations by Substitution method: x + y = 5 and y – 4x = 0.

Solution:
x + y = 5 …(1)
y – 4x = 0 … (2)
From eq. (1), we get
y=5–x
Substituting value of y in eq. (2), we get
(5 – x) – 4x = 0
Or, 5x =5
Or, x = 1
Now, substituting the value of x in eq. (1), we get
1+y=5
Or, y = 5 – 1
Or, y = 4

32. Question:
If x = 3, y = -2 is a solution of the given system of equations :
x + ay = -1
bx - 3y = 12
Find the value of a and b.

Solution:
The given system of equations is
x + ay = -1 (1)
bx - 3y = 12 (2)
Since x = 3, y = -2 is a solution of the given system,
therefore, x = 3, y = -2 should satisfy both the equations (1/2 mark)
Putting x = 3, y = -2 in (1), we get ,
3 + a (-2) = -1

(1 mark)
Again, putting x = 3, y = -2 in (2), we get
b 3 -3(-2) = 12 (1/2 mark)

Hence a = 2 and b = 2. (1 mark)

33. Question:
Solve the given equations by elimination method: x + 2y – 1 = 0 and 3x – y – 17 = 0.
Solution:
x + 2y – 1 = 0 … (1)
3x – y – 17 = 0 … (2)
Multiply eq. (1) by 3, we get
3x + 6y – 3 = 0 … (3)
Subtract eq. (2) from eq. (3), we get
7y + 14 = 0
Or, y = –2
Substituting the value of y in eq. (1), we get
x + 2(–2) – 1 = 0
or, x – 4 – 1 = 0
or, x – 5 = 0
or, x = 5

34. Question:
Find the value of k, if the line represented by the equation 3x + ky = 14 has solution (2, 4).

Solution:
Since, the equation 3x + ky = 14 passes through the point (2, 4),
x = 2 and y = 4 must satisfy the given equation.
3(2) + k(4) = 14
6 + 4k = 14
4k = 14 - 6 = 8 (1 mark)

Hence, k = 2 (1 mark)

35. Question:

A fraction becomes if 1 is added to both numerator and denominator. Write a linear equation in
two variables to repesent this statement.

Solution:

A fraction becomes if 1 is added to both numerator and denominator.

Suppose, numerator be x and denominator be y.

Therefore, fraction becomes (1/2 mark)

According to question
5x + 5 = 4y + 4
5x - 4y + 1 = 0 (1/2 mark)

36. Question:
Write three solutions of the equation 2x - 4y = 10.

Solution:
Given equation is 2x - 4y = 10
2x - 4y = 10 (1)
By inspect, we find that x = 7, y = 1 is the solution of equation (1)
As LHS = 2x - 4y
= 2 7 - 4 1= 10 (1 mark)
Let x = 0, then 2 0 - 4y = 10
-4y = 10

(1 mark)

Then x = 0, is the solution set.

Let x = 1, then 2 1 - 4y = 10
-4y = 10 - 2 = 8
y = -2 (1 mark)
So, x = 1, y = -2 is the solution set. Therefore, the solution set of the equation is
1. x = 7, y = 1

2. x = 0, y =
3. x = 1, y =-2 (1 mark)

37. Question:
The sum of two numbers is 53 and their difference is 25, find the numbers.

Solution:
Let, first number is x
And second number is y
So, x + y = 53 … (1)
And x – y = 25 … (2)
Now, adding eq. (1) and eq. (2), we get
2x = 78
Or, x = 39
Substituting the value of x in eq. (1), we get
y = 53 – 39 = 14
Hence, the numbers are 39 and 14.
 38. Question:
Solve the equation 2y + 1 = y - 3, and represent the solution on
(i) the number lines,
(ii) the cartesian plane

Solution:
We solve
2y + 1 = y - 3, to get
2y - y = -3 - 1
i.e y = -4 (1/2 mark)
(i).

(1 mark)
(ii) We know that y = -4 can be written as 0 . x + 1 . y = -4, which is a linear equation in the
variables x and y.

Therefore, y must satisfies the equation y = -4 (1/2 mark)

 (1
mark)

39. Question:
Write the linear equation for the statements given below:
(i) The perimeter of a rectangle is 40 cm.
(ii) A fraction becomes 4/5, if 1 is added to both numerator and denominator.
(iii)A and B each have certain number of oranges. A says to B, "if you give me 10 of your oranges, I
will have twice the number of oranges left with you."

Solution:
(i) Perimeter of a rectangle is given by 2( +b)
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle are given by x and y, respectively.
so, 2(x+y) = 40
x+y = 20 (1 mark)
(ii)Suppose, numerator be x and denominator be y

Therefore, fraction becomes

So,
5(x + 1) = 4(y + 1)
5x + 5 = 4y + 4
5x - 4y + 1 = 0 (1 mark)
(iii) Let A has x oranges and B has y oranges.
According to the given condition, we have:
x + 10 = 2 (y - 10)
x + 10 = 2y - 20
x - 2y + 30 = 0 (1 mark)

40. Question:
In a village, secondary school enrolment of girls has doubled this year as compared to last year.
Considering this year’s enrolment as y and previous year’s enrolment as x :
(a) Form a linear equation for this information.
(b) Find four solutions for the linear equation obtained in part (a).
(c) What is the value depicted here? (V) (CBSE sample)

Solution:
(a) This year’s enrolment is given as y and previous year’s enrolment is given as x. Then, according
to the given question, we have:
y= 2x, which is the required linear equation. (1 mark)
(b) We have, y = 2x
Now, when x = 10, y = 2(10) = 20
When x = 15, y = 2(15) = 30
When x = 20, y = 2(20) = 40
When x = 25, y = 2(25) = 50 (2 marks)
(c) Gender equality, Freedom (1 mark)

41. Question:
Find the value of k, if the line represented by the equation 3x + ky = 14 has solution (2, 4).

Solution:
Since, the equation 3x + ky = 14 passes through the point (2, 4),
x = 2 and y = 4 must satisfy the given equation. (1 mark)
3(2) + k(4) = 14
 6 + 4k = 14
4k = 14 - 6 = 8 (1 mark)

(1/2 mark)
Hence, k = 2 (1/2 mark)

42. Question:
The taxi fare in a city is as follows: For the first kilometre, the fare is Rs. 8, for the subsequent
distance it is Rs. 5 per km. Taking the distance covered as x km and total fare as Rs. y, write a linear
equation for this information.

Solution:
Total fare of Rs. y for covering distance of x kilometres is given by:
y = 8 + 5 x (x – 1) (1 mark)
y = 8 +5x – 5
y = 5x +3
This is the required linear equation for the given information. (1 mark)

43. Question:
(a) Every six months price of petrol increases at the rate of Rs. 5 per litre. Taking price of petrol in
Dec. 2011 as ‘x’ and present price of petrol as ‘y’, form a linear equation showing amount spent on
petrol in Dec. 2012.
(b) Due to continuous rise in the petrol price people are shifting towards CNG in place of petrol
whose price increases at a rate of Rs. 4 per litre in a year. Form a linear equation taking price of
CNG in Dec. 2011 as ‘a’ and in Dec. 2012, as ‘b’.
(c) Which fuel will you prefer and why?
(d) Which value is depicted by using CNG over petrol? (V) (CBSE sample)

Solution:
(a) Since every six months price of petrol increases at the rate of Rs. 5 per litre, therefore total
increase in the price of petrol from Dec. 2011 to Dec. 2012 is Rs. 10.
By taking price of petrol in Dec. 2011 as ‘x’ and present price of petrol as ‘y’, we get the required
linear equation as: y = x + 10 (1 mark)
(b) By taking price of CNG in Dec. 2011 as ‘a’ and in Dec. 2012, as ‘b’, we get the required linear
equation as: b = a + 4 (1 mark)
(c) CNG, because CNG is cheaper than petrol. (1 mark)
(d) Environmental protection. (1 mark)

44. Question:
Five years later, I shall be two and a half times as old as by son. Write a linear equation in two
variables to represent this statement.
Solution:
Suppose my present age be x years.
and son's present age be y years.
Five years later,
My age will be (x + 5) years.
Son's age will be (y + 5) years. (1 mark)
Therefore, according to the question,

(x + 5) = (y + 5) (1 mark)

2(x + 5) = 5(y + 5)
2x + 10 = 5y + 25
2x - 5y + 10 - 25 = 0
2x - 5y - 15 = 0 (1 mark)

45. Question:
If the length and breadth of a room are increased by 1 m each, its area is increased by 21 sq. m. If
the length is increased by 1 m and breadth is decreased by 1 m, the area of the room is decreased
by 5 sq. m. What would be the area of the room?

Solution:
Let, the length of the room = x m
breadth of the room = y m
Area of the room = xy m2
In first case,
Area is increased by 21 m2,
i.e., (x + 1)(y + 1) – xy = 21
Or, xy + x + y + 1 – xy = 21
Or, x + y = 20 …(1)
In second case,
Area is decreased by 5 m2
xy – (x + 1) (y – 1) = 5
Or, xy – (xy – x + y – 1 ) = 5
Or, x – y + 1 = 5
Or, x – y = 4 … (2)
Now, solving eq. (1) and eq. (2), we get
x = 12
Substituting value of x in eq. (1), we get
y=8
Hence, the area of the room = (12 x 8) m2 = 96 m2

46. Question:
(i) I am four times as old as my son. Write a linear equation in two variables to represent this
statement.
(ii) If twice the son's age in years is added to the father's age, the father is 70. Write a linear equation
in two variables to respesent this statements.

Solution:
(i) I am four times as old as my son.
Suppose my age be x years and son's age is y years.
Then x = 4y
x -4y = 0 (1 mark)
(ii) Twice the son's age in years is added to the father's age
Suppose father's age be x years and son's age be y years
Then, x + 2y = 70 (2 marks)

47. Question:
If x = 1, y = 2 is a solution of the equation a2x + ay = 3, then find the values of a.

Solution:
It is given that x = 1, y = 2 is a solution of the equation a2x +ay = 3. Therefore,
a2 x 1 + a x 2 = 3 (1 mark)
a2 + 2a - 3 = 0
a2 + 3a – a –3 = 0
a(a +3) – 1(a +3) = 0
(a -1)(a +3) = 0
a – 1 = 0 or a + 3 = 0
a = 1 or a = -3 (1 mark)

48. Question:
On her birthday Amita distributed chocolates in an orphanage. She gave 5 chocolates to each child
and 20 chocolates to adults. Taking number of children as x and total chocolates distributed as y.
(a) Form a linear equation.
(b) If she distributed 145 chocolates, how many children are there in the orphanage?
(c) Explain the value depicted here by Amita. (V) (CBSE sample)

Solution:
(a) By taking number of children as x and total chocolates distributed as y, we have:
y = 5x + 20, which is the required linear equation. (1 mark)
(b) Given that y = 145. Therefore, we have:
145 = 5x + 20
5x = 145 – 20 = 125
x = 25 (2 marks)
(c) Compassion, sympathy, helpfulness (1 mark)
 49. Question:
Prove that If two straight lines meet, then the adjacent angles so formed are supplementary.

Solution:

∠ ABD + ∠ CBD = 180°

Now,
1. ∠ ABD + ∠ CBD = ∠ ABC (ABC is a straight line)
2. ∠ ABC = 180° (Straight angle)
3. ∠ ABD + ∠ CBD = 180° (From (1) and (2))
Hence Proved.

50. Question:
If the work done by body on application of a constant force is directly proportional to the distance
travelled by the body, express this in the form of an eqaution in two varibales by taking the constant
force as 5 units.

Solution:
Let x be the distance travelled and y be the work done. Then, according to the question, we have:
y x
y = Cx, where C is a constant (1 mark)
It is given that the constant force is of 5 units, Therefore, C = 5
Putting C = 5 in y = Cx,
we get: y = 5x (1 mark)