Word Problems

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 WORD PROBLEMS OUTLINE

Many of the principles previously discussed are used to

solve word problems:

 Rate Problems
 Work Problems
 Wage Problems
 Mixture Problems
 Profit
 Fixed & Variable cost
 Conversion Problem

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 Opposite direction
Rate Problems Catch up
Round trip

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 RATE PROBLEMS
The fundamental relationship in all motion problems is
that of
Rate x Time = Distance.

If a car travels at an average speed of 70 kilometers per hour

for 4 hours, how many kilometers does it travel?

70 𝑘𝑚
× 4 hrs.
ℎ𝑟
The car travels 280 kilometers in 4 hours.

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RATE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

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RATE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

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RATE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

Answer B

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 RATE PROBLEMS OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS .

1) Motion in opposite directions.

When two objects start at the same time and move in opposite
directions, or when two objects start at points at a given
distance apart and move toward each other until they meet, the
total distance traveled equals the sum of the distances traveled
by each object.

R1t1=d1 d1+d2=D
R2t2=d2 Usually t1=t2

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RATE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

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 RATE PROBLEMS CATCH-UP

2) Catch-up

Two objects leave the same place at different times and

different rates, but one “catches up” to the other.

In such a case, the two distances must be equal.

R1t1=d1 d1=d2
R2t2=d2

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RATE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

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 RATE PROBLEMS ROUND-TRIP

3) Round trip.
 In this type of problem, the rate going is usually different
from the rate returning.
 The times are also different.
 But if you go somewhere and then return to the starting
point, the distances must be the same.

R1t1=d1 d1=d2
R2t2=d2

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RATE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

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 RATE PROBLEMS GENERAL RATES

Generally :
Rate of event =event happened/time consumed

The flow rate of fluid:

Flow rate=volume of fluid passed/time consumed

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 AVERAGE RATE PROBLEMS

1 1
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑1+𝑑2 2
𝑑+ 2
𝑑
Rav= = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡1+𝑡2 𝑡1+𝑡2
1 1
𝑑1 2
𝑑 𝑑2 2
𝑑
t1= = , t2 = =
𝑅1 30 𝑅2 60
1 1
2
𝑑+ 2
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 1 3 60 3 1 3 120
R
av= 1𝑑 1𝑑 = 1 =3 = 3 = 1/ / =1/ x = 1/ = = 40
2 +2 𝑑 2𝑑 2𝑑 2
2 1 2 60 120 4
30 60
+
60 60 60 60

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WORK PROBLEMS
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 WORK PROBLEMS

In most work problems, a complete job is broken into several parts,

each representing a fractional part of the entire job.
1
If someone takes 3 hours to do a job ➔ then he only finishes of
3
the job in 1 hour

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 WORK PROBLEMS

For each fractional part, which represents the portion completed

by one person, one machine, one pipe, etc., the numerator should
represent the time actually spent working, while the denominator
should represent the total time needed to do the entire job alone.
The sum of all the individual fractions should be 1 (complete job)

𝑱𝒐𝒃 𝑱𝒐𝒃 𝑱𝒐𝒃

+ =
𝑯𝒓𝒔 𝑯𝒓𝒔 𝑯𝒓𝒔
If it’s the same job
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =
𝑯𝒓𝒔 𝑯𝒓𝒔 𝑯𝒓𝒔

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WORK PROBLEMS

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 WORK PROBLEMS PRACTICE
If Machine X can produce 1,000 bolts in 4 hours and Machine Y
can produce 1,000 bolts in 5 hours, in how many hours can
Machines X and Y, working together at these constant rates,
produce 1,000 bolts?

2
 Working together, Machines X&Y produce 1,000 bolts in 2
9
hours.
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 WORK PROBLEMS PRACTICE
If Art and Rita can do a job in 4 hours when working together at
their respective constant rates and Art can do the job alone in 6
hours, in how many hours can Rita do the job alone?

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WORK PROBLEMS PRACTICE

Answer B

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WORK PROBLEMS PRACTICE

Answer B

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WORK PROBLEMS PRACTICE

Answer C

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WAGE PROBLEMS
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WAGE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

Answer B

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WAGE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

Answer E

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WAGE PROBLEMS PRACTICE

Answer E

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MIXTURE PROBLEMS
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 MIXTURE PROBLEMS

In mixture problems, substances with different characteristics

are combined, and it is necessary to determine the
characteristics of the resulting mixture.

There are two kinds of mixture problems with which you should
be familiar.

 The first is sometimes referred to as dry mixture, in which dry ingredients of

different values are mixed.
 Also solved by the same method are problems such as those dealing with tickets at
different prices.
 In solving this type of problem, it is best to organize the data in a chart of three
rows and three columns

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MIXTURE PROBLEMS

Quantity Price Total price

20 45 c 20*45 c
X 60 c X*60 c
20+X 50 c Key

(20*45 + X*60 = (20+X)*50

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MIXTURE PROBLEMS

Quantity Price Total price

20 30% 20*30%

X 0% X*0%

20+X 25% Key

(20+X)*25% = 20*30% + X*0%

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 MIXTURE PROBLEMS

Ex: If 6 pounds of nuts that cost $1.20 per pound are mixed
with 2 pounds of nuts that cost $1.60 per pound, what is the
cost per pound of the mixture?

Quantity Price Total price

6 1.20$ 6*1.2

2 1.60$ 2*1.6

8 X Key

8X = 6*1.2 + 2*1.6
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 MIXTURE PROBLEMS

Ex: How many liters of a solution that is 15 percent salt must

be added to 5 liters of a solution that is 8 percent salt so that
the resulting solution is 10 percent salt?

Quantity Percent Salt Salt Quant

X 15% 15%X

5 8% 8%*5

X+5 10% Key

X+5 * 10% = 15%X + 8%*5

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 PROFIT
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 PROFIT

Gross profit is equal to revenues minus expenses or selling

price minus cost.

Ex: A certain appliance costs a merchant $30. At what price

should the merchant sell the appliance in order to make a gross
profit of 50 percent of the cost of the appliance?

Sol:
 If s is the selling price of the appliance, then s – 30 = (0.5)(30), or s = $45.
 The merchant should sell the appliance for $45.

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PROFIT

Answer :

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PROFIT

Answer :

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FIXED & VARIABLE COST
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FIXED & VARIABLE COST

Answer :

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FIXED & VARIABLE COST

Answer :A

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 CONVERSION
PROBLEMS
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CONVERSION PROBLEMS

Some questions on the GMAT involve metric units of measure,

whereas others involve English units of measure.
However, except for units of time, if a question requires conversion
from one unit of measure to another, the relationship between those
units will be given.

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CONVERSION PROBLEMS

Ex: A train travels at a constant rate of 25 meters per second.

How many kilometers does it travel in 5 minutes? (1 kilometer =
1,000 meters)

Sol:
 In 1 minute the train travels (25)(60) = 1,500 meters, so in 5 minutes it
travels 7,500 meters.
 Since 1 kilometer = 1,000 meters, it follows that 7,500 meters equals 7,500
/1,000, or 7.5 kilometers.

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CONVERSION PROBLEMS PRACTICE

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 ASSIGNMENT
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 KAPLAN

Problem Solving:
5,7,9,13,19,22,23,30,38,39,42,44,48

Data Sufficiency:
7,13,28

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