Scribd
Upload
12 views19 pages

Unit 2-EME (MEL-100) Lectures 10

This document outlines the course details for the Mechanical Engineering course "Element of Mechanical Engineering" including the course credits, assessments, outcomes and topics to be covered such as thermodynamic processes, heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation, and heat exchangers. It also provides examples of numerical problems solving for heat transfer coefficients and heat flux involving concepts like Newton's law of cooling, Stefan-Boltzmann law, and absorptivity.

Uploaded by

webseriesnit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views19 pages

Unit 2-EME (MEL-100) Lectures 10

This document outlines the course details for the Mechanical Engineering course "Element of Mechanical Engineering" including the course credits, assessments, outcomes and topics to be covered such as thermodynamic processes, heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation, and heat exchangers. It also provides examples of numerical problems solving for heat transfer coefficients and heat flux involving concepts like Newton's law of cooling, Stefan-Boltzmann law, and absorptivity.

Uploaded by

webseriesnit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Element of Mechanical Engineering

(Code: MEL 100)


B.Tech. (1st Sem) Autumn 2022
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIT Srinagar

Course In-charge
Dr. Noor Zaman Khan
Course Assessment

Credits: 03

• Mid Term - 30,

• Class assessment - 10,

• End Term - 60
Course Outcomes

• CO1: Identify and select materials and manufacturing processes for fabricating
prototypes and engineering products.

• CO2: Explain the significance of thermodynamic processes in energy conversion and


conservation

• CO3: Explain the significance of fluids engineering to energy conversion, and to


diverse fields as aerodynamics, medicine, etc

• CO4: Identify and select various motion and power transmission elements for a
particular application.
UNIT-II

Thermal and Energy Systems

System and Surroundings, Thermodynamic processes, Zeroth, First and


Second law of thermodynamics, Concept of Entropy. Engine Cycles and
Efficiency. Basic idea of internal combustion engines. Heat transfer
through conduction, convection and radiation. Heat exchangers. Energy
conservation and conversion
Heat transfer through Convection
• Convection is called forced convection if the fluid is forced to flow over the
surface by external means such as a fan, pump, or the wind.
• In contrast, convection is called natural (or free) convection if the fluid motion is
caused by buoyancy forces that are induced by density differences due to the
variation of temperature in the fluid.
• The rate of convection heat transfer is observed to be proportional to the
temperature difference, and is conveniently expressed by Newton’s law of cooling
as
Numerical Problem: H4
Numerical Problem: H5
Numerical Problem: H6
• Question: A 2m long, 0.3cm diameter electrical wire extends across a room at 15°C.
Heat is generated in the wire as a result of resistance heating, and the surface
temperature of the wire is measured to be 152°C in steady operation. Also, the voltage
drop and electric current through the wire are measured to be 60 V and 1.5 A,
respectively. Disregarding any heat transfer by radiation, determine the convection
heat transfer coefficient for heat transfer between the outer surface of the wire and the
air in the room.
Numerical Problem: H6
• Question: A 2m long, 0.3cm diameter electrical wire extends across a room at 15°C. Heat is
generated in the wire as a result of resistance heating, and the surface temperature of the wire
is measured to be 152°C in steady operation. Also, the voltage drop and electric current
through the wire are measured to be 60 V and 1.5 A, respectively. Disregarding any heat
transfer by radiation, determine the convection heat transfer coefficient for heat transfer
between the outer surface of the wire and the air in the room.
• Solution: When steady operating conditions are reached, the rate of heat loss from the wire
will equal the rate of heat generation in the wire as a result of resistance heating. That is,

• The surface area of the wire is

• Newton’s law of cooling for convection heat transfer is expressed as


• Disregarding any heat transfer by radiation and thus assuming all the heat loss from the wire to
occur by convection, the convection heat transfer coefficient is determined to be
Heat transfer by Radiation
• Radiation is the energy emitted by matter in the form of electromagnetic waves (or
photons) as a result of the changes in the electronic configurations of the atoms or
molecules.
• Unlike conduction and convection, the transfer of energy by radiation does not require the
presence of an intervening medium.
• In fact, energy transfer by radiation is fastest (at the speed of light) and it suffers no
attenuation in a vacuum.
• In heat transfer studies we are interested in thermal radiation, which is the form of radiation
emitted by bodies because of their temperature.
• Two similar bodies isolated together in a vacuum radiate heat to heat other, but colder body
will receive more heat than the hot body and thus become heated.
• All bodies at a temperature above absolute zero emit thermal radiation.
• Radiation is a volumetric phenomenon, and all solids, liquids, and gases emit, absorb, or
transmit radiation to varying degrees.
Heat transfer by Radiation
• The maximum rate of radiation that can be emitted from a surface at an absolute
temperature is given by the Stefan–Boltzmann law.
• Stefan-Boltzmann law: The law states that the emissive power of a black body is
directly proportional to fourth power of its absolute temperature

• Q = σA𝑇 4
• σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 x 10−8 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾 4
• A = Area 𝑚2
• T = Temperature in Kelvin.
• Q = σA (𝑇14 − 𝑇24 )
Absorptivity, Reflectivity and Transmissivity

Transmissivity
Numerical Problem: H7
Assuming the sun to be a black body emitting radiation having surface temperature of 5914 K.
Calculate the heat flux at the surface of the sun.
Numerical Problem: H8
Problem
Numerical Problem: H9
Problem
Numerical Problem: H9
Problem
Numerical Problem: H9

You might also like