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 English Through Science 2. is a publication of the Editorial Board
of Ediciones Larousse, S.A de C.V.
Chief Editor
Tomás García Cerezo
Editor
Sergio Ávila Figueroa
Adapted by
Camila Martínez Ávila
Iconographic Coordination
Mónica Godinez Silva
Layout, and Iconographic Assistance by
Estudio Creativos
Illustrations by
María de Lourdes Guzmán Muñoz, María del Carmen Guzmán Muñoz,
Félix León Coronel
Photography
© Shutterstock, Inc.
Cover Design by
Ediciones Larousse with the collaboration of Nice Montaño Kunze
Cover Illustration by
© Shutterstock, Inc.
Prepress Coordination
Jesús Salas Pérez

© 2023 Ediciones Larousse, S.A. de C.V.

ISBN 978-607-21-3035-7

© Dinorah Pous
© McGraw-Hill Interamericana Editores, S.A. de C.V.

Renacimiento 180, Colonia San Juan Tlihuaca

Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, C.P. 02400, Ciudad de México

First edition, 2023

Printed in Mexico

All rights reserved under the law.

Reproduction by any known or unknown mechanical or electronic means without the written
permission of the copyright holder is strictly prohibited.
The characteristics of this edition and its content are the property of Ediciones Larousse,
S.A. de C.V. Larousse, and the Larousse logo are registered trademark of Larousse, S.A. 21 Rue
de Montparnasse, 75006 Paris, Cedex 06.

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 Contents
Unit 1 Unit 4
Living Things 4 Reptiles 54
A The needs of living things 6 A What are reptiles? 56
Animals live in all different
B places 10 B Reptiles move and eat 59

C Living things reproduce 14 C Rattlesnakes and crocodiles 63

The life cycles of butterflies Turtles, tortoises, and

D and frogs 18 D chameleons 66

Review 3 70
Review 4 72
Unit 2
Weather 22
A What is the weather? 24 Unit 5
The weather changes Planet Earth 74
B with the seasons 28
Earth’s layers and
A natural resources 76
C Sun and rain 32
B Earth and its plates 80
Review 1 36
Review 2 38 C Natural changes to Earth 84

D Man-made changes to Earth 88

Unit 3
My Healthy Body 40
Unit 6
A Skin covers our bodies 42 A World of Colors and
Bones hold up and protect Movement 92
B my body 45
A Rainbows and colors 94
C Our ribs, lungs, and heart 48
B What is a shadow? 98
D Exercise, food, and rest 51 C Directions and time 102
keep us healthy
Movements of the moon
D and Earth 106

Review 5 109
Review 6 111

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 UNIT

1 Living Things
A The needs of living things
Animals live in all
B different places
C Living things reproduce
The life cycles of butterflies
D and frogs

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 Objectives
You will:
• learn to identify living things.
• identify what living things need and do.
• learn how living things obtain their food from their environment.
• understand that animals and plants live in different places and
that they need food, water, air, sunlight, and shelter in order
to live.
• learn that living things reproduce.
• learn that some animals lay eggs and others have live babies.
• learn that some babies look like their mothers and some don’t.
• learn the life cycle of a butterfly and a frog.

Skills
You will be able to observe, compare, measure, classify, make a
model, communicate, infer, put things in order, predict, investigate,
experiment, and draw conclusions.

Suggestions
• Talk about how living things move, breathe, eat, grow, and
reproduce.
• Identify and observe the living and nonliving things that you see in
and around your school.
• Bring pictures from magazines of living and nonliving things to
observe, compare, and classify. Explain how you classified them.
• Understand that animals live in different places. Learn about how
they have adapted to live in these areas.
• Talk about how you and your siblings resemble your parents.

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 A The needs of living things
Living things need these things in order to live.

sunlight shelter food

water Living things air

Complete the sentences.

1. Living things need .

2. Living things need .

3. Living things need .

4. Living things need .

5. Living things need .

Do you need the same things?

Think about what you need. Discuss with the class.

Unit 1 6

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 Living things need shelter.
Draw a line from the animal to its shelter.

7 Unit 1

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 Living things move in different ways. People and
some animals walk. Birds, bats, and some bugs fly.
Other animals like frogs, rabbits, and some bugs hop.
Sea animals like fish, whales, and dolphins swim.
Look at the pictures and write how the animals
move.

Unit 1 8

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 WORDS TO KNOW
way
Cut out pictures from magazines of
animals that can walk, fly, hop, or swim.
walk

fly

hop

swim

9 Unit 1

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 B Animals live in all different places
Where do animals live?
Animals live in all different places. Some animals live in
the forest, some in the desert, and others in the ocean.
Look at the pictures. Then complete the sentences.

1. Some animals live in the

.

2. Some animals live in the

.

3. Some animals live in the

.

Name the animals. How do they live in these

places? Discuss with the class.
Unit 1 10

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 WORDS TO KNOW
forest tundra
Animals live in hot and cold places. desert
Read the sentences and look at the pictures.
Some animals live in hot places.

Some animals live in cold places.

DID YOU KNOW?

This cold land is
called tundra.

How do animals live in hot and cold places?

Discuss with the class.
11 Unit 1

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 Some animals live on land and others live in water.
Read the sentences and look at the pictures.
Some animals live on land.

Some animals live in water.

Name other animals that live on land or

in water. Discuss with the class.
Unit 1 12

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 Which animals live on land or in water?
Write land or water.

13 Unit 1

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 C Living things reproduce
Read and look at the pictures.
Living things are born. Then they grow and reproduce.
Later on, they die.

(are) born Living things … grow

reproduce
die

Complete the sentences.

1. Living things .

2. Living things .

3. Living things .

4. Living things .
Unit 1 14

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 WORDS TO KNOW
baby
To reproduce, some animals lay eggs.

DID YOU KNOW?

Some animals have live babies.
The plural form People have live babies.
of baby is babies.

Discuss with the class the animals that lay

eggs or have live babies.
15 Unit 1

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 Some babies look like their mothers.
Draw a line from the baby to its mother.

fish
mother

puppy
fish

lion cub
hen

chick
lion

baby dog

Unit 1 16

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 WORDS TO KNOW
puppy dog
Some babies do not look like their lion tadpole
mothers. cub frog
chick caterpillar
Draw a line from each baby hen
animal to its mother. Then color
the pictures.

tadpole

butterfly

caterpillar

frog
17 Unit 1

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 D The life cycles of butterflies and frogs
A butterfly grows in stages. This is the life cycle of a
butterfly.

eggs

caterpillar

DID YOU KNOW? chrysalis

There are roughly between

15,000 to 20,000 kinds butterfly
of butterflies.

Read the sentences and number them in the

correct order.
A caterpillar hatches from an egg.
The butterfly dries its wings and is ready to fly.
The caterpillar grows inside the chrysalis.
The caterpillar eats leaves and grows.
The caterpillar changes to a butterfly inside
the chrysalis.
A butterfly lays its eggs on a leaf.
The butterfly comes out of the chrysalis.
The caterpillar spins a chrysalis around itself.
Which fact do you find the most interesting?
Discuss with the class.
Unit 1 18

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 WORDS TO KNOW
stage spins
Frogs grow in stages. This is the life chrysalis tail
cycle of a frog. hatches worm

tadpole
eggs (with tail)
tadpole (with legs)

frog
(no tail) tadpole tadpole
(with shorter tail) (with arms and legs)

Read the sentences and discuss them.

1. Frogs live near or in water.
2. Frogs eat worms and insects.
3. Frogs lay their eggs in the water.
4. An egg grows into a tadpole.
5. A tadpole swims by wiggling its tail.
6. A tadpole’s tail grows shorter.
7. A tadpole grows into a frog.
Make pairs. Discuss the life cycle of a frog
with a classmate.
19 Unit 1

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 Draw the life cycle of a frog.

Read each sentence and then check ✔ Yes or No.

Yes No
1. Tadpoles are baby frogs.

2. Tadpoles eat fish.

3. Frogs eat worms and insects.

4. Frogs lay their eggs on land.

5. Frogs swim by wiggling their tails.

6. Frogs are born from eggs.

Unit 1 20

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 Look at the butterfly and the frog. In the Alike
area, write how they are alike. In the Butterfly
and Frog areas, write how they are different.
Then discuss how the animals are alike or
different with the class.

Butterfly

Alike

Frog

21 Unit 1

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 UNIT

2 Weather
A What is the weather?
The weather changes
B with the seasons
C Sun and rain

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 Objectives
You will:
• learn what makes the weather.
• learn about different types of weather and the four seasons.
• understand that the weather affects many things, for example,
the clothes that we wear, the activities that we do, the sports that
we play, etc.
• learn that dark colors absorb more heat than light ones.
• learn that the sun is a star and that it gives us light and heat.
• learn what clouds are made of, and the three forms of water.

Skills
You will be able to observe, compare, measure, classify, make a
model, communicate, infer, put things in order, predict, investigate,
experiment, and draw conclusions.

Suggestions
• Go outside to feel how the sun heats Earth.
• Observe how trees change during the different seasons.
• Bring clothing that would be appropriate to wear in the different
seasons and types of weather.
• Watch videos about the weather and see how it affects us and
how we depend on it for our crops, the clothes that we wear, and
the activities that we do.
• Do experiments to understand the three forms of water.

23

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 A What is the weather?
Weather is the movement of air and water in the
atmosphere. If the air around you is hot, you have
hot weather.
Observe this picture of a hot weather place.

If the air around you is cold, you have cold weather.

Observe this picture of a cold weather place.

Unit 2 24

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 WORDS TO KNOW
weather cloudy
If it is sunny, you have a sunny day. movement rainy
If it is cloudy, you have a cloudy day. atmosphere windy
sunny snowy
If it is raining, you have a rainy day.
If it is windy, you have a windy day.
If it is snowing, you have a snowy day.
Read the sentences. Then draw pictures for them.
1. It’s a snowy day.

2. It’s a rainy day.

3. It’s a windy day.

4. It’s a sunny day.

5. It’s a cloudy day.

25 Unit 2

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 What kind of day is it?

snowy sunny cloudy rainy windy

Keep a record of the weather over five days by

drawing the weather symbol for each day.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Draw a picture of the kind of day you like

the most.

I like a day the most.

Unit 2 26

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 WORDS TO KNOW
symbol
Under each picture, write:
It is sunny / cloudy / rainy / windy / snowy.

27 Unit 2

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 B The weather changes with the seasons
The four seasons of the year are spring, summer, fall
(or autumn), and winter. The seasons are not the same
everywhere in the world. Some places have all four
seasons. Other places have only one or two seasons.
Read the sentences and discuss the pictures.
The four seasons and their usual weather are:
spring

The weather is warm in the spring. Flowers blossom

in this season.
summer

The weather is hot in the summer. The days are the

hottest in this season.
Unit 2 28

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 WORDS TO KNOW
season fall
fall year autumn
spring winter
summer blossom

The weather is cool in the fall. Leaves begin to drop

in this season.

winter

The weather is cold in the winter. Some places have

ice and snow.
29 Unit 2

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 We wear different clothes according to the weather
and the season. Light colors reflect light and heat.
This is why many people in hot desert climates wear
white clothes. Dark colors absorb light and change it
to heat, so they are better for cold climates.
Draw a line from the weather picture to the
right kind of clothes to wear. Write under each
picture: It is sunny / rainy / snowy.

Unit 2 30

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 WORDS TO KNOW
wear reflect
Do you wear these clothes in hot or dark absorb
cold weather?
Write hot weather or cold weather.

31 Unit 2

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 C Sun and rain
During summer, the Earth tilts towards the sun. During
winter, the Earth tilts away from the sun.

winter summer
sun

Earth

The sun provides a lot of light and heat during

summer; it is hot. In the winter, the sun provides less
light and heat; it is cold.

Draw a picture of the Draw a picture of the

sun providing a lot sun providing less light
of light and heat in and heat in the winter.
the summer.
Unit 2 32

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 WORDS TO KNOW
tilted shines
The sun gives us day and night. toward half
This is because Earth is always moving. away facing
moving
It never stops.

Earth

Sun Earth

1 year
24 hours

Earth spins around the sun Earth spins around itself

once every year. every 24 hours.

The sun shines on Earth as it spins around itself.

But sunlight shines only on the half of Earth facing
the sun. That half is day. The other half of Earth is dark,
and it is night there.

It is day. It is night.

Discuss with the class why there is day and night.

33 Unit 2

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 Where does rain come from?
Read and look at the picture.

lake

river
Precipitation

ocean

Warm air makes water evaporate into gas or vapor and

move upward into the sky. This is called evaporation.
Then the gas cools and condenses in the sky, turning
into drops of water. This is called condensation. These
drops of water form moisture and make clouds.
When there is too much moisture, drops of water fall as
rain or snow. This is called precipitation.
Sing the song and do the actions.

TRACK 5 Water Cycle (Part 2)

Water travels in a cycle
Yes, it does. Yes, it does
It goes up from evaporation
Then forms clouds from condensation
And falls down as precipitation
Yes, it does. Yes, it does
Unit 2 34

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 WORDS TO KNOW
evaporation moisture
Water can be found in three forms. condensation freezing
It can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. precipitation boil

An ice cube is solid water.

An iceberg is solid water.
Snow is freezing water. It is
a solid.
solid

Water is a liquid.
Rain is a liquid.
Water in a pool is a liquid. liquid

gas
When we boil water, it evaporates
and disappears into the air as gas
or vapor. Gases can also be found
naturally on Earth.

Discuss with the class the three forms of water.

35 Unit 2

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 Review 1
A What do living things need? Fill in the blanks.
Living things need , ,

, , and .

B Draw shelter for each of the animals.

C Write how each animal moves.

D Some animals live in the , some in the

, and others in the .

Unit 1 36

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 E What is the life cycle of living things? Write the
numbers 1 to 4 in the boxes.

F Circle the animals that lay eggs.

G Write the numbers 1 to 4 in the order of the

life cycle of a butterfly.

H Check ✔ Yes or No for each statement. Yes No

1. Tadpoles look like their mother.
2. Frogs lay their eggs in the water.
3. Tadpoles hatch from eggs.
4. Tadpoles are baby frogs.
5. Frogs swim by wiggling their tails.
I Draw the three main life stages of a frog.

37 Unit 1

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 Review 2
A What is the weather? Fill in the blanks.
Weather is the movement of and
in the atmosphere.
B Circle the correct answer.
1. If the air is cold / hot / dry, you have hot weather.

2. If the air is cold /hot

hot / dry, you have cold weather.

C Write if it is sunny, windy, rainy, or snowy.

D Write the name of each season.

Unit 2 38

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 E Write True or False for each statement.
1. When the air is cold, we feel hot.
2. A tree gives us shade.
3. Weather affects what we wear.
4. We wear a jacket when it is hot.
5. Dark colors take in more heat
than light colors.

F Complete the sentences.

1. The sun is a star. It gives us light and .
2. The sun gives us day and .

G Where does rain come from? Draw a picture

showing how rain is formed.

H What are the three forms of water? Write them

and give an example of each form.
1.
2.
3.
39 Unit 2

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 UNIT

3 My Healthy Body
A Skin covers our bodies
Bones hold up and protect
B my body
C Our ribs, lungs, and heart
Exercise, food, and rest
D keep us healthy

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 Objectives
You will:
• learn that skin covers our bodies.
• learn that we feel through our skin.
• understand that our skin holds our bodies together and protects
the inside of our bodies.
• learn that muscles and bones are under our skin, and that certain
bones protect certain organs in our bodies.
• be able to identify different organs and know where they are
located.
• learn simple functions of the lungs, brain, and heart.
• understand that we need exercise, food, and rest to have a
healthy body.
• learn that we need to keep our bodies clean to be healthy.

Skills
You will be able to observe, compare, measure, classify, make a
model, communicate, infer, put things in order, predict, investigate,
experiment, and draw conclusions.

Suggestions
• Do experiments to understand that we feel through our skin no
matter what or where something touches us.
• Talk about your skin. Explain that it grows with you as you grow
up and that it is able to stretch no matter how big you get.
• Discuss that each person has a unique skin color.
• Act out what we would be like without a skeleton to hold us
together.
• Test the strength of bones and learn why our bones are hollow.
• Watch a video about the circulatory and respiratory system to
understand the functions of the heart and lungs.
• Start a campaign of keeping our bodies clean, washing hands,
brushing teeth, etc.
41

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 A Skin covers our bodies
Read the sentences and look at the pictures.
Skin covers my body. I feel things with my skin.

I feel cold things. I feel hot things.

I feel rough things. I feel smooth things.

Color the skin on the boy and girl.

Unit 3 42

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 WORDS TO KNOW
covers stomach
Skin protects the inside of my body. I have organ lungs
organs, bones, and muscles in my body. bone heart
muscle intestines
Look at the picture and read the words.

bones
muscles

heart

lungs
stomach

intestines

DID YOU KNOW? skin

Your skin is a living

organ that can renew
itself every six weeks.

Make pairs. Point to the general location of your

heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines in your
body. Then discuss with the class.
43 Unit 3

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 WORDS TO KNOW
flexible giraffe
Skin protects my muscles. skeleton

DID YOU KNOW?

Humans and giraffes
have the same
number of bones in
their neck. Giraffe
bones are just longer.

Read and copy the sentences.

1. Muscles are flexible tissues in your body that
help you move.

2. My muscles work all the time.

3. My muscles help me to smile, run, jump, play,

and work.

4. Skin protects my bones.

5. Bones make up my skeleton.

6. I have big bones and small bones.

Unit 3 44

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 B Bones hold up and protect my body
Bones hold up my body.
Point and name the parts of the body that the
bones support.

femur
DID YOU KNOW?
Your body has 206 bones.
The longest bone in your
body is the femur.

Bones grow and change during our lifetime.

Observe the pictures. Then discuss them with
the class.

45 Unit 3

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 WORDS TO KNOW
femur lifetime
Muscles and joints help me to move
my bones and exercise my body.
A joint is the place where two bones are joined.
Circle the joints on the skeleton.

DID YOU KNOW?

Our hands have
the most bones
in our bodies.

We need to exercise to stay healthy.

Which of the sports or activities do you like

to do? Discuss with the class.
Unit 3 46

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 WORDS TO KNOW
skull think
Read the sentences and look at the brain message
pictures.
I have bones in my head. These bones
make up my skull.

skull

DID YOU KNOW?

Your skull is made
up of twenty-two
bones.

Touch your head. Can you feel your skull?

How does it feel? Discuss with the class.
My skull protects my brain. My brain is very important.
I think with my brain. It sends messages to my
muscles so that I can move.

brain

DID YOU KNOW?

Your brain is about
80% water.

47 Unit 3

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 C Our ribs, lungs, and heart
Ribs protect my lungs.
Read the sentences.
I have bones in my chest. These bones are called ribs.
When I inhale, my lungs get bigger. When I exhale, my
lungs get smaller.
Color the lungs pink.

lungs

ribs

DID YOU KNOW?

Your lungs are the
largest organ in your body.
Your left lung is smaller
than your right lung.
This is because some of the
space on the left is taken
up by the heart.

Can you feel your ribs? How do they feel?

Discuss with the class.
Unit 3 48

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 WORDS TO KNOW
ribs pump
What does the heart do? inhale blood
Read the sentences. exhale expands
bigger contracts
Ribs protect my heart. My heart is a strong smaller heartbeat
muscle that expands and contracts in
order to pump blood to every part of the body. It is
close to the center of the chest, but placed a little
to the left. The heart never stops pumping blood to
the body.Your heart slows down when you rest or are
asleep. And it beats very quickly when you run or do
exercise. This is called your heartbeat.
Color the heart red.

DID YOU KNOW?

It takes your heart
about ten seconds
to pump blood from
your heart to your
big toe and back.
Your heart beats
about 100,000
times a day.

heart

Which fact about the heart do you find the

most interesting? Discuss with the class.
49 Unit 3

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 WORDS TO KNOW
stethoscope
The Heartbeat Experiment
Learn how the heart pumps blood and listen to your
heartbeat.
Materials
stethoscope

rubbing alcohol

cotton balls

Get hands on!

1. To find out what your
heartbeat sounds like, clasp your hands
together tightly and then loosen your
grip. Tighten them and then loosen
them again. Bring them close to one
ear to hear the air being squeezed in
and out like the sound of your heart
pumping blood.
2. Try feeling your pulse from your heartbeat in your neck when
sitting down. Then jump or run on the spot for one minute. Now feel
your heartbeat or pulse change. Does your heart beat faster or
slower after some exercise?
3. Make pairs. Take turns using a stethoscope to listen to your own
heartbeat and then your classmate’s. The teacher will wipe the
ear piece with rubbing alcohol after you use it. Ask your classmate
what he/she can hear. The first sound is heard when the heart
contracts, squeezing blood out, while the second sound is heard
when the heart expands and relaxes.
4. Count how many times you hear your heart beat in thirty seconds.
Then double this number to find out how many times your heart
beats in a minute. Write this number down.

Results
My heart beats times a minute.

Discuss the results with the class.

Unit 3 50

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 D Exercise, food, and rest keep us healthy
Look at the pictures and read the sentences.

I exercise my body.

I eat healthy food.

I rest at night.

51 Unit 3

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 We need to keep our bodies clean to be healthy.

I take a bath or I keep my hair and

shower everyday. fingernails clean.

I wash my hands I wash my hands after

before eating. going to the bathroom.

Sometimes if we don’t do these

healthy activities, we can get
sick. How do we know we are sick?
What happens to our body
temperature when we are sick?

Discuss with the class what it feels like to be

sick and what you do to feel better.
Unit 3 52

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 We take a shower to clean our bodies.
Do the chant and the actions.

TRACK 6 This Is the Way

This is the way I wash my face
This is the way I wash my face
When I’m in the shower

This is the way I wash my neck

This is the way I wash my neck
When I’m in the shower

This is the way I wash my arms

This is the way I wash my arms
When I’m in the shower

This is the way I wash my hands

This is the way I wash my hands
When I’m in the shower

This is the way I wash my feet

This is the way I wash my feet
When I’m in the shower

This is the way I wash my body

This is the way I wash my body
When I’m in the shower

Do the chant again with different parts of the

body, such as the legs and toes.
53 Unit 3

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 UNIT

4 Reptiles
A What are reptiles?
B Reptiles move and eat
C Rattlesnakes and crocodiles
D Turtles, tortoises, and chameleons

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 Objectives

You will:
• be able to identify reptiles.
• learn the main characteristics of reptiles.
• learn that most reptiles live in hot, dry places.
• learn what reptiles eat.
• learn that snakes slither to move along the ground.
• learn some interesting facts about different reptiles, such as
attlesnakes, crocodiles, turtles, tortoises, and chameleons.
• learn that some reptiles are poisonous.

Skills
You will be able to observe, compare, measure, classify, make a
model, communicate, infer, put things in order, predict, investigate,
experiment, and draw conclusions.

Suggestions
• Keep a small turtle or lizard in a terrarium in your classroom.
Observe it regularly.
• Go to a zoo to observe snakes and other reptiles. Under
supervision, touch the reptiles’ skin and observe its texture.
• Talk about certain reptiles and understand their different
characteristics.
• Look at a photo of an item made of snakeskin. Talk about why
snakes are hunted and why they should be protected.
• Watch a video of different types of animals and identify how they
are moving.
• Bring pictures of different reptiles and identify them by their
characteristics.
• Work in groups to research additional information on crocodiles.
• Do an experiment about how animals like chameleons
camouflage themselves.

55

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 A What are reptiles?
Reptiles are a class of animals that have the
characteristics of scales or plates, and lungs.
They also move on their belly or feet, and lay eggs.
The following images show some reptiles.

turtle

crocodile iguana
Reptiles

lizard snake
chameleon

Reptiles are also cold-blooded creatures. This means

that their body temperature changes according
to the temperature around them. Reptiles live in warm
places. If the weather is very hot during the day,
they rest. Reptiles are active at night when it is cool.
Most reptiles lay eggs, but some have live babies.
Discuss the characteristics of reptiles.

Unit 4 56

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 WORDS TO KNOW
turtle creature
Reptiles have a backbone. iguana temperature
A backbone is a column of bones snake active
that runs along the spine of the reptile. chameleon live
lizard backbone
crocodile waterproof
backbone
cold-blooded

Find and color the backbone on each reptile.

Then identify and write their names.

1. 2.
All animals have skin. Most reptiles have a dry, thick,
waterproof skin. Reptiles have scales on their skin.
Other animals have fur, and some have feathers.

waterproof skin scales

fur feathers
57 Unit 4

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 Draw a line from each reptile to the correct
sentence.

Snakes have scales.

Crocodiles are
cold-blooded creatures.

Lizards live
in warm places.

Turtles lay eggs.

Iguanas have thick,

dry skin.

Chameleons have
a very long tongue.

Unit 4 58

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 B Reptiles move and eat
Some reptiles have legs and other reptiles do not.
Identify each group of reptiles. Check ✔ the
correct box. Then name each reptile.
legs no legs

legs no legs

59 Unit 4

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 WORDS TO KNOW
slither
Reptiles walk, swim, and slither.
Read and copy each sentence.

1. Crocodiles walk and also swim.

2. Snakes slither and some also swim.

3. Turtles walk and some also swim.

4. Lizards, iguanas, and chameleons walk, but do not swim.

Unit 4 60

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 What do reptiles eat?
Read and look at the pictures.
Most chameleons eat insects.
Big ones eat small birds and lizards.
Chameleons are carnivores, which
means they eat meat.

Snakes are carnivores. They eat

insects, birds, small animals, and
other reptiles. Some eat live mice.

Most turtles eat small animals, but some

turtles eat only plants. Some turtles are
carnivores and others are herbivores.
A herbivore is an animal that eats only plants.
Other turtles are omnivores, which means
that they eat both animals and plants.

Crocodiles eat birds and

other small and large animals.
They are carnivores.

Write carnivores or herbivores to complete the

sentences.
1. Some snakes eat live mice.They are .
2. Some turtles eat only plants.They are .
3. Most chameleons eat insects.They are .
4. Crocodiles eat birds and other animals. They are
.
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 WORDS TO KNOW
carnivore omnivore
Read and look at the pictures. herbivore
Snakes are reptiles. They are
cold-blooded creatures. Snakes slither along
the ground.
They have skin with scales on their body. Snakes grow
a new skin many times in their life cycle. They also
sleep with their eyes open.

Complete the sentences.

1. Snakes have on their body.

2. Snakes along the ground.

3. Snakes a new skin many

times in their life cycle.

4. Snakes sleep with their open.

Unit 4 62

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 C Rattlesnakes and crocodiles
Read and look at the pictures.
Rattlesnakes are reptiles that
live in hot, dry places. They have
scales and are cold-blooded.
Rattlesnakes slither along the
ground. They can be dangerous
and are poisonous. Rattlesnakes
have a rattle at the end of their
body that they shake when rattle
they feel in danger or need to
scare away an enemy.
They sleep with their eyes open.

Read each statement and write Yes or No.

1. Rattlesnakes live in cold places.
2. Rattlesnakes can be poisonous.
3. Rattlesnakes have feathers.
4. Rattlesnakes close their eyes when
they sleep.
5. Rattlesnakes shake their rattles to scare
away an enemy.

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 WORDS TO KNOW

Rattlesnakes rattlesnake enemy

rattle shake
grow a new poisonous
skin up to three
times a year. Each time it has a
new skin, a new rattle appears.
Rattles wear out or break off
as the snake gets older.

The rattle is used to warn an

enemy not to get closer. If the
rattlesnake feels that it is in real
danger, it may bite its enemy with
its fangs (teeth) through which
poison is injected into the victim.

Other animals that are poisonous:

black widow
spiders some frogs
scorpions

What should you do if you see a poisonous animal?

✔ Do not touch it.
✔ Move away from it quickly.
✔ Tell an adult. If it bites you, go to a doctor
immediately.
Unit 4 64

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 Read and point to the location of the crocodile’s
body parts.

Crocodiles live in lakes and rivers. Their eyes and

nose are on the top of their head in order to see and
breathe when in the water.
Crocodiles are very strong, have scaly skin, sharp
claws, and powerful jaws. They have lots of teeth,
which they use for grasping and tearing their food.
During spring, crocodiles lay their eggs. After
hatching, mother crocodiles transport their babies in
their mouth.

Complete the sentences.

1. Crocodiles have scaly
.

2. They lay their

in the spring.

3. They carry their

in their mouth.

4. Crocodiles have lots of

which they use for grasping and
tearing their food.
65 Unit 4

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 D Turtles, tortoises, and chameleons
Turtles and tortoises are reptiles. Turtles live mostly
in the water, while tortoises live on land. They are
cold-blooded. Both have a body that is covered by
a hard shell called a carapace. The carapace of the
tortoise is higher and more like a dome. The turtle’s
carapace is flatter to help it swim better. The undershell
of both a turtle and a tortoise is called a plastron.
Look at the photos. Then discuss the different
characteristics of a turtle and a tortoise.
carapace

plastron

Most turtles and tortoises have heads that are

covered by hard scales. They do not have teeth.
Both have a beak-like mouth, which they use to tear
food and capture prey.
Tortoises have short thick legs and feet and are slow
walkers. Turtles have flippers instead of feet to help
them swim. They are fast swimmers.
Unit 4 66

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 WORDS TO KNOW

Some species of turtles and tortoises tortoise beak

carapace prey
eat both plants and animals. They
dome flipper
are omnivores. Others eat only plants undershell species
(herbivores) and some eat only plastron endangered
meat (carnivores).

On the beach, sea turtles dig a hole

and lay hundreds of eggs before
covering them up and leaving. The baby
turtles hatch and find their way to the
sea. Tortoises dig a hole, lay one to thirty
eggs, cover them up, and also leave.
What are the similarities and differences
between turtles and tortoises? Fill in the chart.
number
feet carapace teeth habitat
of eggs

Turtle

Tortoise

Many species of turtles and tortoises are

endangered. Look up information to find out why.
Then discuss with the class.
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 There are many different species of chameleons.
But all chameleons have the same type of feet, eyes,
and long tongue. Each front foot has two toes, and
the back foot has three toes. Their sharp claws at the
end of the toes help it to climb trees and hold tightly
to branches.
A chameleon’s eyes are its most unique feature.
It can see very well with only a small hole for the pupil
to see through. It can move its eyes up and down
and to the side separately to observe two different
objects at the same time.

DID YOU KNOW?

Some chameleons
lay eggs, and others
have live babies.

Unit 4 68

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 WORDS TO KNOW

A chameleon has a very long tongue, unique swallow

pupil camouflage
which can extend rapidly out of its extend
mouth, stick its tongue tip to the prey,
and take the prey back into its mouth.
The chameleon’s strong jaws crush and then swallow
its prey. Most chameleons eat insects, but some
bigger ones also eat small birds and lizards.

DID YOU KNOW?

A chameleon has
a tongue several
centimeters longer
than its body.

Some chameleons are able

to change the color of their
skin to different colors. But not
all chameleons can change
their skin color.

Some chameleons change

their color to blend in with their
surroundings in order to protect
themselves from enemies. This is
called camouflage.

Cut out pictures of chameleons from magazines.

Discuss their characteristics with the class.

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 Review 3
A Label these organs, bones, and muscles in
the body.

B Write True or False for each statement.

1. Skin covers our head only.
2. We feel with our skin.
3. My bones help me to breathe.
4. Skin protects the muscles.
5. My ribs protect my stomach.
6. My heart is a muscle.
7. My brain sends messages to my
muscles so that I can move.
8. My heart pumps blood to my
whole body.
Unit 3 70

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 C Draw a line from each part of the skeleton to its
body part.

D Complete the sentences. Use the words on the

right.
brain
1. Muscles and joints help me to .
ribs
2. covers my body.
skin
3. The bones in my head form my .
4. My lungs help me to . feel
5. My ribs protect my and skull
.
6. I things with my skin. heart

7. My skull protects my . move

8. The bones in my chest are called lungs
.
breathe
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 Review 4
A Draw a circle around the animals that are
reptiles. Draw an X on the animal that slithers.
Check ✔ the boxes of the crocodile and
chameleon.

B Circle True or False for each statement.

1. Reptiles have a backbone. True False
2. Rattlesnakes are warm-blooded creatures. True False
3. Reptiles have fur. True False
4. Crocodiles walk and also swim. True False
5. Lizards are reptiles. True False
6. Iguanas can fly. True False
7. Crocodiles are very strong and powerful. True False
8. Snakes sleep with their eyes open. True False

Unit 4 72

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 C Complete the sentences. Use the words on the right.
1. Crocodiles live in lakes and .
toes
2. Crocodiles have sharp and
powerful . camouflage

3. Chameleons have two or three eyes

on each foot.
claws
4. Chameleons can move their
rivers
up and down and to the side separately to
observe two different objects at the same time. jaws
5. Some chameleons change color to protect
themselves from enemies. This is called .
D Draw a turtle and a tortoise in their natural habitats.

Turtle Tortoise

E What are some similarities and differences

between turtles and tortoises?

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 UNIT

5 Planet Earth
A Earth’s layers and natural resources
B Earth and its plates
C Natural changes to Earth
D Man-made changes to Earth

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 Objectives
You will:
• learn that we live on a planet called Earth.
• learn that Earth is made up of layers: the crust, mantle, outer
core, and inner core.
• learn what each layer of Earth consists of.
• learn that the outer crust is where we live and that it is made up
of soil and rocks.
• learn that natural resources are all the things that our planet has.
• be able to identify different rocks and their uses.
• learn that Earth has seven big plates that move constantly.
• understand that the movement of the plates causes earthquakes,
tsunamis, and volcanoes.
• learn that moving water changes Earth’s surface.
• learn how humans change Earth’s surface.

Skills
You will be able to observe, compare, measure, classify, make a
model, communicate, infer, put things in order, predict, investigate,
experiment, and draw conclusions.

Suggestions
• Use an apple and a hard-boiled egg to understand what Earth’s
layers look like.
• Discuss natural resources used in your community and how you
can help to protect the water, air, and soil.
• Make a model with an empty soda bottle showing how
waves move.
• Watch an experiment that simulates how volcanoes erupt.
Then watch videos showing live volcanoes erupting.
• Talk about the volcanoes that are located in your area or region.
• Learn to reduce, reuse, and recycle different material.
• Sort items to be recycled into four different groups.

75

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 A Earth’s layers and natural resources
Read and look at the picture.
Planet Earth looks different on the inside. It has four
main layers.
crust

mantle

outer
core

DID YOU KNOW? inner

If Earth were the size core
of an apple, its crust
would be as thin as
the apple’s skin.
Crust: This is the thinnest layer of
Earth. It is made up of rock and soil.

Mantle: This layer is very hot. It is made up of solid

and melted rock that moves slowly around the
inner core.

Outer core: This layer is extremely hot and moves

around the inner core. It is made up of liquid rock
and metals.

Inner core: This is the hottest layer of Earth. It is a

very large, hot ball of solid metals like iron.

Discuss the different layers of Earth with the class.

Unit 5 76

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 WORDS TO KNOW
crust layer
The crust is the outside layer of Earth. mantle metal
outer core petroleum
inner core
1. The crust is the part that
you can see, touch, and
walk on. It is where people,
plants, and animals live.

2. It is where your house, city,

and country are located.

3. It is where the oceans,

rivers, and lakes are found.

4. It is where mountains,
jungles, deserts, and
forests are located.

5. It is where all of our natural

resources are found.
These are some of our
natural resources:

rocks forest petroleum water

and land and fish

Can you name some other natural resources?

Discuss with the class.
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 Natural resources are all the things around us that
our planet has.
Read and look at the pictures.
Types of rocks:

coal stone limestone

clay metal copper

Coal: Coal is used for cooking and

heating.
Stone: Stone is used for building houses,
walls, chimneys, fences, and roads.
Limestone: Limestone is used with sand
and melted together to form glass.
Clay: Clay is used to make pottery
and dishes.
Metal: Metal is used to make steel
building structures. Some metals like
aluminum are used in building large
machines and small things like tin cans.
Copper: Copper is a metal used to
make wire, coins, bowls, and jewelry.
Unit 5 78

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 WORDS TO KNOW
natural resource aluminum
Petroleum: It is a dark liquid made coal copper
from living things that died and were stone wire
buried in the mud and sand millions limestone mud
of years ago. clay million
heating oil
petroleum sand lumber
pottery furniture
steel

Petroleum is used as gasoline and oil

for cars and machines. It is also used
to make plastic for many things, such
as toys, dishes, and clothes.

Soil: It is one of Earth’s most important

resources. Much of the food we eat
comes from plants that grow in soil.
Also, wild animals live on the soil and
provide us with food. Trees grow in
soil and are cut to make lumber for
houses, furniture, and other products.

Water: It is needed for all living things

to live. Many different species of
animals live in or near water. People
depend on marine animals for food.
We eat seafood like fish, shrimp, crab,
and lobster. Water is one of the most
precious resources that Earth has.

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 B Earth and its plates
Read and look at the pictures.
1. Earth’s crust is divided into seven
big plates and many small ones.
2. Plates are made from a
small part of the crust and
the mantle.
3. Each plate is curved to fit
around Earth.
4. These plates are always
moving slowly on top of the
melted rock of the mantle.
Earth’s plates can sometimes:

bump together move on top of another

move away from each other slide against each other

Make pairs. Discuss the different ways Earth’s

plates can move.
Unit 5 80

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 WORDS TO KNOW
plate against
Earthquake curved earthquake
Read and look at the pictures. bump damage
top destroyed
When two plates
bump together
or move on top
of another, the DID YOU KNOW?
ground moves
Experts can now predict
and slides and where earthquakes
an earthquake might happen, but can’t
occurs. tell when.

Earthquakes may last for only a few

seconds, but they can cause great
damage in a short time. People
and animals can die, and buildings
and cities can be destroyed.

Draw a line from each picture to the correct

plate description.
Earth’s plates can:

slide against move away move on top bump

each other from each of another together
other
81 Unit 5

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 Tsunami
Earthquakes can occur in the
ocean, just like on land. Underwater
earthquakes can cause a huge wave
called a tsunami.
A tsunami can flood many areas,
destroy houses and buildings,
and take the lives of many
people and animals.
Some people say that animals
can sense when a tsunami is about
to happen. For example, a few minutes before
a tsunami hit Thailand and other Asian
countries in 2004, many animals acted very
strangely, as if they were able to feel that some
kind of danger was coming.
Flamingos flew away from the beach area where they
were nesting. Elephants made loud trumpeting sounds.
Animals in the zoo acted very strangely, too. People
saw this strange animal behavior and began running
from the beach areas to higher places. How did the
animals seem to know that something was going
to happen?
Animals have strong senses and probably
felt temperature changes, the vibrations of
Earth, or uncommon sounds, which made
them run to safer places and communicate
danger signals to people and other animals.
Do you believe that animals can sense danger?
Discuss with the class.
Unit 5 82

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 WORDS TO KNOW
tsunami magma
Volcano cause smoke
When plates move, pressure from the volcano lava
magma (melted rock) below Earth’s
surface causes cracks or holes to appear in the crust.
The magma and gases push from inside the inner
and outer cores, then shoot out, forming a volcano.
Magma that flows out of a volcano is called lava.
Smoke, gases, and lava from a volcano can destroy
houses, cities, and forests, and take people’s lives.

DID YOU KNOW?

On average, fifty to
seventy volcanoes
erupt each year
around the world.

Are there any active volcanoes in your country?

Discuss with the class.
83 Unit 5

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 C Natural changes to Earth
Fire
Fires can happen from natural causes such as lightning.
They can burn and destroy some of our most important
natural resources like trees and vegetation, and can
cause death to people and animals.
Look at the pictures. What is happening? Discuss
with the class.

Forests are one of our most important natural

resources. Trees are cut into lumber and then wood,
which is used to build houses, furniture, and boats,
and to make paper and paper products.

Can you think of other things that are made

from trees? Discuss with the class.
Unit 5 84

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 Wind
Moving winds change Earth’s surface. Wind blows soil
and sand to new places.
Look at the pictures.
Before

After

What happened? How did things change?

Discuss with the class.
85 Unit 5

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 Water
Moving water changes Earth’s surface. Water moves
soil, sand, and rocks to new places.
Look at the pictures.

Before

After

What happened? How did things change?

Discuss with the class.
Unit 5 86

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 Wind Experiment
How does wind move soil and sand?
Do a mini experiment to find out.

Get hands on!

1. Make pairs.
2. Place a tray with soil and sand in front
of you. Put newspaper under the tray.
3. Then blow into the tray. Take turns.

Results

What happens? Discuss with your classmate.

Water Experiment
How does water move soil and sand?
Do a mini experiment to find out.

Get hands on!

1. Make pairs.
2. Use the same tray of soil and sand
from the Wind Experiment above.
3. Fill a glass with water.
4. Pour the water slowly on the tray of
soil and sand. Take turns.

Results

What happens? Discuss with your classmate.

Then discuss your results from the two experiments
with the class.
87 Unit 5

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 D Man-made changes to Earth
How do humans change Earth’s surface?
Look at the pictures. What are the people doing?

What happens when a habitat where animals live

is destroyed? What could happen to the animals?

What could happen if we have no place for trees or

animals to live? What can we do to protect them?
Discuss with the class.
Unit 5 88

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 WORDS TO KNOW
pollute poison
Taking care of our planet garbage endanger
Taking care of our water, air, and land substance
is something very important that each
of us must do every day.
Don’t waste water. We can take quick showers and
turn off the tap when brushing our teeth. What else
can we do?
We should also not pollute our water, air, or land with
garbage or other substances. These can poison our
planet and make people and animals sick. Water
pollution can endanger the lives of plants and fish
and the animals that drink the water or swim in it.

Many people are working to protect Earth and its

natural resources for a better future.
Can we help to clean up our planet? Discuss
ways to do it.
89 Unit 5

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 Which recycling bin do you throw each group of
items in?
Draw a line from the items to the correct
recycling bin.

aluminum

paper

glass
Unit 5 90

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 WORDS TO KNOW
bin reuse
Sing the song and do the actions. reduce recycle

TRACK 7
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Now is the time to choose
There must be no excuse
It’s up to each one of us to do our part
To make Earth clean, it’s true
So let’s get together
Yes, me and you
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Reduce, reuse, recycle

Draw pictures of what you can do at school

and at home to help reduce, reuse, or recycle
materials. Write about it under your pictures.
Discuss with the class.

School Home

91 Unit 5

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 UNIT
A World of Colors
6 and Movement
A Rainbows and colors
B What is a shadow?
C Directions and time
Movements of the
D moon and Earth

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 Objectives
You will:
• learn to identify the primary colors and mix them to obtain new colors.
• learn the colors of the rainbow, and that a rainbow is made by the sun
and drops of water.
• learn that a shadow is made when a path of light is blocked.
• understand that the phases of the moon are caused by the sun’s light
changing on the moon’s surface.
• learn how to obtain the four cardinal points (north, south, east, and west)
by reading a compass rose.
• learn that a day is made up of twenty-four hours: twelve hours of day and
twelve hours of night.
• learn that a year is made up of twelve months and that each month has
thirty or thirty-one days, except for February.
• understand that Earth rotates on its axis and orbits around the sun.
• understand that the moon travels around Earth, always showing its same side.

Skills
You will be able to observe, compare, measure, classify, make a model,
communicate, infer, put things in order, predict, investigate, experiment, and
draw conclusions.

Suggestions
• Make a rainbow appear by using a glass of water and sunlight.
• Experiment with mixing primary colors and see what other colors can
be made.
• Play with shadows in the classroom using a lamp and a wall. Go outside
the classroom and make shadows using the sun and parts of your body.
• Make a sundial.
• Make a human model of the sun, Earth, and moon.
• Practice how to read the four cardinal points on a compass rose.
• Point out north, south, east, and west both inside and outside
your classroom.

93

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 A Rainbows and colors
How does a rainbow form?
Read and look at the picture.
When sunlight moves through drops of water or mist
in the air, the light is separated into the colors of the
rainbow. These colors are red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo, and violet. A rainbow can then be seen
in the sky.

red

orange

yellow

green

blue

indigo

violet

Have you ever seen a rainbow? Where did you

see it? Discuss with the class.
Unit 6 94

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 WORDS TO KNOW
rainbow separated
Making a Rainbow Experiment mist
Can you make a rainbow with a mirror
and a glass?

Materials
small mirrors
clear plastic glasses

Get hands on!

1. Make a group of three students.
2. Get a mirror and a glass of water, and place the mirror in the glass.
3. Next, place the glass in a window in direct sunlight.
4. The mirror should reflect a rainbow on a wall.
5. Draw and color the rainbow that you see on a piece of paper.

Results
1. How many colors are there in a rainbow?

2. What colors do you see?

3. Do all rainbows have the same colors?

Discuss your results with the class.

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 Mixing Colors Experiment
Can you make the colors of the rainbow?
Materials Observe this color
red, yellow and blue paint wheel carefully.
empty yogurt containers
paintbrushes
plastic plates

Get hands on!

1. Pour a tablespoon of each of the paints in yellow, red, and blue in
separate yogurt containers. These colors are called primary colors.
2. Dip a paintbrush into the yellow paint and put a dab of it on a
plastic plate.
3. Wash your paintbrush and then dip it into the red paint. Put a dab
of the red paint into the yellow paint on the plate.
4. Mix both the yellow and red paints and see what color it makes.
5. Wash your paintbrush each time. Keep experimenting with the
primary colors to see how many of the colors in the color wheel you
can make. Try mixing blue and yellow paints, and then blue and red
paints. Can you make all the colors of the rainbow?

Results

Write your answers.

1. red + yellow =
2. blue + yellow =
3. blue + red =

Discuss your results with the class.

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 WORDS TO KNOW
primary colors
Fill in the blanks. container
By mixing the primary colors, I found that:
1. + = purple
2. + = green
3. + = orange

Color the rainbow.

Paint can be harmful,

so never put it in your mouth!

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 B What is a shadow?
Read and look at the pictures.
A shadow is made when a path of light is blocked by
something that doesn’t let the light pass through.

Try this activity to learn more about shadows.

Go outside on a sunny day. See if you can make
your shadow. Try waving, jumping, or stepping on
it. Then make pairs and play a game of chasing
your partner’s shadow. Next, get together with more
classmates to make group shadows.
Some things make bigger shadows than others.The size
of any shadow depends on two things:
1. The time of day and the light
2. The size of the object

Things that are small Things that are big

have small shadows. have big shadows.

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 WORDS TO KNOW
shadow sundial
Make a Sundial Experiment blocked clock
The very first clocks that were made pass
told the time with the sun and the
shadows that it made.
Make your own sundial and keep track of the time
and shadows made by the sun.
Materials
empty spools pencils
cardboard modeling clay

Get hands on!

1. Glue or tape an empty spool to the center

of a piece of cardboard.
2. Stand a pencil in the hole of the
spool. You can support the pencil
with a small ball of clay dropped
into the hole.
3. Place your spool outside in an area
that will have sun all day.
4. Mark the place on the cardboard
where the pencil’s shadow falls and
write the time.
0
1:0
5. Then every hour, go outside to mark 0
2:0
where the shadow is and write
0
1:0
down the time.
6. The end of the day, bring in your
sundial and observe the marks.

Results

What kind of pattern did the marks make?

Discuss your results with the class.

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 Earth’s shadow: Phases of the moon
Read and look at the pictures.
If the sun is shining directly on Earth, then Earth’s
shadow will fall on the moon, making it look like all or
part of the moon has disappeared.

sun
moon
Earth

Try this activity. Use a globe, a ball, and a flashlight to

show how Earth’s shadow falls on the moon. Place the
moon (ball) behind Earth (globe), and shine the sun
(flashlight) on Earth.
The moon travels around Earth every twenty-seven
days. While it moves, the amount of light from the sun
changes and the moon looks different at times.
Observe the many ways the moon looks at night.
These are called the phases of the moon.

new full
moon moon crescent
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 WORDS TO KNOW
disappeared phase
Keeping a record of the phases globe calendar
of the moon flashlight month
A calendar is used to show us the
days, weeks, and months of the year. It helps
us keep track of time.
Write the name of today’s month in the
first box.
Have your mom or dad help you at night to look
at the moon at least once a week on a Saturday
night for four to five weeks. Draw how the moon
looks every Saturday night in the boxes.

month

Saturday - Week 1 Saturday - Week 2

Saturday - Week 3 Saturday - Week 4 Saturday - Week 5

(if needed)

After four to five weeks, you recorded how the

moon looked while it moved around Earth one
time. Compare your drawings to the phases
of the moon on page 126. Discuss your results
with the class.
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 C Directions and time
Read and look at the pictures.
Do you know the directions – north, south, east, and
west? How do you find them?
In the morning, go outside or look out the window,
and then stand in the direction that the sun rises.
This direction is east. Turn your body to face east. Then
hold your right arm straight out and with your index
finger point to the south. Then hold out your left arm
and point to the north. Once you have these three
directions, west is behind you.
These are called the four cardinal points: north, south,
east, and west. You can see them on all maps. They
are used with the symbol called the compass rose for
reference by people around the world.
compass North
rose

West East

South

Day begins when the sun rises in the east. Night

begins when the sun sets in the west.
west east

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 WORDS TO KNOW
north sets
North, South, East, and West south cardinal points
east map
Draw a general map of your school. west compass rose
Try to include the classrooms, rises
playground, sports fields, basketball
courts, etc. in your school. Then show where
north, south, east, and west are located on your
school map by drawing a compass rose.

Try this activity. Go outside your school and listen to

your teacher call out different actions like,“Face east,”
“Face south,”“Point to the west,”“Sit down facing
north,” and so on. See how quickly you can do the
actions.
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 Time
Read and look at the pictures.
In a day, time is measured in hours. There are twenty-four
hours in one day. It is made up of twelve hours of day
and twelve hours of night.

12 hours 12 hours
of night of day

There are seven days in a week.

one week = seven day

Fill in the missing letters to complete each day

of the week. Then number the days from 1 to 7.
M__nd__y Fr__d__y Tu__sd__y
S__t__rd__y S__n__ay Th__rs__ay
W__dn__s__ay
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 WORDS TO KNOW
time week
The months of the year have thirty or hour
thirty-one days each, except for February
which has twenty-eight days or twenty-nine days
every four years.
A year has twelve months. How can you remember if a
month has thirty or thirty-one days? Close your hands
tightly and then begin to count the months by pointing
with your index finger on your right hand to the first knuckle
bone on your left hand.The months on the knuckles have
thirty-one days, while months on a space between the
knuckles have thirty days (except for February).
April May June October
March September November
July
( February ) August December

January

Make pairs. Count the months on your hands

with a classmate.

1. How many months have thirty days? Write them.

2. How many months have thirty-one days? Write them.

3. How many months have twenty-eight or twenty-nine

days? Write it.
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 D Movements of the moon and Earth
Read and look at the picture.
Earth orbits the sun. It takes Earth twelve months or
one year to orbit the sun once.

sun

Earth

12 months / 1 year

Complete the sentences.

1. A day has hours.
2. A week has days.
3. Most months have or days.
4. February has or days.
5. A year has months.
6. Earth takes months or
year to travel around the sun.

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 WORDS TO KNOW
orbits
The moon orbits Earth. It takes the moon
twenty-seven days to go all the way around Earth.
We always see the same face of the moon because
its rotation time is equal to its translation time.
Look at the image showing the face of the
moon that we see regularly. Copy it in
the space below.

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 WORDS TO KNOW
mobile
The Sun, Earth, and Moon Experiment
Make your own mobile of the sun, Earth, and moon.
Materials

balloons markers wooden string

sticks

Get hands on!

1. Get into groups of three students. Decide who will make the sun,
Earth, or moon.
2. Each group makes the sun, Earth, and moon from balloons and
then draws the “face” on the balloon. For example, you could use
a blue balloon for Earth and do a simple drawing of the land on
Earth in green. The blue would represent the water on Earth.
3. Tie each finished balloon
to a string and then to a
wooden stick.
4. Each group takes turns
demonstrating in their
own group and then to
the class how:
a) Earth orbits the sun
b) The moon orbits Earth

Results

Answer the questions. Then discuss with

the class.
1. How long does it take Earth to orbit the sun?

2. How long does it take the moon to orbit Earth?

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 Review 5
A Label the different layers of Earth.

B Draw a line from each of Earth’s layers to the

correct description.

This layer is extremely hot and

inner core moves around the inner core. It is
made up of liquid rock and metals.

crust This layer is very hot and is made

up of solid and melted rock that
moves slowly around the outer core.

mantle
This is the hottest layer of Earth.
It is a very large, hot ball of solid
metals like nickel iron.
outer core
This is the thinnest layer of Earth.
It is made up of rock and soil.

C Name four things that can be seen on Earth’s crust.

1. 3.

2. 4.
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 D Complete the sentences.
1. Earth’s crust is divided into big plates and
many small ones.
2. Plates are made from a small part of the crust and the
.
3. Each plate is to fit around Earth.
4. These plates are always moving slowly on top of the
melted of the mantle.
E Draw a line from each picture to its description.
move away from
each other

slide against each

other

move on top
of another

bump together

F What three natural disasters can happen when

Earth’s plates move?
, , .
G What three things can change Earth’s surface?
, , ,
, , .
H What are the three Rs that we must do to protect
Earth and its natural resources?
, , .
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 Review 6
A What are the colors of a rainbow? Color the
bands and then write the colors in their order.
1
2
3
4
1. 5.
5
6
7 2. 6.
3 7
4

B What colors do you need to mix together in order

to make these colors?
+ = purple
+ = green
+ = orange
C Complete the sentences.
1. Big things make shadows.
2. Small things make shadows.
3. The size of a shadow depends on two things.
a) The time of and the
b) The of the object
D Draw a picture of a person with a shadow.

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 E Fill in the number on the blank. Then draw the
moon orbiting Earth.
It takes the moon days to orbit Earth.

F Draw a compass rose and label

the four cardinal points.

G Answer the questions.

1. How many hours are there in a day?
2. How many days are there in a week?
3. How many months are there in a year?
4. Which month has a change in the
number of days every four years?
H Fill in the number on the blank. Then draw Earth
orbiting the sun.
It takes Earth to orbit the sun.

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