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Image Filtering Notes

Image filtering is a digital image processing technique that applies mathematical operations to each pixel in an image to modify its visual appearance. There are two main types of filtering: spatial domain filtering, which operates directly on pixel values, and frequency domain filtering, which transforms the image into frequency components. Common filters include convolution, correlation, blurring, sharpening, and noise reduction filters. Image filtering plays an important role in computer vision, graphics, and photography by enhancing images and extracting features.

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34 views1 page

Image Filtering Notes

Image filtering is a digital image processing technique that applies mathematical operations to each pixel in an image to modify its visual appearance. There are two main types of filtering: spatial domain filtering, which operates directly on pixel values, and frequency domain filtering, which transforms the image into frequency components. Common filters include convolution, correlation, blurring, sharpening, and noise reduction filters. Image filtering plays an important role in computer vision, graphics, and photography by enhancing images and extracting features.

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The notes here talk about image filtering.

Image filtering is a digital image processing technique used to enhance or


modify the visual appearance of an image. It involves applying a
mathematical operation, often represented by a filter or kernel, to each pixel
in an image. Filters can be designed to perform various tasks, including noise
reduction, edge detection, blurring, sharpening, and color enhancement.

There are two main types of image filtering: spatial domain filtering and
frequency domain filtering. In spatial domain filtering, the filter operates
directly on the pixel values of the image. Common spatial filters include
convolution and correlation filters. Frequency domain filtering involves
transforming the image into its frequency components using techniques like
the Fourier Transform and applying filters in the frequency domain.

Image filters play a crucial role in computer vision, graphics, and


photography, contributing to tasks such as feature extraction, pattern
recognition, and image enhancement. Different filters are employed based on
the specific goals of image processing, whether it be improving image quality,
highlighting certain features, or preparing images for further analysis.

Image filtering: When we filter an image, we apply a mask over each position
in an image. For example: A smooth filter calculate the value in a pixel (x,y)
position as the average value of the n neighborhoods. With this type of filters,
we will need to calculate the average of positions (x-1,y-1)+(x,y-1)+(x+1,y-1)+
(x-1,y)+(x,y)+(x+1,y)+(x-1,y+1)+(x,y+1)+(x+1,y1+1) (or the weighted values if
the filter matrix have not the same values for each position).

We needs to implements a filter for images of size (1280x1080) (a matrix of


1280x1080 pixels of size), The values will been between 0 an 255, and the
results should be integer values between those values. To calculate the
borders, we uses the next available value. For example: if y is the row, for the
upper border (where y=0) we will replace (x-1,y)+(x,y)+(x+1,y)+(x-1,y)+(x,y)+
(x+1,y)+(x-1,y+1)+(x,y+1)+(x+1,y1+1).

You will have 2 matrices: Image and Filter. The first one will be a random
matrix or a preloaded image (in order to be more generic, we will uses in the
begining a random matrix). You does not known the original size (that means:
you will have to calculate the shape of image) If the image have more than
one layer, the filter must be applied to all the layers

Things to do before starts:

 Which information you will distribute? Pixel position? row position?


column position?
 Which information will you collect? Pixel, columns? rows?
 How will you collect the information?

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