RESONANCE CIRCUITS

Md. Nuhi-Alamin
Lecturer
Dept. of EEE
RUET
 Content
◼ Series Resonance
◼ Parallel Resonance
◼ Important Parameters
◼ Resonance Frequency, o
◼ Half-power frequencies, 1 and 2
◼ Bandwidth, 
◼ Quality Factor, Q
◼ Application
2
 Introduction
◼ Resonance is a condition in an RLC
circuit in which the capacitive and
reactive reactance are equal in
magnitude, thereby resulting in a purely
resistive impedance.
◼ Resonance circuits are useful for
constructing filters and used in many
application.
3
Series Resonance Circuit

4
 At Resonance
◼ At resonance, the impedance consists
only resistive component R.
◼ The value of current will be maximum
since the total impedance is minimum.
◼ The voltage and current are in phase.
◼ Maximum power occurs at resonance
since the power factor is unity.

5
 Series Resonance
Total impedance of series RLC Circuit is

Z Total = R + jX L - jX C
Z T otal = R + j(X L - X C )

At resonance

XL = XC

The impedance now reduce to The current at resonance

Vs V
Z T otal = R Im = = m
ZTotal R

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 Resonance Frequency
Resonance frequency is the frequency where the
condition of resonance occur.
Also known as center frequency.
Resonance frequency

1
ωo = rad/s
LC
1
fo = Hz
2 LC

7
 Half-power Frequency

Half-power frequencies is the frequency when the

magnitude of the output voltage or current is decrease
by the factor of 1 / 2 from its maximum value.
Also known as cutoff frequencies.

2 2
−R  R   1  R  R   1 
ω1 = +   +  rad/s ω2 = +   +  rad/s
2L  2L   LC  2L  2L   LC 

8
 Bandwidth, 

Bandwidth,  is define as the difference between the

two half power frequencies.
The width of the response curve is determine by the
bandwidth.

β = (ωc 2 − ωc1 )rad/s

R
β = rad/s
L
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Current Response Curve

10
Voltage Response Curve

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 Quality Factor (Q-Factor)
The ratio of resonance frequency to the bandwidth

o o L
Q= =
 R

The “sharpness” of response curve could be measured

by the quality factor, Q.

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 High-Q
It is to be a high-Q circuit when its quality factor is
equal or greater than 10.
For a high-Q circuit (Q 10), the half-power
frequencies are, for all practical purposes, symmetrical
around the resonant frequency and can be
approximated as

 
1   o − 2  o +
2 2
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 Q-Factor Vs Bandwidth
◼ Higher value of Q,
smaller the
bandwidth. (Higher
the selectivity)
◼ Lower value of Q
larger the bandwidth.
(Lower the selectivity)

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 Maximum Power Dissipated
The average power dissipated by the RLC circuit is
1 2
P(ω o ) = I R
2

The maximum power dissipated at resonance where

Vm
I=
R
Thus maximum power dissipated is
1 V2m
P(ωo ) =
2 R
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 Power Dissipated at 1 and 2
At certain frequencies, where ω = ω1 and ω2, the
dissipated power is half of maximum power

1 (Vm / 2 ) 2 V 2 m
P(ω1 ) = P(ω 2 ) = =
2 R 4R

Hence, ω1 and ω2 are called half-power frequencies.

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Example 14.7
If R=2Ω, L=1mH and C=0.4 F, calculate
◼ Resonant frequency, ωo
◼ Half power frequencies, ω1 and ω2
◼ Bandwidth, 
◼ Amplitude of current at ωo, ω1 and ω2.

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Practice Problem 14.7

◼ A series connected circuit has R=4Ω

and L=25mH. Calculate
◼ Value of C that will produce a quality factor
of 50.
◼ Find 1 , 2 and .
◼ Determine average power dissipated at
= o , 1 and 2. Take Vm = 100V

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Parallel Resonance

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 Parallel Resonance
The total admittance
YTotal = Y1 + Y2 + Y3
1 1 1
YTotal = + +
R (jL) (-j/C)
1 -j
YT otal = + + jωC
R ωL
1
YT otal = + j( ωC − 1/ ωL)
R

Resonance occur when

1
ωC =
ωL 20
 At Resonance
◼ At resonance, the impedance consists
only conductance G.
◼ The value of current will be minimum
since the total admittance is minimum.
◼ The voltage and current are in phase.

21
 Parameters in Parallel Circuit
Parallel resonant circuit has same parameters as the
series resonant circuit.

Resonance frequency
1
ωo = rad/s
LC

Half-power frequencies

2
−1
2
 1   1  1  1   1 
ω1 = +   +  rad/s ω2 = +   +  rad/s
2RC  2RC   LC  2RC  2RC   LC 

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 Parameters in Parallel Circuit
Bandwidth
1
β = ω2 − ω1 =
RC

Quality Factor
ωo
Q= = o RC
β

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Example 14.8
If R=8kΩ, L=0.2mH and C=8F, calculate
◼ ωo
◼ Q and 
◼ ω1 and ω2
◼ Power dissipated at ωo, ω1 and ω2.

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 Practice Problem 14.8

◼ A parallel resonant circuit has R=100kΩ,

L=25mH and C=5nF. Calculate
◼ o
◼ 1 and 2
◼ Q
◼ 

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APPLICATION
 PASSIVE FILTERS
◼ A filter is a circuit that is designed to pass
signals with desired frequencies and
reject or attenuates others
◼ A filter is a Passive Filters if it consists
only passive elements which is R, L and C.
◼ Filters that used resonant circuit
◼ Bandpass Filter
◼ Bandstop Filter

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 BANDPASS FILTER
◼ A bandpass filter is
designed to pass all
frequencies within
ω1  ωo  ω2

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 BANDPASS FILTER
1
ωo =
LC
SERIES RLC CIRCUIT
−R
2
R   1 
ω1 = +   + 
2L  2L   LC 
2
R R   1 
ω2 = +   + 
2L  2L   LC 
R
β = ω 2 − ω1 =
L
ωo L
Q= =
β CR 2 31
 BANDPASS FILTER
1
ωo =
LC
PARALLEL RLC CIRCUIT
−1
2
 1   1 
ω1 = +   + 
2RC  2RC   LC 
2
1  1   1 
ω2 = +   + 
2RC  2RC   LC 
1
β = ω 2 − ω1 =
RC
ωo R 2C
Q= =
β L 32
 BANDSTOP FILTER
◼ A bandstop or
bandreject filter is
designed to stop or
reject all
frequencies within
ω1  ωo  ω2

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 BANDSTOP FILTER
1
SERIES RLC CIRCUIT ωo =
LC

−R
2
R   1 
ω1 = +   + 
2L  2L   LC 
2
R R   1 
ω2 = +   + 
2L  2L   LC 
R
β = ω 2 − ω1 =
L
ωo L
Q= =
β CR 2 34
 BANDSTOP FILTER
1
ωo =
LC
PARALLEL RLC CIRCUIT
−1
2
 1   1 
ω1 = +   + 
2RC  2RC   LC 
2
1  1   1 
ω2 = +   + 
2RC  2RC   LC 
1
β = ω 2 − ω1 =
RC
ωo R 2C
Q= =
β L 35
EXERCISE