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Lecture 06

The document discusses expressions and data types in C++. It covers arithmetic operators, order of operations, integer and floating point division, and using cout to output values and different data types to the screen.

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Saad Qayyum
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21 views12 pages

Lecture 06

The document discusses expressions and data types in C++. It covers arithmetic operators, order of operations, integer and floating point division, and using cout to output values and different data types to the screen.

Uploaded by

Saad Qayyum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Lecture 6

Expressions and Data-types


C++ Output (with 'cout')
12

EXPRESSIONS
13

Arithmetic Operators
• Addition, subtraction, multiplication work as expected for
both integer and floating point types
• Modulus is only defined for integers
Operator Operation
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
(Integer vs. Double division)
% Modulus (remainder) 10 % 3 =
[for integers only] 17 % 10 =
14

Precedence
• Order of operations/
evaluation of an expression
• Top Priority = highest
(done first)
• Notice operations with the
same level or precedence
usually are evaluated left to
right (explained at bottom)
• Evaluate:
– 2*-4-3+5%2;
• Tips:
– Use parenthesis to add clarity
– Add a space between literals January 2007 v2.2. Copyright °c 2007 Joseph H. Silverman
Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this card pro-

( 2 * - 4) - 3 + ( 5 % 2) vided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on
all copies.
Send comments and corrections to J.H. Silverman, Math. Dept., Brown
Univ., Providence, RI 02912 USA. [email protected]
15

Division
• Computers perform division differently based on the
type of values used as inputs
• Integer Division:
– When dividing two integral values, the result will also be
an integer (any remainder/fraction will be dropped)
– 10 / 4 = 2 52 / 10 = 5 6/7=0
• Floating-point (Double) & Mixed Division
– 10.0 / 4.0 = 2.5 52.0 / 10 = 5.2 6 / 7.0 = 0.8571
– Note: If one input is a double, the other will be promoted
temporarily to compute the result as a double
16

Exercise Review
• Evaluate the following:
25 / 3
20 - 12 / 4 * 2
3 - 15 % 7
18.0 / 4
28 - 5 / 2.0

Exercises from: D.S. Malik, C++ Programming, 5th Ed., Ch. 2, Q6.
17

Using 'cout'…

SIMPLE C++ OUTPUT


18

Output From Your Program


• To see the output in C++ we
need to explicitly tell the
computer to output the value
using 'cout' Performing computation is To output a result to the
like having a thought. No screen in C++ (i.e. "write it
– So what happens to the result of output is generated unless down") we use the 'cout'
you explicitly write it down. command
12*3 on the first line?
• Note: 'endl' stands for / / iostream allows access to ' c o u t '
#include <iostream>
end-line and causes the cursor using namespace std;

/ / Execution always starts at the main() function


to move to the next line of the i n t main()
{
screen 12 * 3; / / No result printed

cout << 12 * 3 << endl; / / 36 printed

return 0;
}

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC


This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
19

Printing Different Values & Types


/ / iostream allows access to ' c o u t '
#include <iostream>
• 'cout' requires appropriate use of using namespace std;

separators between consecutive


/ / Execution always starts at the main() function
values or different types of values i n t main()
{
• 'cout' does not add spaces between cout << 345 754 << endl; / / Bad
cout << 345 << 754 << endl; / / Better, but no spaces cout
consecutive values; you must do so << 345 << " " << 754 << endl; / / Best
return 0;
explicitly }

– Since text strings are a different


/ / iostream allows access to ' c o u t '
value we must separate it with the #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
'<<' operator
/ / Execution always starts at the main() function
• Generally good practice to give some i n t main()
{
descriptive text with your numeric cout << "3 dozen i s " << 3*12 << " items." << endl;
output cout << "There are " << 60*24*365 << " minutes";
– Note: You may divide up output over cout << " i n a year." << endl;
return 0;
multiple 'cout' statements. Unless an }
'endl' or '\n' is used, the next 'cout'
statement will resume where the last Output:
3 dozen i s 36 items.
one left off There are 525600 minutes i n a year.
20

SOLUTIONS
21

You're Just My Type


• Indicate which constants are matched with
the correct type.
Constant Type Right / Wrong
4.0 int double (.0)
5 int int
'a' string char
"abc" string C-string
5. double float/double (. = non-integer)
5 char Int…but if you store 5 in a char
variable it'd be okay (char = some
number that fits in 8-bits/1-byte
"5.0" double C-string
'5' int char
22

Exercise Review
• Evaluate the following:
– 25 / 3 = 8
– 20 - 12 / 4 * 2 = 14
– 3 - 15 % 7 = 2
– 18.0 / 4 = 2.5
– 28 - 5 / 2.0 = 25.5

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