en to ee . Pro ba bality a id classical — oppreney ( L. axiomatic FPprO4. Random experiment L Sample Spa (Sample poont) se hel exhaustive Condiboval <— eee I | ; Sndependent dependent Total Hicswtin Probability Eaves Theoven Random Caperivnent = < S — a se a & = 5 : Rnoon nm advance Gnunot fe predicted experiment : outcomes in a van dont+ % to denoted fy Ss. 4 The. elements in Sample Space are Called Saniple ports. FS when a fair (om io tossed Once S= fH75 when a fair Gn 1% tossed too times ae ot He Fai ees tee ae u(s) = 2 when a fay Cole te tossed hye Hines, | n(s) == Spo dad. Wem MI THM TK, FR, wat, TTT} Event: | Jiny Subset of Sample Set © Called an event: | They ave dented Oy F, - &, E, etc. event which will definietly Called Certain tvent- which Can “ever Cevtain Event: An i Smpossible Evene: An event Called ‘Svmpossible take place tS a are t ontains nly S iewene Ufes oO even! ae Ba it © Called Sivyple event- Compound — Event event: 4% an event (owtarns tuo or wove Simple events ib Coed Compound event Equally likely Evert Evi toe SP Ssideenete ibe equally (ikel wher Ye chance of Occ wrance of one es 16 neither greater noy _ (esser than an 4 olfer ever. = Ste Called equally (eteely. Nga Excluswe Events Two oy more eventsOve Said to be mutually exclusive a they q Phae vo Sample points m mmo. "et | Sntersection 1 empty Set | 3) | The Occurance of One event Should — prevent the occurance — of remaining all other events ex, haustive events: Too ahs mor, Gens, are Said to be exhaustive if thety Union 1 Sample Space Complement of an Event : % £ & an event os then £ weans nok E classical Approach: whtn a Yandom expenment ‘esults im 7% elementary , mutual exclusive, exhaustive Cverits | equally Chey and mM times ave favourable for an event E +o happen. then P(E) ate YVR favourable chances FT acne STOUASES total Profoability of " graye’ Sccurence of E Smce wm times are favourable foy an evnt £ w- Mm times ts Wot favourable Bere CE) yoy nN Pe) + p(e) = | in favour of e: PO® =: P(E) ww Called adds in favour hy 4_— ee ee ee ee ee” ee ae ee ee ee P(E) : pte) © called cdds agaist 4 odds are S71 in favour find P(e) . P(E) Cee Fete) BT ’ P(e) = 5R Se ae \ = lar. Rit= tne 1a oo Pe) = limitations. when the number of tails ae very large classical Approach voill — fail. when — the events ave not equally Likely this pocteduve coill fail. Axiomatic Approach: 7A function = RY Xen >R A function Pi pe SR code 7 Demain +g * Jean number Power Set of Sample set RA al SiGe, 9s, Called power St , OSakissying Po e-— P(e) ra) = | bia probability of Aample Space ts e € and £, ave mutually exclusive ane e events then (Ce, BE, Dv ee, Pte) + P (ed oy Sarr die tf -Yolled Meee sn) 5 6}fe = event of getting Or number Greater Yan {5,64 P(E) = Rage $ 6 eH E, eveut of getting an even numbey {24 63 _ i * E-2 | ears a fair die bolle bie. fig he pre bakit, oF geting a sum F- ¢ vi Gee eg = a EF = €6 @€) @5. GG) @&Yy Gs n(—E) = 6 Hiejee 26) BE ee Addition — theorem of probability ; a ty H% E& and Qye any too events of Sample Space S then P(E vs) = Plej+ee.) —- PER) % (E, = &) pee he are ve ME (eco Oe = ples) + Ae.) PE) —Plenes) + P(E) =, PCE) +P(E) - P(e, ne/ 4ceah mumbey ts Selected from 1, ave oes: (00 ' ceived the probability ef that the number ts amultiple of 5S mw 4. ey US Onin se 10Gy 5 (e) = Br oi Bley 120¢C | 100 Ey = ot. PES Sa Se 43 Bicneme eS ne Ta: too, 100 BNE, = {59,10} PEE) = 2 100 Pao) . P(e)+ PCE Pl oS) = Se ie le iS 105 100 100 > _aeg 109. 5 ons, 25 Q) Too Cards are = Selected «= fom a pack of 52 Garde Find the proiability that they axe Wred colouy Cards or Rings 52. Cards m+ —— Se ai 26 red 26 Black 52 Candg Cc I 4 1 J 1 q 4 Queens = 4 aces 4 Jack iS. 4 S783 10 = 2 Cards are red in Glour PCE) = 6c,Eye 2 Garde) ore “Rings P(E.) ee Ss 526, | a(t Bac. P(E.UR) = P(e) +P) # PCA NG) 2 oy te 2¢ SC, eit oo eee @)Five Cards are’ drawn frm a pack of 52 Gfds . Find the Probability that four o them will fae Same face Value. ne.) = Wc, Be 5: ae ne f] (s Adect tne box from 15 to get fun rds Same face Value Select he remaining One Card ey hey. 2 Gxt 9) Fie numbers a, 2 %eh5y, Sy are «= elected i, 12, Se ever 5 100- | Find dng Probability that %<%, <2, =40 <%, <5 %. ari od 6 Fle) = Pec 100 GseS Q Two pevsons A and B&B voll a die me after the Other the person who first gets 2 Sa will win - Find their = profabilities tn of qetbng a 6 im faming let p= Probability y ees 6 Pro Ba Gili oO nok ttting AG = 5 ghity ot est a A may Win in fivet attempt = (ov) "4 attempt (ay 3% ablempt 50 om - probobility of A womtng (i attempt =f proba bility Of A Valatng 28 ottmpt = 94-9-P probability of A Loinning 3 attempt = (9"4,) (99) P = 41-P ba bili 7 ik A inni pro ty of ver ng Ps P+ qi p+ gips---. €0 3 P (+g tgt4---- ©) = 1 © Garces} = (ie \-qr = ty ae & we 0 % nents Probability of B ining = fees ie = 8 x be depacts, of = Lolnin =4p+ GVGA+----- % 7? OP + Gp+---- © “= G49 4---- 9) Po.) BB io ee uw isROB = ANB p (x OB) e (a8) = 1— elane P (An® = /e(h = % PUN) = P(ALB) = P(A) + PCO) 4 = P+ 2 Ss a oe ae pr) s ei aes =. n@® =u n(€) ees) Ht 2) Sree areas enc >t n(s) = Oe fra 2h = atc Bee gee "Cy — p(ane) eager ; a WO La) (4 an n \ ze 3. 4 Mumbers \ > { nss hn mumbers ™ cpNore: | ) = P (Avave) = PW +P + PO) — Pla) + ee P (anc) ) + P (NAB AC) Sf ABC on mutwally exclusive, p(avevc) = Pla) + C8) +PC0) @ w p(@) = se | Pt) = oP 3 mers’ * ye ee). =) oN? adaware |) bs oO In Co S++ he ei Sf aeOo# P(e Oo, 06) <1 ot e(e) +P(6) +(t,) £1 Of iar, op 1 3 a = G4 \e=38 «| \a O44 ‘Wes * a ‘ () ‘The determmant i postive @ determinant % wom Ze70 oe: each oe Can Oo filed tn 2 wony, total possibilities =o = 16 i = ad —be ad —fe >O0 ad > be | 0 Pee 8) St of 2x2 determinants are formed — usin 0 and | only find the probability that ;Oo eM Ro p n ad -§c <0 ad <6e Oo | a 4 at (eee | Lo 2,0 @ P(e) = 6 6 os s.. Bae Se playin a& tournament into pais ak Yandorn + AIL player divided a ye They Find the probability that 5, have equal Abrength ° % among the & wines 7 \G s n(s)= Cg wtEe- eee, Bly \ > Bee | wae Al) 4 ~ + 16 Gs) Cy 4 a0 q) SE Seon ee o. Ploy a bnockout tourmaynent They ant divided nto groups play have equal Strength Find Yok Sand 5 ait eet Gi Both 5, and at randon All the probability dae among 8 wlan. SS Casein Boe st chances qf wrceling Si = a ‘i S os a : hot meeting cele 5, Sc iG- ae eae chaweces ct serving for 5, &S, = 14 ! esl tied» 2 1p 2, Wee Sy 8 gad oP oo chances of menting 8,14, Jee ob cha : MOSS de wth wectng = . ¥ chances -of Pelli alata ste eens eee ea aa oe 30 ne XW Sst i Beet a Bae 5 Se 360 3) ee a 74 Weeks) = 4 =k ad 15:Cy 30 Wi eee oe boinney Buk mt Sh h(E) = MCE a 6 a aa OQ. eaaeee.” Sg one playing a knockout tornameut tohenevty = Si plays Laith Sj S will win when =) The playe one paired ot Yandow. Find the Probability that will each finals, Be BR Gane = 8c. 80. "C, (fo fuer rnd) _——a = 8! 2! taiegi = 105 : bo PS, shud pit MOR Sy St ey, finals: \ protatilty that PY weil 9, a ACME 36, ‘ ne) = 8). 5G: $C) teks ~ foe SEER 105 | Lowy A a ee * sil W2t BE't/ % con be paired with p 6 pete ss Ne eee “ee 35 * (pnditional Event and Conditional prrba bili ty von dice 35. rolled. S~ fz B4563 A = event of obtaining an even Muméen B= a - {24,65 - Be event of Obtaining 07 ad “number < 6 > {2 34,59 é defined 95 Conditional event of A qin 4 yneans the OC cuvance oF A when B has taker place ready. Mens we are ~estiching te Sample 6. p(4) means the Conditional prrbability of A Givk B- 7 Ag = fz 44 ° (ane) ar ty ie? z « ANB) _ ete) : *(4) iM P(A) = P (Ans) ‘ n (ANB) Pay n(8) x andeperdent — Events: 4h Ye Sccurance of A ty wot depending on & thew np and B ove Called Sncleperctey tong Events . ® Cs) = (a) es dnde pendent events P(A) = P(A) and °(8) = * p(B) = Plans n (a8) ) P(A) Hed Foy Snde perdent Events. P(A) = Pla 18) (6) Plane) _ ew e(s) os\oa Q) Makices ane formed @ Using O23 ulm Find the num bey of — Ynabices having 4 cements Greiy | Yow 4 columns Case di: ZOOS 2 columa % i ©) ja) Yyows | column es > Sxy" ways B) sx5 ee fumed using $3 32 41,0 4, many nabjces ae thee which are Syntmes,- Sas Symomnebic and whee dace TS 2evp oY fea Ge w o 4.5 6 ae mt Oe cis ~§ -¢c 0 6 Un knowns S unknown Cock element Com be T chances 4illea tn 7 ways 3 T's Symmes, 3%. Sy metic Skew ay mmnety different — woays %&F0 elas %4—-% = Bee hot ee ws Ble (715. 52> Bhs rede cay ae, A ne we Roo = st = 6 Se re Bes = 3 37 ; ‘ * S1xT way Find te oman and ang of iy 7%, 20-33 ex p w a * C. aos CS aill a Per Whee ond Cy 9% defined a of N21, P20" o 7 nov ax ; Fan 1-42 4-5 rhe ad demain {3,455 J iO > 2K: x 46 amas s Np uy x-320 he es xes 1-% >x-3% Sp Bias Peg fi 32} demeerg Oba Peay ness ee 2 2 20-32 Vex wv - 4-5 ce 20-3 2 Yax-5 ae o>! 4x-520 qx 425 xe ld x25 % 225 3 mn Ey 6-x 3, ae 15 domain ={2 3} a oe ee? C= Q) Two Person, A and 6 Sle a problem brideyenden bith probats ty + and + vespectively. Find the Probability + tat ) The problem Saved Wy Ereactty one 4 the perm soles. Gi) “The Problem ts Nok Solved . fe tet 6 * the Event that A Soles the Problem problem 3 the Event B sls theP(E.) “fi P(G) = ® °() ve) 2 pK) + ele.) - P(6,n6,) Preven Gan. alved fy A @ 6 Dc. = Re oe Z = + ~2 z 2nd method: # (f,uh) - |- (EUG) = a P(e at) =e PG) P(E) el bed =e 3 aaa ® = P(E AG) + PCE ng) = PG) e&) + +(E) P(e.) eres oe @) # (Eng = eG) P(E) we abel gg = x 3 a oS i. ‘ EI_ ie 4nde pendent )) Speers ASC gives problem inde pt wth probabilities rae respectively Find the probability that © That prem % Sled 4 0 (£, 0G 0&) w Exoc tly g, ) BS ie aren Soles p(E\neNEs)+ P(E 0624) + PCE NG 1G) gw Dajoney Solves Minimuy, Solas ale cape Slve . @ I- P(veu,) a l-.e(S ng; a&) mets (1. 2! Chien a. = y i) Bee ’ eae ¥ er 3 pels, 239, 4 om = t 2 ati 2a 2 u 24 wy PE AG ney = 2 yy e aE ta ar eae Eee a ie a P(E 1G nes) + (EEE) 4 96¢ 4c, 0) 2 Gates + (xa ss an 2S tT) 7s sm) % Lan a a pee, + ay 24 2y oe 6 a4Ca Total “Weoverm of probality r 4 b, HEL, Eger een by me % a Nb Cxbouste events of Savngle Space S, f Me 1 Event associated colt all ese trek 4 P(e » a e(e,) P(£) SoS ae ph oe ie ee | 6| ! ] os ce ~» Ene, bag, En Gy oo» EnGn one voutually chin E = (Eng) u(Enes) 0 (En€s) .---~ U (Ent) . PE AE,) POE) > (Enc) + P(E ME) ~~" we) = #(6) O(€) +6) (B00 (6) HE) z= A IS % P(ANB)= 4 \ Fle pe)» 2 P(E) °(E) { * “Theovern* C, Ore No MU Resi ap G1 Fi, See and exhaushe verte assomoted with all these events then e() « PC) *(H) P(e) ) » r(&) °C) i eons ey oie any Event” Ne rN) Contains hoo Ted, four glue 3 Glue, 4Req rblue » Che fox elected at random and one fall is drawn fom it wy Find the Probability that a ved Gall 1s Obtained » eS fol drawn i found t be td find v profa bility thal it fom BY bow iw a. Es denote the events of Selecting box, 2? box, 3o ba ~espectively meee °C) + PG.) - -S Lees be the) event of getting a red Gall ee) = PCE) P(£) + P(e *(-£) +") °(&) qe foes & B&B, Gols, Red mle S = a te ese Lee es Cue sl 6; = \ = ate cel q ae + = Biel Se = aoe 6 = gel 2, w E é P(E) = P(&) (= Pe) eke eS =it a re 3x2 ay pe LS ; Mee = Event that Patient follows medi bation and Yoga: E, = Event thot patient takes drugE- a PG) = PG) =- Event thot tre pautientt gets Bae P(gyan AB 2 no wg) CE) Attacg 20 . “Tob _—_ ab} Be 0010 « “16 45 = te 24: & Let J au j= fo octet 8 nic. fr fel Bc, i T+ Na oe Saag cs NC, ie % 20 Noes NAC, am (29 wag 2! eT ess 21 (wy 5:Ne 64 Me 64 a 3 n 26. @ P(e) = Ce) - ote) - + Too headed coin P(E) = | Biased on E)= p[- clot Unbiased Com rE) P(E) = Pe ME)+°@) (&)+fEs) (%) ieee eo a Care sides = = — les] = ete) ?(-&) a uv ox = Po w nal l= =|Dn a tea Brows a Student either qusss © Ces, the answer 40 O nabkiple Chole Questin, foun cheices of uchich only One & Correct Te” Probabili : 1 nde Copy “ hes he will ques % = % oe : +. The probability tak HS Or Correct qven that fe «= pied = *8 + Find f, Pro ba Gili that he bnew the answen Gr, that he answered Lower tly. A — student quess eG) = 0 a Student copies P(E) = - a student brows the ri answer (63) aes (&) - 4 - eee a *C4)- (4) e gi , Pe). AE ) ©) +EW) *> alts 12 les r a Pua 3 either aA fetter is known +0 fave Come from fi TATANAGAR eo GALcOTTA °* the Visible Fm just too Consecutive (eters TA as she probability tak lame fom E,: the lelly Game fom Tatavaagay Gt The ‘Cele Came fom Calcutta. (Ei) = w(E) e+ Ce a co Pluscctne = (etles, «TA VWeiole —eo °(&) = Fad <> The Conditional probability tab « 4 (etleYs ane from TATA NAGAR oo * + my TS: POH) + Mean(s) Qs bier = known = 40shiaves ome fom Hong KONG oD PONG YONG. o% the envelope, too Gee ths =e NG ie Visible. Find — the probability that ad (ome from Hong KONG Bey = P(E) = HONG KONG - PYONG YONG) Thee rumbes are Selected fom page ae LAS 5. m §p Find the pmobability Yaak Hey r 6 = ae 4 ; 4 Ie 4 | (¢.2 ¢ . % 3 %) by - 16 y (10) atc! § We 100 as 44 = 6 4 : b) Bly x ee RE) ent 4a A ————— 4G ee ek : fat 3) Ros. & Bend 2 eps 4G x2 +56 x4 + 20%5, ¥ a 4 0s 146 g a, B SR. up 28 5B 4e@ 2g Mos. (4) = P(e) og ; en ee WW/a4aeg) . ane WP = dure ay ee cunt tan te fe nt. 00 wohile — Gallly. 3 white balk 4 Udhile- 5S uhik 1)? p(Er) = PCs) = PEy) ae event of geting tno white balls . Be et. Ce) : WANE) ~ Ce) =) * cy B+ 4, 10 I+ 6+lo+3 loPH = 0 =O = (jee (A)-euaey = & E,: One ball is uchite C.: too bal ome white 6s Sciam ball, are whit i a, PGE ge Saceee 2 + °G + 3C, +4C, 10 5 ym @ ® Go & — 45 \ 2 7 4 5 € + : 1%, 4 18 35C, +5G.3 ¢>Ww are ue ; re A! (oa 0s) i” Ost + ay (os)” (0.08) 2 | ’ 3 [= +3) > 2 OKs @) atleast Scorrect answers 5 Comet + Henect +. Beonect aa 5! /4y9 : (25 (4 + Ose +3. (5) : - * $x * "(9) = I 1+. aay * mo ee F)