5/26/2023

Digital Subscriber Line

Andana, Caños, Gaudiel, Jagorin, Lee, Navarro

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• formerly called a digital subscriber loop, is a
type of internet connection that uses the
voice frequency of telephone lines to send
and receive internet data and traffic.
• offers an efficient and cost-effective
solution for providing internet connectivity
in areas where laying new cables or fiber
optics may be impractical or expensive

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Two Most Common Types of DSL

1. Asymmetric DSL (ADSL): ADSL is less
expensive and more prevalent because of
its quicker download speed as opposed to
upload speed.
2. Symmetric (SDSL): SDSL is preferred by
professionals who need to back up large
amounts of information to cloud storage
or virtual private network (VPN) users due
to its equivalent download and upload
speeds

How Does DSL

Work?

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Top 7 Types of DSL

1. Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
2. High-bit-rate DSL or HDSL
3. Very high-bit-rate DSL or VDSL
4. Symmetric DSL
5. Single-pair, high-speed DSL or SHDSL
6. Very-high-bit-rate DSL 2
7. G.fast

• It is the most widely deployed DSL technology

which allows for faster downstream data
transmission compared to upstream
transmission.
• Suitable for applications such as internet
browsing, video streaming, and downloading.

Specification
Asymmetric
Data Rates: DSL or ADSL
• Upstream: 16 Kbps to 1 Mbps
• Downstream: 1 Mbps to 8 Mbps

Transmission: Asymmetric

Frequency Bands:
• POTS 0 Hz to 4 kHz
• Upstream Band 25 kHz to 138 kHz
138 kHz to 1.1 MHz or
• Downstream Band
higher

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• Standardized in 1994, HDSL used two sets of

24 AWG copper cables to offer symmetric
E1/T1 download speeds at lengths of up to
3657 meters.
• HDSL2 and HDSL4 are its predecessors, with
the latter utilizing four types of wiring instead
of two. High-bit-
Specification
rate DSL or
Data Rates:
1.544 Mbps (T1) to HDSL
2.048 Mbps (E1)
Transmission: Symmetric

Alternate Mark Inversion

Line Coding:
(AMI) line coding
Loop Length 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles)

• An advanced DSL technology that provides

higher data rates compared to ADSL
• offers faster speeds making it suitable for
bandwidth-intensive applications like video
conferencing and online gaming
Very high-
bit-rate
Specification DSL or VDSL
Data Rates:

• Upstream: 1.5 Mbps to 25 Mbps

• Downstream: 13 Mbps to 100 Mbps
Can support Asymmetric and
Transmission:
Symmetric

Range: 500 feet (152.4 m)

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• SDSL replaced HDSL as the single-wire variant

of symmetric DSL.
• It is also called HDSL2 in ANSI.
• It provides T1 speeds (1.54 Mbps) over
distances ranging through 10,000 feet and is,
therefore, mainly intended for corporate
applications Symmetric
Specification
DSL or SDSL
Data Rates: 128 Kbps to 2.048 Mbps
Transmission: Symmetric

Carrierless Amplitude
Phase (CAP) modulation
Line Coding: or
Discrete Multi-Tone
(DMT) modulation
up to 5 kilometers
Loop Length:
(3.1 miles)

• It transfers data much faster than prior DSL

versions making it suitable for corporate LAN
applications.
• provides high-speed data transmission over a
single copper pair
Single-pair,
Specification high-speed
Data Rates:
192 Kbps to 5.7 Mbps or DSL or SHDSL
higher
Transmission: Symmetric

Trellis-Coded Pulse
Amplitude Modulation
Line Coding: (TC-PAM) or Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation
(QAM)
Frequency Bands: 1.1 MHz to 2.3 MHz
up to 5 kilometers
Loop Length:
(3.1 miles)

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• An enhanced version of VDSL that provides

even higher data rates and improved
performance.
• It supports both ADSL and VDSL technologies
on the same line, making it backward Very-high-
compatible with older DSL standards.
bit-rate
Specification
DSL 2 or
Data Rates: VDSL2
• Upstream: 1.5 Mbps to 100 Mbps
• Downstream: 25 Mbps to 300 Mbps
Transmission: Asymmetric and Symmetric

Discrete Multi-Tone
(DMT)
Modulation Schemes: Or Carrierless
Amplitude/Phase
Modulation (CAP)
Forward Error Correction
Error Correction and Coding
(FEC) codes

• A DSL technology designed for ultra-high-

speed broadband access over short distances
• It utilizes higher frequencies and advanced
noise cancellation techniques to achieve data
rates of several hundred megabits per second
(Mbps) up to gigabit speeds.

Specification
G.fast
Data Rates: 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps
Symmetric and
Transmission:
Asymmetric
Frequency Bands: Extend up to 106 MHz or higher

Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)

Modulation Schemes: modulation and Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM).

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Importance of DSL
1. High-speed file downloads
2. The opportunity to have a dedicated line
3. Less dependence on additional cables
4. Cost-effectiveness
5. Greater reliability and transparency
6. Support for security measures
7. Better uptime assurance

Thank you.
Reference: Everything You Must Know About DSL (Digital Subscriber
Line) - Spiceworks

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following statements best describes DSL?
a) A wireless communication technology
b) A fiber-optic internet connection
c) A technology that enables high-speed data transmission over
existing copper telephone lines
d) A satellite-based internet service
2. What does the acronym "DSL" stand for?
a) Digital Signal Link
b) Direct Subscriber Line
c) Digital Subscriber Loop
d) Digital Subscriber Line

Multiple Choice Questions

3. Which of the following is NOT a type of DSL technology?
a) ADSL
b) VDSL
c) HDSL
d) WDSL
4. Which DSL variant offers higher downstream speeds
compared to upstream speeds?
a) ADSL
b) VDSL
c) HDSL
d) SDSL

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Multiple Choice Questions

5. What is the primary advantage of DSL technology?
a) Utilizes fiber-optic cables for high-speed connectivity
b) Requires extensive infrastructure upgrades for deployment
c) Provides symmetric data rates for both upstream and
downstream transmission
d) Utilizes existing copper telephone lines for cost-effective
broadband access

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. When was FDDI it developed?
a) early 2000s
b) late 1980s
c) 1990s
d) early 2010s
2. What type of topology does FDDI use for redundancy and
fault tolerance?
a) Star topology
b) Bus topology
c) Dual-ring topology
d) Mesh topology

Multiple Choice Questions

3. At what data transfer rate does FDDI operate?
a) 1 Mbps
b) 10 Mbps
c) 100 Mbps
d) 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps)
4. Which layers of the OSI model does FDDI operate at?
a) Physical and network layers
b) Data link and transport layers
c) Data link and physical layers
d) Network and transport layer

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Multiple Choice Questions

5. What are some advantages of using FDDI?
a) Low cost and ease of deployment
b) High reliability and fault tolerance
c) Limited network coverage and scalability
d) Low data transfer rate and outdated technology

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does ATM stand for?
A) Asynchronous Transmission Mode
B) Automated Teller Machine
C) Asynchronous Transfer Mode
D) Advanced Traffic Management
2. What does ATM stand for?
A) Asynchronous Transmission Mode
B) Automated Teller Machine
C) Asynchronous Transfer Mode
D) Advanced Traffic Management

Multiple Choice Questions

3. What is the purpose of the ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)?
A) To define the physical layer standards for ATM
B) To encapsulate different data formats into ATM cells
C) To establish virtual circuits between ATM devices
D) To manage congestion within an ATM network
4. Which ATM standard defines the interface between two ATM
switches within the same network?
A) UNI (User Network Interface)
B) NNI (Network Node Interface)
C) PNNI (Private Network-Network Interface)
D) AAL5 (ATM Adaptation Layer 5)

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Multiple Choice Questions

5. What type of traffic management does ATM support?
A) Quality of Service (QoS)
B) Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD)
C) Time-division multiplexing (TDM)
D) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

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