Aim: To identify the acidic and basic radical in the given

sample of salt
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Preliminary examination
a. Note the colour of salt white Zn2+,NH4+,Al3+Pb2+ may
pr
b. Note the odour of salt No odour NH4+,CH3COO-ab
c. Note the solubity of the salt Soluble in water
2. Dry heating test
a. Take a pinch of salt in White residue glows on Al3+ may present
dry test tube and heat. heating
Brown fumes NO3- may pr

b. Perform flame test. No specific

c. Perform charcoal cavity test flameNo bead Pb2+ab
Zn2+Pb2+ab
3. Wet Test for acidic radical
a. salt+dil.H2SO4 No rx in hot and cold CO32-ab
b. salt+conc. H2SO4 Brown fumes NO3-, present

4. Confirmatory test
for acidic radical
a. Salt solution+ AgNO3 No White ppt Cl- ab
b. Salt solution +BaCl2 no white ppt SO42-ab
c. Salt solution + Cu Brown fumes NO3-conf
turnings + conc. H2SO4 +
heat
d. Salt solution +freshly
prepared FeSO4 + conc. Brown ring at the junction of 2 NO3-conf
H2SO4 from the walls of test liquids
tube
 5. Confirmatory test
for basic radical
* Salt solution+ NaOH+ heat no smell of ammonia NH4+ab Zero grp ab
* Salt solution+DilHCl n o white ppt Pb2+ ab 1st grp absent .
*
* Salt solution + dil. HCl no black ppt 2ndgrpabsent,Cu2+ab
+Na2S

* Salt solution + NH4Cl White 3rd grp absent Al3+ may

+NH4OH present
* dissolve the ppt in NaOH
and divide in 2 parts
st
* To 1 part+ NH4Cl and heat
Gelatinous white ppt Al3+conf

* To 2nd part+ blue litmus+

Blue ppt floats Al3+conf
HCl+ NH4OH

Result: The given salt is Al(NO3)3 with acidic radical as NO3- and basic radical as
Al3+
Aim: to identify the acidic and basic radical in the given sample of salt.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Preliminary examination
a. Note the colour of salt White NH4+,Zn2+ Al3+ Mg2+maypr
b. Note the odour of salt No odour NH4+,CH3COO-ab
c. Note the solubility of the salt Soluble in water
2. Dry heating test
a. Take a pinch of salt in Colour of salt yellow when Zn2+may present
dry test tube and heat. hot and white when cold,

b. Perform flame test. No specific flame Pb2+ab

c. Perform charcoal cavity test White incrustations Zn2+may present

3. Wet Test for acidic radical

a. Salt + dil.H2SO4 No rx in hot and cold CO32-ab
b. Salt +conc. H2SO4 No rx Cl- ,NO3-andCH3COO-ab

4. Confirmatory test
foracidic radical
a. Salt solution+ AgNO3 No White ppt Cl- ab
b. Salt solution +BaCl2 White ppt SO42-pr
c. Add dil HCl or HNO3 White ppt remains SO42-conf
undissolved
d. Salt solution
+ lead acetate + acetic acid White ppt SO42-conf
 5. Confirmatory test for
basic radical
* Salt solution+ NaOH+ heat no smell of ammonia NH4+ab Zero grp ab
* Salt solution+DilHCl no white ppt Pb2+ ab 1st grp absent.
* Salt solution + dil. HCl no black ppt 2ndgrp absent,Cu2+ab
+Na2S
* Salt solution + NH4Cl
+NH4OH no ppt 3rd grp absent Fe3+, Al3+absen
* Salt solution + NH4Cl +
NH4OH + Na2S dirty white ppt 4thgrppr,Zn2+maypr
* Dissolve the
ppt in dil.HCl
and divide in 2
parts

* To1st part + NaOH white ppt Zn2+ confirmed

nd
* To 2 part+K4[Fe(CN)6 sky blue ppt Zn2+confirmed

Result: The given salt is ZnSO4 with acidic radical as SO42- and basic radical as
Zn2+
Aim: To identify acidic nd basic radical in the given the
sample of salt.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Preliminary examination
a. Note the colour of salt green Ni2+maypr
b. Note the odour of salt No odour NH4+,CH3COO-ab
c. Note the solubility of the salt Soluble in water
2. Dry heating test
a. Take a pinch of salt in Black residue, Zn2+ may present
dry test tube and heat. colourless gas with pungent Cl- may present
smell
b. Perform flame test. No specific flame Pb2+ab
c. Perform charcoal cavity test No bead Zn2+Pb2+ab

3. Wet Test for acidic radical

a. Salt + dil.H2SO4 No rx in hot and cold CO32-ab
b. Salt + conc. H2SO4 colourless gas with pungent Cl-may pr
smell

4. Confirmatory test for

acidic radical
a. Salt solution+ AgNO3 White ppt Cl-pr
b. saltMnO2+ concH2SO4+ Greenish yellow gas evolved Cl-conf
Heat
c. Bring moist starch iodide Violet spot on paper Cl-conf
paper near the mouth of test
tube
d. Bring rod dipped in NH4OH Dense white fumes Cl-conf
near the mouth of test
tube
 5. Confirmatory test
forbasic radical
* Salt solution+ NaOH + heat no smell of ammonia NH4+ab Zero grp ab
* Salt solution+DilHCl no white ppt Pb2+ ab 1st grp absent.
* Salt solution + dil. HCl no black ppt 2ndgrp absent,Cu2+ab
+Na2S
* Salt solution + NH4Cl
+NH4OH no ppt 3rd grp absent Fe3+, Al3+absent
*
* Salt solution + NH4Cl black ppt
+ NH4OH+Na2S 4thgrp pr,Ni2+may pr
*
* Dissolve the ppt in aqua
regia and add dimethyl pink ppt
glyoxime + NH4OH Ni2+conf

Result: The given salt is NiCl2 with acidic radical as Cl- and basic radical as Ni2+
Aim: To identify the acidic and basic radical in the given
sample of salt.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Preliminary examination
a. Note the colour of salt Rose red Co2+may pr
b. Note the odour of salt No odour NH4+,CH3COO-ab
c. Note the solubility of the salt Soluble in water
2. Dr y heating test
a. Take a pinch of salt in Blue when hot and pink when Co2+may present
dry test tube and heat. cold,
Brown fumes NO3- may present

b. Perform flame test. No specific flame Pb2+ab

c. Perform charcoal cavity test No bead Zn2+Pb2+ab

3. Wet Testforacidicradical
a. Salt + dil.H2SO4 No rx in hot and cold CO32-ab
b. Salt + conc. H2SO4 Brown fumes NO3-may pr

4. Confirmatory test for

acidic radical
a. Salt solution + AgNO3 No White ppt Cl- ab
b. Salt solution + BaCl2 No white ppt SO42-ab
c. Salt solution + No violet colour PO43-ab
Cobalt nitrate
d. Saltsolution + Cu turnings Brown fumes NO3-conf
+ conc.H2SO4 + heat
e. Salt solution + Freshly
prepared FeSO 4+ conc Brown ring at the junction of NO3-conf
H2SO4 from walls of test tube two liquids
 5. Confirmatory test for
basic radical
* Salt solution + NaOH + heat no smell of ammonia NH4+ab Zero grp
* Salt solution + Dil HCl no white ppt abPb2+ ab 1st grp
absent.
* Salt solution + dil. HCl no black ppt 2ndgrpabsent,Cu2+ab
+Na2S
* Salt solution + NH4Cl
+NH4OH no ppt 3rd grp absent Fe3+, Al3+absent

* Salt solution + NH4Cl + black ppt 4thgrp pr, Co2+may pr

NH4OH + Na2S
* dissolve the ppt in aqua
regia and divide in 2 parts Co2+ conf
st
* To 1 part + NH4SCN and blue colour in alcohol layer
add acetone
nd
* To 2 part+ NaNO2 + yellow ppt
acetic acid + NH4OH Co2+conf

Result: The given salt is Co(NO3)2 with acidic radical as NO3- and basic radical as
Co2+
 Aim: To identify the acidic and basic radical in the given
sample of salt.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Preliminary examination
a. Note the colour of salt Light pink Mn2+may pr
b. Note the odour of salt No odour NH4+,CH3COO-ab
c. Note the solubility of the salt Soluble in water
2. Dry heating test
a. Take a pinch of salt in Black residue, Mn2+may present
dry test tube and heat.

b. Perform flame test No specific flame Pb2+ab

c. Perform charcoal cavity test No bead Zn2+Pb2+absent

3. Wet Test for acidic radical

a. Salt + dil.H2SO4 No rx in hot and cold CO32-ab
b. Salt + conc. H2SO4 No rx Cl- ,NO3-andCH3COO-ab

4. Confirmatory test
for acidic radical
a. Salt solution + AgNO3 No White ppt Cl- ab
b. Salt solution + BaCl2 White ppt SO42-pr
c. Add dil HCl or HNO3 White ppt remains SO42-conf
d. Salt solution undissolved
+ lead acetate + acetic acid White ppt SO42-conf
5. Confirmatory test
for basic radical
* Salt solution+ NaOH + heat no smell of ammonia NH4+ab Zero grp ab
* Salt solution + DilHCl no white ppt Pb2+ ab 1st grp absent.
* Salt solution + dil. HCl no black ppt 2ndgrp absent,Cu2+ab
+Na2S
* Salt solution + NH4Cl +
NH4OH no ppt 3rd grp absent Fe3+, Al3+absent
* Salt solution + NH4Cl
+ NH4OH +Na2S Light fleshy ppt 4thgrp pr, Mn2+may pr
*
* Dissolve the ppt in white ppt Mn2+confirmed
dil.HCl and + NaOH

Result: The given salt is MnSO4 with acidic radical as SO42- and basic radical as
Mn2+
Aim: To identify the acidic and basic radical in the given
sample of salt.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Preliminary examination
a. Note the colour of salt White Zn2+ Pb2+ NH4+may pr
b. Note the odour of salt No odour NH4+,CH3COO-ab
c. Note the solubility of the salt Soluble in water
2. Dry heating test
a. Take a pinchof salt in dry White residue glows on Mg2+may present
test tube and heat. heating

b. Perform flame test with

No specific flame
Pb2+ab
c. Perform charcoal cavity No bead
test Zn2+Pb2+absent
3. WetTestforacidicradical
a. salt+dil.H2SO4 No rx in hot and CO32-ab
b. salt+conc. H2SO4 coldNorx Cl- ,NO3-andCH3COO-ab

4. Confirmatory test
for acidic radical
a. Salt solution + AgNO3 No White ppt Cl- ab
b. Salt solution + BaCl2 White ppt SO42-pr
c. Add dil HCl or HNO3 White ppt remains SO42-conf
undissolved
d. Salt solution
+ leadacetate + aceticacid White ppt SO42-conf
 5. Confirmatory test
forbasic radical
* Salt solution+ NaOH+ heat no smell of ammonia NH4+ab Zero grp ab
* Salt solution+DilHCl no whit eppt Pb2+ ab 1st grp absent.
* Salt solution + dil. HCl no black ppt 2ndgrp absent,Cu2+ab
+Na2S

* Salt solution + NH4Cl no ppt 3rd grp absent Fe3+, Al3+absen

+NH4OH
* Salt solution + NH4Cl no ppt 4thgrpab, Zn2+may ab
+NH4OH+Na2S
* Salt solution + NH4Cl no ppt 5thgrp absent, Ca2+ ,Ba2+ ab
+NH4OH +Ammonium
carbonate
* Salt solution +
magneson reagent + sky blue 6thgrp present,Mg2+present
NaOH
* ppt
*
* Salt solution + crystals of
cobalt nitrate + dip a piece of
filter paper and burn pink ash Mg2+confirmed
*
* salt solution + Na2HPO4
white ppt Mg2+confirmed
+ NH4OH

Result: The given salt is MgSO4 with acidic radical as SO42- and basic radical as
Mg2+