Scribd
Upload
40 views43 pages

2

Uploaded by

AY-X GaMeR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
40 views43 pages

2

Uploaded by

AY-X GaMeR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43
Quadratic Equations _~ Learning Outcomes “Afr reading this chapter, you will be able to understand Linear Inequations: Range of Quadratic Expressions ‘Method of Solving Linear Equations 2 = Condition of Common Root = Nature of Roots T Theory of Equation | Inequations and Modulus ‘Asatement involving variable(s) and the sign of inequality van, >, & 2 oF S$ is called an inequation. An inequation ‘may contain one or more variables. Also, it may be linear or cguadratic oF cubic ete. (Linear) (Quadratic) (Linear in two variable) lay B¥-2< 0 ip) Wet av t4>0 fo) Qe t5y24 Properties of Inequalities Let x, yand a be real number (a) Addition property: Ifx < y,then s+ a 0, then xa< ya. [fx < y and a <0, then x4 > yo (on property: If x0,then ~ <* «wy Di Ifx aa (cy Transitive property: Ifx-< y and y' 0, then > Types of Intervals 4) Closed interval: Let a and # be two given cal numbers such that a = 2 > ~ () Open interval: If 4 and b are two real numbers such that a< fh, then the set of all real numbers satisfying « {c) Semi-closed or semi-open interval: If¢ and b are ‘wo real numbers such that a 0.and ax + 2 0 are known as linear inequations in one variable For example: 9x ~ 15 >0, 5x- 420, 3x-+2 <0, and 2x ~ 3 SO are linear inequations in one variable Solving Linear Inequations in One Variable Rule 1: Same number may be added to (or subtracted from) both side of an inequation without changing the sgn of inequality Rule 2: Both sides of an inequation can be multiphed (or ivided) by the same positive real number without changing, the sign of inequality. However, the sign of inequality 3s Chapter 2 reversed when both sides ofan imequation are nuabiplied oF divided by a negative numbet Rule Wy be taken to the coher side with its sign changed svithout affecting the sigt ‘of inequality 2 Any tert of an inequation n Absolute Value of a Real Number . we sv whens 20, "he Gmnetiom fa) etme by fa) = Jf 's called the modulus fnnction. 1 is abso called the alwolute value fannction, Solution of Rational Inequalities fix) Let y = 2 be am expresion in x where fs) andl g(s) are polynomials in x. Now, iP it is iven that y > 0 (or < (or or $40), this calls forall the values of for which y satisfies the constramnt following steps This solugion set ean be found by Step 1 Factores) ad.) and yenerate the (x =a)" (x— ay)” alsa)" bem Ot) (e=0,) where ne my coc me Be By by 4, are 1908 of fx) My My Mare natural numbers and 4), are real numbers, Clearly, here 4,. and by, hy. b, are toot of g(x) =H ‘Step 2: Here y vanishes (becomes zero) for 4, ay These points are marked on the dot. They aze solution of y fx) umber line with a blick Irgis) =0, attains an undefined form, hence #0) 'y so b, are excluded from the solution, These points ave marked wath white dots, (= NG # 2) (x 3) + 6) Stop 3: Check the value of y for any real tHhan the right most marked Wi i ponies they poste for all the real nurabery eater that the right most marked ne Stop te ike expen of» artr ehet he pe called simple point and iPthe exponient of a factar is even, then the point is called double poine ber wreater amber on the number fine, rand vice vers, (= N+ 2x = Nw +O) vive) Here, 1, 3,-6, and 7 are simple points and ~2and 0 are double points. Front right to left, beginning abave the number line (i ¥ is ponitive in step 3 otherwise from below the line), a wavy curve should be drawn, which passes through all the marked points so that wen passing through a simple pout, the curve el when passing theough a double 8 on the same side of number line, intersects the number hi point, the curve rem (x =1)(v + 2) = 3) + 6) t(x-7)' ® a7 ponents of (+2) and x the number litte. T the curve does not cross ethod is called wavy curve method. Step 5: The intervals where the curve is above number line, y will be positive and the intervals where the curve is below the n ber line, p will be negative, The appropriate inter- vals are chosen in accordance with the sign of inequality and their uiion represents the solution of inequality, Notes (ay Points where denominator is zeto will never be included in the answer. (lo) I you are asked to find the intervals where fix) 's non-negative or non-positive, then make the intervals closed cotresponding ta the roots ofthe humterator and let ic remain open cortesponding to the roots of denominator. (c) Normally, we cannot eross-multiply in inequal: ities, But we cross multiply if we are sure thit quantity in denominator is always positive (a) Normally, we cannot square in inequalities. But We can square if ve are sure that both sides are hon-negitive fo) We scan owulkiply both sides with a negauve umber by changing the sign of inequality (0) We can auld or subtract equal quantity to both sides of inequalities without changing tie sign of inequality inequalities Involving Modulus Function propertios of Modulus Function [ob |x] 24 a 2a ora Sa, where a is positive. 10) [x] $e=3.0€ (Hu, a), where a is positive fh px] > fe] ata ye 1) fla] = [BLL S Jat bls fal + fo) Wo) [ytyl = Ist + Ly] = ay20 W) be-yl= Isl + [yl ayo ea Find » such that 3 Ixt6<0 solution D=49-72<0 As D< 0, 387 — 7x + 6 will always be posinve, Hence v= @ Ans. exp [x7 ~ x= 6)(s? + 6x) 20 Solution (x= 3oo4 ala +0) 20 Consider E= xix — 3)iv + 00+ HE ~é all ae simple points) S37 Fors 23. g (s-s}o4 Yo 8) = positive Ae Os Hence for a(x = 3)(x + 2)( +) 20 ve (9,6) U2 OY 13 9) Ans. exp Let fix) = e(x-7) lowing inequality (fx) >0 ty e220 fx) <0 ah fy sd Solution Wemuark on the number line eros of the function: 1, ~2, 3. and ~6 (with black circles) and the points of discontinuity oO and 7 (with white circles) isolate the double points: ~2 and and draw the wavy curve: Quadatic Equitiens ~ oy / Qo ON From graph, we get oO) xe Ce, -6) VLU) (0) we Coe, -6}Y (2) U1 3] U0) fo) we (6-2) 2,0) 0, 1) 3.7) dd) we [-6.0) 00, U3, 7) Ans. Solve the inequality ax > a Solution ‘This inequality has the parameter a that ticeds to be inves- tigated further Wa>0, then x>1 Ia, thenx <1 exp Solve: 24.x< 100 when (0) isa natural number Ans. (b) xis an anteger. Solution We are given 24 x < 100) = xe > 6 (0) When ss a natural number, the following values of emake the statement true. 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) When x is an integer, the solutions of the given equations are ...~3,-2, “1,0, 1, 2.3.4 The solution set of the equation is: ee) Solve and graph the solution set of Sy + 6 2 9 and -Sx>-15,re R Ans. Solution Sy 629 and 3x >—15 = x2 Sand -x>-3 os wetland y<3 Combining the solution oot = 3 So, the solution is.x'€ (1, 3). Ans. ———————__—_——___ EEA «> Gum Solve and graph the solution set of =2-< 2x —4 and ~2x + S213xeR Solution ~2< 2-4 = Qw-4>-2 and -2045213 = 2e>2 and -2v 213-5 = 8>1 and 2028 = s>1 and -x24 = oT and xs —4 SP Vand x S$ ore (Am, = 4). (1, 0 NE © = (No value satisties) Solve the following equation: 2(2x + 3) — 10-< 6(x~ 2) ‘Ans. Sotution We have, = 22x43) = 10 6% -2) = Av 46~ 10S 6x~ 12 = 4-4 56x12 = te x5- 1244 (Transposing ~4 to REIS and 6x to LHS} = -2vs-8 = = xed = xe =) Hence, the solution set of the given inequation is [4, «) which can be graphed on real line as shown in Figure. 6 res E=ID Solve the following inequations: ==? Solution | Sx - 2) 308-3), ¥ | 5 + | B 4 ae} e 15 4 (y= 1) > 15x [Multiplying both sides by 4, ie, LOM of 15 and 4) lox = 4> 158 16x 15> 4 [Transposing 15 «to Lis and ~4 to RHS| x4 xe (4) Hence, the solution set of the given inequation i 4, This can be graphed on the real number line as shown figure, An GamoD Solve the following in equations: 5 Solution We have, *s 25 = = = 2et4~5x45, 9 x-1 2. [Muleiplying both se by-t) 3x-9 = ———<.0 x-1 3-9) » = = $0 [Dividing both sides by 3 = > Iaesx<-aorsea xe (dU (H%) = ~~ 8 = (2) [x] ace eS -aorx2s eomD Find » from 1 < |x| <2 and represent it on number line: Solution Le [x] =e |x| > box> bore <-t xe (eI UL) @ also |x| < 29x Qorx>-2 7 x lies between ~2 and 2 = xe(-2,2) Ai) ‘Combining the «wo results, we get 1c [xi <2 [-2exe-Ull5, then x T+a-24x-3265424 Hence x24 eeliv) From (j), (i). (ii), and (iv), the given inequality holds for xSOorx24, ‘Ans (A) Solve for tion (2) [x= 1] 42) S445 fea eass = S|) 22 = Ix-1]S20 = -2ex-152 = “18x53 3 xe FI,3] Know Your Progre: 428 24283 69 vet (r= Dr +2F 24 =I-x xt - 2x7 0350 «is) Case 12 Given inequation willbe saisted ory such that Steg = xt+2 (Note: {1} is notin domain of LHS) KEEL AMA (y on solving we get on solving we get FE CRAY) E20 UL, 5, taking intersection with (i), we get xe (~) fill) xg Hence, solution of the original in equation: x ¢ (C2,%) =[1} (aking union of (1) and (11) Ang, Example 18 The equation | x | + longs to (a) (0} ic) Solution + is ue oar [. re (FU (0) Ans. (4, B) atl «1 (wy Equation 4 polynomial of degree two of the form P(x) = ax? + bx + ida # 0) is called a quadratic expression in variable x, and Pfs) = is known as a quadratic equation. “The general form of a quadratic equation is ax? + bx + (£0, where a, b, ¢are real numbers and a # 0. Roots of a Quadratic Equation ‘The value of x which satisfies the given quadratic equation is known as its root. The roots of the given equation are inown as its solunon. Methods of Solving a Quadratic Equation Factorization Method Step 1: Factorize the constant term of the given quadratic equation Step 2: Express the coefficient of middle term as the sum or difference of the factors obtained in step 1 ‘Clearly, the product of these two factors will be equal (o the product of the coefficient of x7 and the constant term. Step 3: Split the middle term in two parts obtained in sep 2. Step 4: Factorize the quadratic equation obtained in step 3 Quinte Equxion, a, 324 gg Bi -xn4 , (x +2)" -2e+) 44 axn a v (x 3x4) -4 ay, HEDA=ME=D, (x 2)004 e+?) 21. (9? = 2n)2x-2)-9 SS Completing the Square Method Step 1: Let the quadratic equation be azo Step 2: Make the coefficient of x7 unity, ft is not unity =0 4 Le, obtain x? + x Step 3: Shift the constant term ~ on R.HS. to get ry beet # 4 txa-t Step 4: Add square of half ofthe coefficient of xe (3) ‘on both sides to obtain (eh) 2f2 le+{—] = 2a "(2a Step 5: Write L.HLS. as the perfect square of a binomial expression and simplify RLH.S., to get ~ Chapter 2 tis also known as Quadratic Hence, the roo and A quadrane of "8° which may att bvecn ing Formula, "8 of the quadratic equation aa w+ be c= 0 are: cee AEN = tar 2a A av = 40 ‘quation is satisfied by exactly two values be real or imaginary. The equation A quadratic equation if a # 0, [Two roots} Alincar equation if4= 0,420. {One soot) A contradiction ifa=h='0,¢20. [No root] An identity if a = 0, [Infinite roots] A awadratic equation cannot have more than two {efollows fom the above satement that ifs quadratic 2x + Ie 544 = 4x 27220 = 24 [x= 1G 272= 00 Quadratic Equations = xx 17) = 16( + 17) = = (e~ 10x + 17) = 0. Here, x= 16 or x = ~17, But, x isa positive integer. There 6, Hence, two consec~ fore, reject x = ~17 and take x itive positive integers are 16 and (16+ 1), i.e., 16 and 17 Ans. en The sum of two numbers is 48 and its product is 432, Find the numbers. Solution Let the two numbers be x and 48 ~ x so that their sum 48, It is given that the product of the two numbers 432 Hence, we have 32 x(48-a)= Aix F- 432=0 se 484+ 43250 = Sox ~ 12x +432 x(x — 36) ~ 1260 36) (w= 36)(e = 12) =0 vugad 1. Bither »~ 36 = > =36orx—12=0-9x=12 é. When one number is 12 another number is 48 ~ 12 and when one number is 36, another mumber is 48 ~ 12, | GI 1 out of a group of swans, 7 simes the square root of the total number are playing on the shore of a tank, The two remaining ones are playing, in deep water. What isthe total number of swans? Solution Let us denote the number of swans by x. ‘Then, the number of swans playing on the shore of the 2 tank ‘There are Oo remaining swans Rian ae Therefore, Naas sw ETA = ae “O54 1680 oy 4nd ye 20 FAME 16 e120 oy = 16) e-D=0 This gives ¥= 16 rye! 4 LOA Ci Ls Ls eed Sly the flowing quadratic equation by factorization | method: <3 + 2a 4 a? B= Solve: 937 ~ any 4 25 Solve the following quadratic equation by completing the square method: 2494-4 1=0 1 +o, 2x43 w= 32043) (Sk + Hv differ by unity then | find the values of &. Find the roots of equation 932 — 9 (a+b) x-+ 2a + Sah +2P=0 ath a+r 33 +2h + D) None of these | © Find the rots of the following equation (x ~ 3)(x — 4) 98 133 33° 33 " IL = + and take x= 16, We reject x= Hence, the total number of swans i 16 hy F-4,e-b ay Solve the equation for x: P48 5 it iB) 0, (A) Oa-b (©) Ot (D) a+b2 How many values of x are there which satis tion: AFaxn6 -24 20 VF esi ney (Ay 2 (By 3 «© 4 m5 Solve for x: 3**2 +3" = 10 (A) 20 @) 0.3 (c) 2-1 (D) -20 How many real solutions are thete for equine (+ Nlw + 2x + 3) + 4) = 24 2 (B) 3 © 4 ) § aso noe 1 (2+ v3) +(2-y3)" et 4s equal o: (ay 0 yt (Cc) 2 (D) both (A) and (C) Find the harmonic mean of the ros [+2)s° (a4 Bex (vB eva) =0 fA) 2 (By 22 «© 2 ma Solve the equation for x: 1 1 3. % 2 @-Nix-2)" G23) Roan w (A) 4 (B) () ~4,9 Relation Between Roats and Coefficients tFreots of quadratic equation ax? + hy + ¢= 0 (a # 0) ate and Bthen, eee oo sty (ASP } Jews Some more relation between a and fj Note Students are advised to prove all these formulas (a B) = las BP ~ sap = +b a+ Byla+ By ~ 408 ob? = ac (a+ py’ ~ ofa B) bb" — Bac) R + = 0 a —p =(a—B) + 3afa-B) = via py - 4aB (a+ BY - 4) _ (HF = seb? = dae foci) nb? = adi +n)? which one root is m times of another. Theory of Equations and Nature of Roots Way, a, a, ..... are the roots of the equation Past tae payee od, et a= 0 where dye dys dy. d, ae all rea, 4, #0 then fis) aa taht et ch A, w= a) (x a) (x) (x safe’ x1 Bay) +x" aya) + +1)" aay, 4, Now comparing the coefficients from above identity ‘we get ta=- 2. [Sum of roots taken one 0 at aume} Layo, = [Sum of roos taken two ” at a Gime] Ea,aqa,=-*,.. [Sum of roots taken three “ ata time] Ne,ac, = 1)" “+ [Product of ro08] 4 eg, Ia, A, Yare the roots of ax! + bx? + ox + d= O then, b ‘ a+ B+ y=—*, y+ wes aB= d and apy n of an Equation with Given Roots A quadranc equation whose mots are a and B is given by @-ae~B=0 Aue * ax px + af=0 (a+ Bx+ap=o ie. ~ (um of ron)s + product of roots = 0 Equation in Terms of the Roots of Another Equation (Transformation of Roots) Tha Bare ro08 of the equation ax? + bx + ¢=0, then the equation whose roots are (9 -@ fix abe te=0 (replace x by =x) a VB 2 thx ta=0 (replace x by 1/x) (Oat By ne N= asl? + 660! + = 0 (replace x by x! (8) key k= ax? + kh + c= 0 (replace x by x/) (e+ mk + B= ale 2+ eh) +00 2B oe Rast hte tea 0 (replace x by kx) ra a ne N= ale + er) Hem 0 (replace x by x") Note © This method can also be applied to higher degree equations © This method i used when roots of required equa- ton are symmetric Newton's Theorem: [Relationship between Sum of Powers of Roots and Coefficients of | Polynomial] Ifa, @, @ ae Px Pte +P, 4G, are r00ts of equation: where S, =a) +a} +a5...0! then St SP, + SP: SP ate PO ifrsn SP, SSP, + Sa? fron emp a+ Bt a+ Pepa? ae pey=3 Find a+ BY + Y=? Solution Let ey Piand rare roots of equation: + Pye PtP, S=2, Sy=3, =P, =at Bt y= p=-l 5, +5,P, + 2P,=0 =P, +3P,=0 + (EN + 2P,=0 + SP, +S) 3+ QC) + w(-4) +38,=0 1 ars S,4 SP, + SP, + SPy= 1 1)_ SFO + a(-3) +0) (-2) =0 Calculate the sum of cubes of roots of equation: x! + 2x-+ ah Solution t+ Pe + Pat + Px t P,=0 P, P,=0, Py=2, S\=@+ B+ P+ =? = S\+ SP, + 5,P,+3P,=0 Sy + S,)+ S\(0) + 32) =0 S\=-6 qa, Be the mots of x7 + peg =O and x She the mots 2. = (a-y)ia~5) ett 120, then IVa 8) _ it (B= (8-8) v4 1) g cr D) fer Now: (= 9 (€= 5 = P= a (7+ 5) + 76 =@-aa+ ptr =~ abr =-(atreqtr By symmetry of the results, B- nB-5)=qtr Hence, the rato 1s 1 eam lian q and see gare the root of the quadratic equation ‘Ans (A) «6 D) ee aa at thx tes equation has two roots tan g, sec q Then, atantg + btang +¢=0 Ai) asectg + hsecg +0= 0 Ci) b = seg + tang=- > i qt tang =~ > ai) seoqun g= (seeg— tang)® = (seg + tang)? ~ 4 seeg tang hac (seeq tang) = ov) Quadratic Equations multiplying eq. (id) and (ay), we get ‘Ans (A) If at, Bare the roots of x2 + ax +b = 0, find the equanon for which a? + Band ar? + Bare the roots Solution (a+ y-2ap= 2 -2b +6 a-2 ats pe Required equation is w= SetP=0 sfoe aye => rt — xf ba? — 2b) +o? — 26) + (@ — 26)? = 0 Ans. Ifa, Bate the rots of a quadratic equation = 3+ then the equation whose roots are (a? — 30+ 7) and (B? - 38 +7) is (A) tt dx t=O (B) ade (C) = 4y-1=0 (D) 42643 Solution Since @% Pare the roots of equation x ~ 3x-+ So a@?-3a+5=0 B -3p+ a @ -3a= BH 3p in (a? — 3a +7) and (B38 +7) wo S47, 547 2 2and 2 are the roots mE Chapter 2 . 1 +. The required equation is = a-56 Ba dytaco Ans. (B) it f Example 32) Hence, roots of equation = > ‘Am, Warand Bare the roots of ax? + hy + ¢=0, find the value of (001+ by + (aB+ Hy? emp Solution thax ph yare the roots of =~ pr? + 4x = 0, Find ian Take b== (a+ Pa linge n+ Bly a+ 7? (asp) (oct 8) + (af by? —_— ‘We know that a+ B+ =P a+ By+ ya=q apy=" © @+ p+ P= 3afy+ (at B+ Al(at B+ ye 3(@B + By+ 709) Ifowo ros of 43° + 20s? — 235 +6 = 0 are equal, find all = 3r+ ply? — 34) = 31+ 35g oss pens Plat y+ Plat B ‘alution =a°t{p- a+ P~-B)+Pe-n Let roots be a, and 6. = pla? + B+ 7) — Ir P+ 39g =3r- p+ 3pq=pa-3r . éGasip = p29) -3r- p+ 3pq=py—3r Ans, © wat af+ of Ig, r,s are positive, show that the equation f (x) = x + gx? + m—5=0 has one positive, one negative, and ewo imag. inary roots. Solution from equation (i) Product = -s< 0 b 8 @+2a(-5-29=-3 5 &-wa-se=- 2 lerroos be a, Bur. 4 45 apyS<0 > 12a? + 40@- 23 =0 this is possible when. a) “one root is negative and three are positive ante & ‘Idee roots are negative and one is positive ‘one root negative, one positive and two roots imag- when t inary. 2 S (x) Bx4 + gt t me —s As there is one change of sign, the equation has at most one Positive root Ja) Sx + gst = xs Again there is only one change of sign, the equation has st most only one negative root. 50 (i), (ii) are not possible Hence, there is only one negative root, one positive Toot, and Ewo imaginary roots sree 1008s of ax? + by + ¢= O are @and B, then find the {quan WhOSE FOOtS are: -2 -2 OTE a 8B ati B+i oe B solution Oy = of 2by+4a=0 required equation is ?—2bx+4a=0 Ans. ») Gar Bet = (ate by? + (-2e4 by te=0 Ans. Required equation is (a+ ¢— Wx? + (b= 29x + c= 2B put y=a? a= Jy ay+b fy +e=0 Bysatp te +2ay = af + Qu-B)yt2=0 Required equation is #3? + Qac~#) x+ 2 = Ans. Wthe roots of ax? + bx? + or + d= 0 are a B, % then find raid ‘quation whose roots are —=, 5, ap’ By’ ye Quadratic Equations TINE Solution Put y= = (yb Required equation is dx° ~ bdx? + ace — @ = 0 If cy, are the roots of x + px + q=0, and y Bare the roots of 2 + w+ s=0, evaluate (@- Y(a— 8(B- NB 4). In terms of p, q, and s. Deduce the condition that the equa- tions have a common root. Solution @, Bare the roots of 2 + px+q=0 a+ B=-p, oB=4 evce(l) and 7, Bare the roots of 37 + 10+ “ y+ 8=-1, = Now, (a- n(a- 5(B- NB- 6) 2) = |? - any 8) + 78] [6° - Aer 5) + 781 = (a2 +104) (B+ B+) = a? +afla+ B) + Pap + sa? + B+ sat Pte = a8? + raat B) + PaB+ s((a+ BP - 2a) + sat P+? =P part Pg t slp? — 29) +51 op) +% =(q- 9 — at Pq + sp ps =(q-5?-mp-N + 90-9) = 4-9 + 0-9 -m) = yor B= 6) oo.) then (a- nla- d(B- NB-9=0 a) from (3) and (4), we get G- 9+ Aep-m)=0 = G-F = @- aa Ph which is the required condition. Ans. For a common root (Let Know Your Progres: 1 Ifa, Bare the roots of tax + 1=Oand % Bare rool! bx +1 = 0, find the value of (6 ayd- B) (y- or- B) Ay (at cm @- bP wo @ +P) wy @- b. Heg Be the ron of x? + px~ 4= and F She the ogi (a-na-d) ge of x? + prt r= then SDE = ani ” B-nb-) 1 w) ¢ wate t+ be = 0, find the a) or 4 Given that @, Bare the roots of value of (a+ Wy? + B+ 87. wae wo (by None of these 4. That Bare the roos of x2 +x-+1=Oand % bare the roots of 7 + 34+ 1 = 0, then (a HB+ ar NB-N= a2 we ic) 6 «wy 8 5, a Bare the roots of x? + ax + 1 =Oand J Bare roots ‘of x° + bx + 1=0. Find the value of (y- a- B+ dys as P+ 8) way ete (By @-F (cy a+b (D) B-@ 5. Hethe roots of the equation pr? + qx + r= U are in the ratio fm, then: (ay (C4 mpg = Cm as) (CF ni? pr ng iC) (E+ mi2pr tmg? (1) None of these 5. Ifthe roots of ax? + by + # = 0 are in the ratio m1, tend te vate of (+ FE bow D) ~¥y 10. _ Given that @ Bare the roots of fx? + mix + roots of pes + 1) \e wet js equal 0 + 2pte a ay (ny None of these sre the voor of 2 + bE AC O and 1 and. 5, = 72 + tes then the «© Ura) (1) None of these Ifa, Bare the roots oft then the value of (a? /B) he equation 8x2 - 3x +27=0, + (BV ap"] is (ay 13 (By V4 15 (Dp) 46 If @, Bbe the roots of the equation x - 2x 4+3=0, 1 1 then the equation whose roots are —> and 7 is: a B (ay 242e41= 0 (B) 9242+ (C) 92 = 28+ (D) 9x2 + 2x the equation with roots (a — 8)? and (@ + By (A) O22 = 208 (un? 2nf)x + mP (m2 + dnl) (iB) x? = 207 (1? = 2nf)x + mP(m? — dnl) (C) Ox? + 20 (m? - 2nb)x + P(e? + dnt) (D) Gx? = 267 (i? + nlx + mP2(m? + 4nl) A quadratic equation the product of whose ros x, and x, is equal to 4 and satisfying the relation cae tl = 2,18 yo (tan day atm dewdne ” 0 (D) #+4x44=0 pe ee le nature of Roots rhe term B? ~ dac is called discriminant of the equation Iis denoted by A or D. se 1: Suppose a, he Rand a#0 then WED > 0-=9 roots are real and unequal (ii) ED = 0 = roots are real and equal and each equal to -b/2a (ii) ED < 0 = roots are imaginary and unequal or complex conjugate feet beacon etre) oo winimay : Quadratic Es i.e, if one root is, a= x + fy then the other root will be B= x~ iy Case 2: Suppose a, fy c= Q,a#0 then () D> Oand Disa perfect square = roots are unequal and rational (ii) FD > O and Dis not a perfect square = roots are irrational and unequal and occurs in conjugate pairs, i... ifone root is, «= x+ fy then the other root will be B= x — Jy where x, ye Q C y pu hu. Sine (Minina) 3 LEN oy \ | [ti (Minirray\ | \ + : ¢ a Roots Under Particular Cases For the quadratic equation ax? + bx + ¢= 0. If b = 0 = roots are of equal magnitude but of opposite sign. 0) If €= 0 => one root is zero and the other root is - bla. (©) Ifb=¢=0 = both roots are zero. If a= c= roots are reciprocal to each other. If sign of a# sign of c= both roots ate of opposite signs. (0) Ifsign of a = sign of b= sign of c= both roots are negative. (Of sign of a = sign of ¢ # sign of b => both roots are positive. () If-sign of a = sign of b # sign of ¢ = greater root in magnitude is negative. (i) Ifsign of b= sign of c# sign of a = Greater root in magnitude is positive. Ifa +b + c= 0 =9 one root is 1 and second root is ca Ifa =0 then equation will become an iden- tity and will be satisfied by every value of x i th) Condition for Common Roots and ay? + Let quadratic equations are a,x? + b,x +4 | iste=o (©) Ionly one root is common: = —#_._1_ Ta Be aby ~ aah 2 (b) Ifboth roots are common’ A by 2. The condition for only one root common is be dybs (ty = 6)? = ye. - 4b) Note ‘Two different quadratic equations with rational coeffi cients cannot have single common root, which is com= plex or irrational, as imaginary and surd roots always ‘occur in conjugate pairs, Chapter 2 Gump Show that the wots of 32 — are rational Dax ta = Solution When the roots of a quadrane equation are rational, then the discriminant ts a perfect square. The discriminant for Dax + A =I SF =O ig 2a)? — 4 N}la? IP - 2be = 48 —4@—B-2k-2) S4[e e+ P+ 2k+e} = 4B + 2h +2) =4b+ 0%, which is perfect square. Hence, the roots are rational ‘Ans. Ife, & ce Rand equations ax? + by += Oand x + 2x49 =O have a common root, then show that a:B:¢=1:2:9 x42e+9=0 “ 92 + bx +c=0 esse) Cleatiy, roots of equation () are imaginary (as D <0) Since equation (j) and (i) have a common root, there- fore common root must be imaginary and hence bath roots swill be common (since imaginary roots occur in conjugate pairs), therefore eq. (i) and (u) are identical. Ife + 2x += 0 and 2 + 4x5 =O have a common root, then the value of '¢ is 3 (B) 3 (D) =5 Solution Let @ be the common roor, then it must satisfy both the equations: sell) @+4a-5=0 2) @+2at+6=0 Aliter: Put x =-5 or xe in first equation to get value of By cross multiplication. wo as 4 10-4 Gu) By (i) and (i) By (u) and (Gi) from (4) and (5) oes = —20-8e= (+5)? = = 20-8e=2 +104 25 = 2418445 =0 = de+ 15) +3 (c+ 15) =0 = (e+ 15) (+3) So, -=- 1S ore=—3 Ans. (B) exp Determine the nature of roots of the equation px” + 2./py xtq=0 #0) (A) Imaginary and Ungual roots (B) Rational and Equal roots (©) Real and and Unqual roots (D) None of these Solution px t2pq xt q=0 a=pb=2J)pq.c=4 D=#—4a= (2Vpq) —4xpx4 D=0 Since D=0 Hence, roots are real and equal Ans. (D) emmp Show that che equation roots forall real valucs of a Fay — 4 = 0) has real and distinct Solution The given equation 1 Stax-4=0 The discriminant of the given equation is given by D=#-4x C4 =2416 Cleatly, D= 4? + 16 > 0 forall ae R. Hence, the given equation has real and distinct roots. ‘Ans. Ip q. rare real and p + q, then show that the wots of the equation (p ~ g)a° + 5(p + g)x ~ 2(p — q) = 0 are real and unequal Solution The given equation is ax" + 5p +gx— 2g =0 Hence a= p~q. (p + q) and (9 = = tac = 25(p + 9)? — 4-9) x 20-9) = D=25p+ 9° + 89-9" Clessly, 25(p + 9)? > 0 and 8(p — q)? > 0 D=25 (pt q+ 8p-grP>0 Hence, rots of the given equation are real and uriequil Ans. Find the values of & for which the equation x7 + Ske + 16= 0 has no real roots. Solution The given equation is <2 + 5k + 16 = Here, a= 1, b= Sk and e= 16 D= WP — sac= (5h)? —4 1x 16 = 2547 — 64 The given equation will have no real roots, if D<0 = oreo = Jeo = b= F 0 = 64) 0 Hfl6— P+ 64) >0 => 1) 20-3 FOr 100 = set <0 > <8 Hence, the roots of the given equation are real wf hes id 8 Ans, between Gump id all the integral values of a for which the quadratic equation (x ~ a)(x~ 10) +1 = 0 has integral roots Solution Here, the equation is x? — (a + 10)x + 10a + 1 = 0. Since integral roots will means D should be a perfect square, From (i) D= «? ~ 20a + 96. = D=(@-107-4 = 4=(@-10%-D If Dis a perfect square it means we want difference of two perfect square as 4 which is possible only when (a— 10)? = 4and D=0. = (2-1) =#2 = « Ans. Tn equation has in may 4 = TF has roots equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, then the value of kis— a+b =~) A) = a orb fat f-1 © > ©) 5 Solution Let the roots are a and — a. Given equation is (2 = br)(k + 1) = (k= Dax 9 {Considering, x # c/a and k#—1} = Pk +1) —bx(k+ 1) = ax(k— 1) - ee 1) => (b+ 1) — bx(le + 1) — ax(k- 1) + dk 1) =0 Now sum of roots = 0 (v @-a=0) ab ik +1) +a(k—-1)=0-9 k= Ams. B) Ifthe equation (2? — 5+ 6)x? + (2? 30+ 2)x+ (2-4) = 0 has more than two roots, then find the value of A? Solution ‘As the equation has more than wo roots, s0 it becomes an identity. Hence, Bu-shtos0 = A=23 and pa-sat2=0 = ARL2 and B-4s0 = So A=? Ans. Tremors ofthe equation (@= BY? + (= Ax4(b— gay, equal then a, b care in Se AP oy HP SGP. (D) none of thee Solution (0- be + (c= x + 6-9 = As roots are equal so B-4AC=0 = (c-@? — 4(a-b) (6-9 =0 = (c- a — 4ab + 4 + 4ac— 4be=0 = (c— a? + 4ac— 4b(c+ a) +487 = 0 = (c+ a)? —2-(2b)(¢ + a) + (2)? =0 = [e+ a— 26 =0 = cta-2b=0 + c+a=2b Hence a, b care in AP. Alternative method: +s Sum of the coefficients = 0 Hence, one root is 1 and other root is Given that both roots are equal, so > = Hence a, 6 care in AP. Ans. (8) CME The equations 532 + 12x + 13 = 0 and ax? + by +6 (a, b, C€ R) have a common root, where a, b care the de of the AABC. Then find ZC. (ay 45° «py 60° (Cc) 90° (p) 30° Solution ‘As we can see discriminant of the equation 5x7 + 128+ 13 = 0 is negative so roots of the equation are imagitt 0 this equation can not have single common roots wit any oe equation having real coefficients. So boch roots are comm" of the given equations We know that imaginary roots aways occurs in pai 5 = 4b, forms pythagoras triplet £C= 90° en Find the values of a for which the expression assumes all real values for real values of &, Solution 2 (a+ 4y) + 3(1 = ys = 4 + ay) = 0 lve R.D20 = 91 = y+ Hae 44 + ay) 20 > (9+ 16a)y? + (4a? + 46yy + (9 + 164) 20 forall ye R, (9+ 16a) > 0 and DSO 4a + 46) — 40 + 160) (9 + 164) <0 = A(@ 8a +7) (@ + 8a+ 16) 0 = @-Bo+7 S09 15057 9+ loa>Oand 1 |a|, where @ Bare roots of f (x) = 0. Tex? + be += 0 and 2x7 + 99-410 = common, then find b and « have both roots 800 fx? = 7+ 105 0 and a? — 5x4 ¢= 0 have a common, root, find ¢ The roots of x? — x + 4? = 0 are not real. Find k wa (DP) None of these For how many positive integers between 1 co 100 expression 37 + 3° — m can be factorize into two linear factors with integer coefficient ~ a7 B) 8 © 9 (D) None of these 13. The roots of ax? + aba = Ha, 6 O are: (AL equal (18) non real (C) unequal (D) none of these |The number of integral values of ‘less than 5 thatthe roots ofthe quadratic equation m+ (29 “1 a (= 2) 20 are rational, are (A) « (By 7 i 5 (D) None of these If and B are the roots of the equation ac? + 5, , then (1+ a+ @) (1+ B+ B?) where (asp 4” 0 (B) positive (D) none of these ¢ “ © Irthe roots of the equation (2° +) =~ 2a + yy, (2+) =0 are equal, then: negative 16, ta, a $54 ) (©) ab=ed (D) @+P=248 17. Which of the following quadratic expression can be expressed as a product of real factors? (Ay = axt3 (By) 3x2- 2x43 (Cc) 2243-4 (D) 23x43 18. The quadratic in ¢, such that A.M. of its roots is 4 and GM. is G, is (A) 2-24t+G?=0 (B) P-2At-G=0 (C) P+2A0+ G2=0(D) None of these 19. For what values of ‘a’, the equations 1998x° + ax = 8991 =0, and 899132 + ax +1998 = 0 have a common root (a) + 10989 (By) 1 «0 (D) None of these IE afb — dx? + We= ax + cla — b) = 0 has equal ros, find the relation among a, b, and c. (A) AP (B) GP (cy HP (D) None of these HAAS Maximum and Minimum Value of Quadrat n Range of Quadratic Expression ax $+ bx te We a > 0, quadratic expression has least value at + this lease value s given by 2a (b) Ifa < 0, quadratic expression has greatest value a é This greatest value is given by 2D 4a a Range of an Algebraic Expression Let byte To find the range of the given expression, we first solve it for S0y= 4) + gy + (y-9 =0 @ For real value of x, D of (2) should be greater than or equal to zero D=(ay~¥?—AQy-ay-920 ‘Those values of y which will satisfy (3) are called range of she fanction. oe . some Results to Remember ) ax b> 0 = x>b/aifa>Oand © 4>Oand x < b/aifa0=x<~a0rx>a a S-@ 20 xS-aorxza Wi) eo @<0m-acxca (x-4) (8) >0, ache vcaorx>b w) (ay BT MG“D 0, the minimum value of ax? + bx + cis camp fy be real, find the maximum value of xt? Int + Bato Solution Let y= 2x? 43x46 then, 2x2y + By ~ Dx + 6y— for x ta be real, (3y ~ 1)? ~ 8y(6y — 2) 2.0 or (1+ 139(1 — 3) 20 or (13y +By- 1) $0 Putting each factor equal to zero, we get a1 BS Quidrtic Bquitom perpen a1 = (i+ 1c = 39) <0 Ta it a - 3 <0 aA 1 I, Ec ye x. (1+ 13ylt ~ 3y) > 0 M, Fy <7 51h 13nd — 39 28 1+ 13) -3).<0 1 hy m3 tot ‘Thus, y will lie between - and ~ 3 3 1 Hence, the maximum value of y is 5 and minimum Ans. BD ce expresion x2 + 2hx +c will be positive for all real x if Ra 4c>0 P-4<0 “~ (ay wo &< wy) P< Solution ‘As a > 0, s0 this expression wil be positive if D <0 ~4<0 Pec Ans. (D) Fan vate ofthe exreion 42+ 26+ 1 is- vr 12 a (B) « wo) Solution ‘Since a = 4 > 0, therefore its minimum value is = 44()- 2" _ 16-4 A =@V a4 _ Ans. (C) 4a) 16 2 GE _ 5, chen in the range of y when »xeR i XE 031 ) 652,01 Solution ‘We know that minimum value of y will oceur at Youn =~ MEE, Chap? a \ | i \ds / * a XE R vet) iy XE 0.3) AO) = 3, A) = 4, 3) = 0 . £3) > RO) Sy Will ake all che values from minimum t0 3) ye (4.0) Gi € [-2, 0) This interval does not contain the minimum value of yforx ER. y Will take values from f(0) to f(-2) KO) Se2) Ans. ye 3.5) .-a) exp For x € R, find the set of values attainable by +4 = 1) + 3x +1) 44-1) =0 Case 1: y#! Fory Labove equation i quadratic equation So forxe R,D20 oy +)? = 16ly = 120 > = Typ - 50y +750 = (y-Dy-7S0 1 tal-u : re[ba]-mn Case 2: when y=! i= Bete = xt axed = wt Bet 4a —3x44 = x=0 Hence y = 1 for real value of x. met [57 . (ame 4, bd @ R, then prove that wx + be +d =0 has exactly one real root. Solution Let @ B, be the roots of ax? + bx? + ex + d=0 ‘Then a+pry--* = a+ B+ PP <0, which is not possible ifall og Band are real. So atleast « ‘ot is non-real, but complex roots occurs in pair, Hence s en cubic equation has two non-real and one real roots. 4 Go) YES +2042 db) Y= 487 = 16x 415 For following graphs of y = ax? + by + ¢ with a, by ce R, comment on the sign of (a Gib (i) © (wD ©) a+p (iva a y aT 2 @ BY Quadratic Equations 7 “7 11, Given the roots of equation ax? + be + ¢= 0 are real and distinct, where a, b, ce R°, then the vertex of the graph will lie in which quadrant. fx —4 4, Prove that the expression — ‘cannot have val- x+2x—1 tues between 2 and 4, in its domain, st 42e41 5, Find the ange of 5 *2**" where xis ral 3+ 2x 47 Miscellaneous Equations Miscellaneous equations will be deal with following exam- ples and theory: eamD Solve (x ~ 5)(x—7)(x-+ 6)(x +4) = 504. Solution We have (x* — x ~ 20) (x7 — x= 42) = 504; ‘Which, being arranged as a quadratic in x? (3? =x)? — 62a? — x) +336 =0; (x? —x-6) (x? —x-56) = “i xP =x -6=0, or =x -56= 05 whence x 27. enmD Solve a? — 5+ 2NK? = 5x43 = 12 Solution Add 3to cach side then x? —5x+34 2Vx4 ~5x 43 = 15. Ponting vs? -5x +3 = we obtain y? + whence y= 3or—5. Thus, yx 5x43 =43 or Vx? -5x+3 = -5. Squaring, and solving the resulting quadratics, we ob- tain from the first x=6 or —1; and from the second vii3 2 x . The first pair of values satisfies the given equation, but the second pair satisfies the equation. xt =x 2Nx? —Sy 43 = 12, Before clearing an equations of radicals it is advisable 0 ‘examine whether any common factor can be remove by vision Ans. Example 65: Solve Ya? Tax 104? ~ Vx? + ax ~ 607 Solution a) (w= Ba) ~ yw — 20) (+30) a can now be removed from every We have ix The fretor Vx term 7 Ve —Sa~ V3 MEA Canc? *~ Sax 430 2Yf—5ay (ead = x—2t x= Vx" ~ day = 150°: Say — 6004" = 0); 10a (864) (3x4 10a) = 2; x = 6a, of 3 Abo by equating to zero the factor JE=2a, we obtain On ial it will be found that y= 6a does not satisfy the equations: thus the wots are ~!0% and 24. The student ‘may compare a similar questions discussed in the Elementa~ Ty algebra, Art 281. The following artifice is sometimes use eamp Solve V3x7 —4y+344-V3e —4y—11=9 “ Solution ‘We have identically. Ans. (3x? -4x 424) (3; 4x-1)= @ Divide cach member of (2) by the corresponding member of (1): chus v7 +34 —V3x? 4-115 -Q) Now (2) is an identical equation true for all values of x, whereas (1) is an equations, which is true only for certain values of x; hence abo equations (3) is only true for these values of x From (1) and (3) by addition, Y3x" — 4x-+34 = 7; x=3, or -2 Whence The solution of an equation of the form ax! thx’ ta° the ta=0, in which the coefficients of terms equidistant from the be- ginning and end are equal, can be made to depend on the solution of quadratic. Equations of this type are known as reciprocal equations, and are some named because they are not altered when x ic changed into its reciprocal. ©. For 4 more complete discussion of reeiprocal equations, the stu- dent is referred to Art, 568-570, ‘Ane a) + 89x? — 56x +12 = 0, Solve 12%’ Solution \l rearranging, FSC By solving these equations, we find that x = When one root of a quadratic equation 18 obviow inspection, the other root my often by readily obtainej, making use of the properties ofthe roots of quadeic a. sions proved in Art. 114 An Solve (1—a") (x +a) —2a(1 -x7)=0. This is a quadratic, one of whose roots is clearly « Also, since the equation may be written 2ax? + (1a? )x ~a(1 +a") res the product of the roots is ~ product ofthe roots is —4 : 2 2a We shall now discuss some simultaneous equa two unknown quantities, a GmmD Solve x+24y 434 sand therefore the otha root is (#2) +43) Hw HD) Solution Puc e+ 2= wand y4+3= v; then Wt vs Jv =o», ! We vh e741, 2) Hence . from (1) and (2), we obtain by division, ue v- Ji =19 @ prom (1) and (3) u+¥= 29, and Vid =10 oF uv = 100; svhence = 25, ord: v =4, oF 25; us 1, or 22 Ans. Pat te, and y= n= then from (2) we obtain v Substituting in (1), et) + (uty = 82; whence and w= 42, ot t¥= ‘Thus, 1+ ¥-10; i+ J-10, Ans. 2 el ie (u) 7+ 5p = 29 @ Solution From (1), 15(2x? — Bay y? —3x? 44xy—y?) = 38347 + 2xp— 7) 129x7 29s 38y? = 0; (3x — 2y)(A3x + 19y) = 0. 3x=2) 3) -19y, a) Hence or 43x Quideiie Rqvstion FTAA Prom (3), Tx Sy _ by equation (2) xehy=3 xy _Txt5y_ 29 9 43-82-82 551 1247 a2 ‘Again, From (4), by equation (2) Hence, Any emma Solve 4x’ +3x7y+y? =8 -2x?ytxy = 1 Solution Put y = mx, and substitute in both equations. Thus, 2+ Stem) = ) 31(2-2m-+ a 2) tu? 8m? + 19m —12 = (m= 1pm — 3) ~ 4) m=1, or3,0r4, ‘That is, @) Take m= Land substitute in either (1) or (2). and substicute in (2); Gi) Take m= 223 e=mp Solve 31x7y? -7y* -112xy +64 = (\) va tay tay + 02) Solution From (2) we have -8= 47 —7ay-+4y?; and substituting in (1), Bix?y? Ty! + May(a? Tay dy? 400 Tay bay =: ee Bx2y? = Ty! +(x? —Tay ay MLday tx? Tay ty?) =0 xt Ty! +O? +4y°P ay? = 05 thats, xt 1037)? +9y" =0 3) (x? =y*)(x? =9y7) = 0; Hence xedty, or x=43y. Taking these cases in succession and substituting in (2), we bain z sysi.2-y=4)-2, seysdde-yat|-2 sed3 yah xen f+ yea lt ‘Ans. Ni Note Ik should be observed that equation (3) is homogeneous The method here employed by which one equation is rade homogenous by a suitable combination with the other is a valuable artifice. It is especially useful in Ana~ Iytical Geomerry. 2 2 1 Solve (x + y)3 +2(x=y)P = 3x? — y?)> wl) 3x-2y=13 2) Solution 1 \ Divide each term of (I) by (3? = y), or, (x + 9)! x= yp); 1 eto ceasily find, ( *) xy ‘Combining these equations with (2), we obtain 3 jor x= Equation involving three or more unknown quantities cay only be solved in special cases. We shall here consider some = 2or 1; whence 7x =9y, oF y=0. x=oy of the most useful methods of solution, Ans, Solve xtytz=13. epee =65 ay=10 Solution From (2) and (3), (ety) +27 =85, Put u for x+y; then this equation becomes wea? = 85, ‘Also from (1) wee =13; whence we obtain u=7 or 6; 2=6 or 7. ‘Thus, we have - Hence, the solution are w=Sora) xa3E=6, y=2oe5t and y= 3251 2=6 () Q 0) golution ‘subtracting (2) from (1) yas? sya) =, that (= Mle yts)= 30 “ sina fom (1) and Q) (s—ayQetytey=t0 (8) Hence, from (4) and (5), by division whence y = = 2x. ‘substituting in equation (3), we obtain a? -3xr4327 = 13. From (2). at txete? =19. Solving these homogencous equations as in Example 4, Att 136, we obtain az +43; and therefore y = +5; 1 =i and therefore a |. Ifa, be are real numbers such that 4 + (‘)- ‘) = 1, find abe. a Jewel Ia, bcd, satisfy the equations a+ 7b-+ 3c+5d= 0, 16, 2a + 6b + 4¢+ Bd = 16, 50+ Bh+ Tet d= Wet y= Sxy, pt == Oy, 2+ x= Tax, find the value ofxty +z. Let fbe a function with the following properties: = 1,and (i)_fl2n) =n x fi). for any positive integer 1 Ifthe value of 21") = 2°", then the digits dy. Quatraic Eqution: Fa ennaD Solve x? =: yoaxe bt aay= Solution ‘Multiply the equations by y, 2, respectively and add then a Cxtaly Pre Multiply the equations by 2, x,y, respectively, and add; then 2) Betey+ From (1) and (2) by cross multiplication, —-- Baee Aaah a Be Substitute in any one of the given equations, then B(ao +8 +06 30 Be) = hs Ans. 'R non-negative integers can be written in the form a3 + a3 + a3 + 4,38 + aD + yd + a SF ag 3°, where 4, €(-1, 0, 1) for 0-$ 17, What is the last ewo digits of R? 14, €{1, 2, 3. 9}, we use the respectivel DA chance 2 Functional Equations A functional equation is an equation whose variables are Fanging over functions and our aim is to find all possible functions satisfying the equation. There is no fixed method. to solve a fictional equation few standard approaches as follows, Substitution of Variable/Function This is most common method for solving functional equa~ tions. By substitution, we get simplified form or some time some additional information regarding equation, We replace old variable with new variable by keeping domain of old variable unchanged. See the following examples. Gp Let f: R\ {0} R be such that Az We R\(0}, f:R\{0} > R such that 2zeress(2) find f(x). Solution Replace x by +, we get ar(2}2700 + Now by eliminating i(2) from the two equations, x we get O-4fe)= -2x? = Sa)= 22 Ans, Fin all fnctions RR such that xy 4 9, “5 ax-xti vee R Solution Replace * (1-02 1-94 £0) = =) by (1x), we get Now elimination f(1— x) from the two equation, th feta. A eam ied x pron 2Rs)4 S( Jett. find fi.) Solution 1 Replacing x by “—. we et (A) 10 By adding parent equation + Eq. (2) and subsut Eq, (1), we get Isolation of Variables ‘We try to bring all functions of x to one side and al = Hons of y on other side, For some particular type of? Jems this works wonderfilly. See the following exam? Quideaic Equations ETE | ‘Asx, y are independent of each other 1d_f(x) such that xf(y) = yfGoWx,y € R= Find fi * xf()) = yf)Wx,y € R10} LE) 5 Constant = solution &® vine wen e fore aa. 2 ‘oY (PSA ay Lc tid Find f :R\{0,1} 9 R, such that (Find fsR—R, such that fe) + afl — 9) = (5) a(S} veeRvion. Sood Be * * 5. fsROR, fet pt fx-V=2f(x)eoss Vey eR. Find f:R\ {0,1} R, such that find all such functions. 6. Find all functions f:R\{0,1} > R, such that 1 fet Ak ay Vx € RA (0,1). 1) _ 20-2), - on. Sle? +3) +2f( sor (EB :VxeR= (0,1) find (2016). —— * 3x+2)=9x" -15x; Vxe R, EEDA. hye? 7 Practice Exercise EXERCISE PART - | NSEJS Level Problems 1, Tp and q are the roots of the equation x2 + pet then: (Ay P (By p=toro © P o oro - b 2, Wthe equation 24" = 1 has roots equal in ‘magnitude but opposite in sig, then the value of a+ is: wo ayo ©! (D) none of these 3, The rots of the quadratic equation (a+ 6 = 20) (a= b= gx4 (a- 2b+0 = 0are: (Ay eth tcanda~ bee (B) Vand a= 2b+¢ (C) @=2b+ cand (at b= 29) (D) Bone of these The leas integral value of 'm’ for which the expression mx 4x + 3mt 1 is positive for every x Ris: (ay we 32 m (D) Ifthe quadratic equations, ax? + Zev +. b= 0 and ax? + 2hy += 0 (b #0) have a common toot, then a+ 4b-+ 4c is equal to: (A (ey 2 «cy ww)? a == VeaVe + oon Bide - By 4-2 «) 2 ww) 3 7, The solution of the equation 4* + 2° = 6 is/are: ay OD (wy 21 10 c) ‘pt sg, The equation x41 + (x= 1)?=0 has 4) one real solution (a) ic) Nosolution } ‘wo real solutions (D) None of these p, The roots of the equation 3°41 = x41 are: tay «wt (cy OF (1p) None The roots of the equation x? + ay~ 4 eR (ay real and distinct (15) equal (C)_ imaginary (D) real A shopkeeper buys a number of books for gy If he had bought 4 more for the same amoun, 10, te hep book would have cost 81 less. How many rook tt he buy? hg «ay 8 (ny) 16 «cy 24 (D) 28 VV 2, Solve the system of equations: ae . Ut + 1y (ay (12) (B) (1,3) ce) 23) (p) 22 Ione root of the quadratic equation ax? + he 4. is double the other then which one of the fllonng, correct: . wa) ® (c) 2 =9ae (Dp) sae (By 2 = 5a 2H > 940 Comprehension (For Q.No. 14. to 16) ‘The coordinates of the vertex of the parabola fis) = 2? + pret q are (-3, 1), then 14, The value of pis wa 2 (By -2 @ ® (D) -19 15, The value of ¢ is “@ 9 « 2 (D)_ Rone of these 15, The parabola (A) touches the x-axis (B)_ intersect the x-axis in two real and distince poins (C) lies completely above the x-axis (b)_ les completely below the 17, Solution set of the equation 32°" =0is: tay 3.2} (By (cy $2.3) @) g. If graph of ~ ab) is wo, then graph of y = (x ~ 4) (x ~ ) — 2is ro 4 Sgt (D) None of these fy = ax? + bx + crepresents the curve given in the fig- a 322 © 3 (B) 3/4 (D) 6 If b> 0, 6 # 1, then the equation 2log,b + log,,b + 3logy, b =O has: (A) Exactly one real root {B) Two real roots (C) No real roots [D) Infinite number of real roots Ifone root of the quadratic equation px? + gx += 0 ve #0) isasurd where p,q, 1, 4, b are all bao basa Teno ens rationales then the other root is — ve vate—6) wy A wm et deen & > 6 heed Vi- Jaa gS (D)_ —F—_ 6 vi we + bx + 0 has real and distinct roots @ and BiB> @), Further a>0, b <0 and c< 0, then (A) O0, b> 0 then the roots of the equation a — bx — = 0are (A) both positive (1) both negative (C) of opposite sign and numerically greater root is positive (D) of opposite sign and numerically greater root is negative » Hthe quadratic equations 3x? + ax +1 = 0 and 2x! +. bx + 1=0 have a common root, then the value of the expression Sab — 2a? — 38? is: PART 6 (By (D) Mone oF thy (Ay O i) 71 the equation 1 roots ofthe equation Lg 1 Ifthe roots i = atives of each other, then r= (Ay Prd (B) p=q p~q (Dy I KVPY Level Problems Given that x) = 3? + ax + bisa polynomiay ara coefficients. Wi common fcr oy ate) =a 3x) 287 — 3a Vand hy td 2x2 + 3x — 1, find flr). my wx 3x41 (8) SO) =. — 3x41 (0) fe) =2 3,71 Suppose fis a function satisfying f(x + for all x # 0. Determine 400 ~ (3) (A) 75 (B) 76 @7 (D) 78 Let xy, X55 Xy. %, denote the four roots of xt + be? +90 x — 2009 = 0, If.xyx, = 49, find the value of k. the equi, ays (B) 6 «7 (D) 8 TEx yand zare real numbers such that x+ y+ 229.) xy +2 + 2x= 24, find the largest possible value ots 2 (B) 3 «4 (D) 5 - For how many integers is the number x! — 513245 negative? (a) 10 @)u © 2 (D) 13, ‘When xis real, the greatest possible value of 10" 1? (A) (B) 1 3 note fee «© © + Find the real points (x, y) satisfying 3x2 +37 - 40+ 10x 10y + 10 (B) (y= C12) (P) &N=CLA The number of roots of the equat ris re equation (A) three “ by four The sum of values of x satigjing the equation (1+ 8VI5)" 41 = (324 8Vi5)"" is 3 ) 0 2 (DP) none of these A quadratic equation whose product of rots x, and x, is equal fo 4 and satisfying the relation x,/(x, =!) +.5/ (@- D=2is A) oat @) 24204 (O) S44et4=0 (0) Peat dao 1. The integral values of m for which the roots of the cussion mat (2m =1)x-+ (m2) = 0 are rational are given by the expression [where 1 is integer Qe (B) Wert ! CO) nla) (D) none of these 5. Werand Bare the roots of the equation x? - ax + = 0 and A,= a" + B, then which of the following is truc? A) Ay sad tba, B) A, y=04, +4, (O) Ay =04,— 64, D) A, =bA, tad, Number of values of a for which equations 2° + ax + 1 =O and x4 + ax? + 1 =0 have a common rot wa 0 B) 1 ic) 2 (P) infinite Leer, 5, and tbe the roots of the equation, 8x° + 1001x +2008 = 0. The value of (r-+ 5) + (+9? + (C41) is a) 31 (B) 751 (C735 (DP) 753 Total number of values of a so that a7 — x ~ a= 0 has integral roots, where a € Nand 6 $ a 100, is equal to: wy 2 (B) 4 6 iD) 8 Ifa, Bare the roots of x2 + px+ q=Oand x" + pix" + #0 and if (@/P), B/a) are the roots of x" +14 (s+) then n (EN) (4) must be an odd integer 1) may be any integer (©) must be an even integer can not say anything Quernic Equxions 6 B. yore such that ort B+ y=2, 07+ B+ 7 =6. at B+ PR then at + Bit 7 is \) 18 ae) ty 2D) 36 IS. ff the quadratic equation 4x? ~ 2(a + ¢ = 1) x + ae ~ b=0(a>b>d (A) both roots are greater than (1) both roots are less than « (©) both roots lie between «/2 and 4/2 (D) exactly one of the root lies between «/? and a/2 Ifthe equation |x? + bx + ¢| = k has four real roots, then 3 (A) B-4e> Oand 0< ke “ep (B) Padecoandocke #—* (©) Pa4e>0and b> 4 (DP) none of these PART - Ill PRMO Level Problems |. Find an integer x that satisfies the equation 25 ~ 10137 = 99932 + 100900 = 0. 5. Consider polynomials P(x) of degree at most 3, each of whose coefficients is an element of (0, 1, 2,3. 4.5. 6, 7, 8,9}. If total k polynomials satisfy P(-1) =~ 9. then’ find k ~ 200? 3,/For certain teal numbers a, b, and «, the polynomial g(x) = + ax? + x + 10 has three distinct roots, and ‘each root of g(x) is also a root of the polynomial fx) -fM), om 4. Let a> 0, and let P{x) be a polynomial with integer 7 meeticients such that P (1) =P) = P =P) a, and P (2) = P(4) = P 6) =P 8) possible value of a= 5 x Q. What is Q? att x8 + bx? + 100x +c. What is 5. Monic quadratic polynomials P(x) and Q(s) property that P(Q(x)) has zeroes a x 4 ‘and “15 and Q(P(q)) has zeroes at x and —49. What is the last ewo digits of the sum of the minimum values of P(x) and Q(x)? 6. Let p(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients such that for all real x, 2(1 + p(a)) = pbs — 0) + pls + V) and (0) = 8, p(2) = 32. Determine the value of p(4) have the 21, -17, MEET chiper2 Find the number of pairs (m, n) of integers which 9t- isfy the equation m+ 6m? 48m = 27H! + On? +9 + | Ifthe equation is x has real roots, then find the value of and b+ 2(1 + aly + (3a + dab +40? + 2) = 0 find value of «. fx, y are positive real numbers atiefying the system of Aeeasna 2 + rfp way = 112, then w+ y equals 24 2h - 2h = 4, b,c are positive integers such that + 100 and 2ab 00. Then +4 ig Solve for a, ysand =; ifay txt y= 23 yet y tee BI, sy + s+. = 47. Find positive value of s Given that the real numbers 5, ¢ satisfy 19.7 + 995 + 1=0, 2 + 997+ 19 =0, and st # 1. Find the value of sttactl Let a, b and « be the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Suppose @ and 6 are the roots of the equation 32 + 4(¢+2) = (c+ 4)x, and the largest angle of the triangle is 2°, Find the value of x. Let p be an integer such that both roots of the equation 5x7 — 5px + (6p ~ 1) = 0 are positive integers. Find the value of p Find the value of the smallest positive integer m such that the equation x2 + 2(m + 5)x + (100m + 9) = 0 has only integer solutions. Iix+y xty+ Sup, y+ == 6ys, = += Tex. The value of T. Find lowest integer greater than T. Find the largest real =I number x such that Sexo |x 35x 250. Define a function on the positive integers recursive- ly by A) = 2, fv) = flu = 1) +1 if mis even, and fn 2) + 2 ifm is odd and greater than 1. What is 2017) ~ 20002 Suppose that ftx + 3) = 3a? + 7x +4 and ly) bx +e, What is (a + b+ 94? Let m, 1 be integers such that I< m $n, Define ft “(saad 5 = f2, 2049) +A, 2049) + 14, 2049) of = 6A 2049), find the value 22. How many distinct ordered triples (x 9,5) equations: x+2y eden 2 xy + dye + 2xz = 22 xe EXERCISE - I! PART ~ I Previous Years’ NSEVS Problems |. The graph of the equation y= 2x7 44x45 4, lowest point at: INSE]s.y (A) E19 (B) (1,9) «© CLD (DP) (3) 2. The product of the roots of the equ, YB x + Bx =1 is: INSE]s-1 (a) -21 (B) 189 © 9 (D) -5 If @, By are the roots of the equa: (x-2) (x? +6x-11)=0, therefore, (at fy equals: INSEJs-w «a -4 (B) 23/6 © 3 om 8 4. 12142! =, then the value of xis: {NSEJs-201 A) 05 (Bb) 05 oa @) 0 Given that a (a+b) = 36 and b(a+ 5) = 64, wher © and b are positive, (a~ b) equals: INSEJS-2 A) «© 28 -2.8 (B) (Dy ir one of the Foot of the equation x? ~py+g=0 cm times the other rot then m/(1+ mn?) is equal to. INSE]S-2012] Co if atbtc=ha ab +e =21and abe = + then find the value of (I~ a)(1=8) (Ie) [NSEJS-2012] (a) 10 (B) -18 ic) -24 (D) =30 If 3et3y—Lax? +y—5,4042y are the sides of an equilateral triangle, its area is closest to the integer [NSEJS-2013] (ay 84 (©) 86 (B) 85 (D) 87 Leta bbe ewo positive eal mambersuch that a < b< andlet x= (e+ 4 (1 2. Then: [NSEJS-2013] (A). xis always greater than zero (2) xis always less than zero (C) x=0 (D) No such definite conclusion can be drawn about x VW. fa and b are wo positive real numbers such that ese ab ., then a positive value oft lines between INSEJS-2013] (B) 3and4 (D) 5and6 ) Qand3 (©) 4and6 ‘The number of real values of a for which the cubic equation x? —3ax” + 3ax — a = Ohas all real roots, one of which is a itself, is INSEJS-2013] Wo wd 2 wD) 3 2. The solution set of the inequality 0< > < 1.x eR tof th quality a is INSEIS-2014] (A) Set of all positive real numbers (B) set of all real numbers exce| “4 16, 18, 9 Qndnic Eton (©) Set ofall non-negative real numbers (10) set of all numbers satisfying OS x S 1.x eR “The statement “a is not less than 4” is correct repre- sented by: INSEJS-2016} ) aed (iy a> (C) a2 (b) asa The number of natural number "30 for which Yntynt vn. is a natural number is INSEJS-2016] (A) 30 (B) zero 6 (D) 5 The number of natural number S30 for which qfotvn+vn+.. is a prime numbers is [NSEJS-2016] (A) Three (B) Zero (©) Nine (D) Two ‘The sum of two numbers is 13 and the sum of their cubes is 1066, Find the product of those two numbers: [NSEJS-2017] (A) 26 (C) 28 (By 27 (p) 29 optgtr=apte 10 and pgr = 10, the value of (I= p)(1=4) (1-7) will be [NSEJS-2017) (A) -18, (B) = 24 «) -27 (D) -35 bx If the roots of the equation = are equal, = a ax-com+h * and of opposite signs, then the value of | “mis. [NSEJS-2007] ab ath a, eo — ath anb © a (oy Ste ab a Let @ and B be the roots of 37 >. Ip a, =a" —B" forn2 Lthen the value of Senha 5, INSEJS-2019} “

You might also like