Quality W.

Instructio PPCE-QD-07-
POWER PROJECTS CONTRACTING Management No: 20 /TRN
System Page no. 1 of 1
Document Title: Issue/Rev No:
Issue Date : 16 -03-2023
WORK INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRANSFORMER SITE TESTS
Revision Dat:

Method of statemen
After Isolating the Transformer and all Transformer HV, XV, YV windings Bushing terminals links
isolated (disconnected) from and upper stream connections and grounded, the following test
activities to be conducted as per IEC 60076 Standard:
1. MAGENETIC BALANCE TEST
Magnetic Balance test is conducted to check the imbalance in the transformer magnetic circuit.
This test will indicate that the transformer is magnetically balance. If there is any inter-turn
short circuit that may result in the sum of the two voltages not being equal to the applied
voltage.
Procedure:

1. Ensure that both the Primary and Secondary windings are not connected to any
cables/Bus bars.
2. Apply 3 phase supply voltage (415 V AC) across the 1U & 1V and measure the
Corresponding Voltage for 1U-1V, 1V1W & 1U1W.
3. Switch off the Supply and repeat the test again by applying the voltage in 1V & 1W and
measure the corresponding voltage for 1U-1V, 1V1W&1U1W.
4. Again, switch off the Supply and repeat the test again by applying the voltage in 1U & 1W
and measure the corresponding voltage for 1U- 1V, 1V1W&1U1W.
5. Observe the reading and record in the test format.

Reference Standard:
CIGRE TB445, IEEE C57.152-2013; IEC 60076-1

If sum of two phase equal (±5) to third phase it seems results are OK.
No pre-check required
Connection Diagram:
 2. EXCITATION CURRENT MEASUREMENT (NO LOAD CURRENT TEST)
No load current to Apply 10kV voltage to the winding each phase (below rated voltage) under
test, with all other windings open-circuited. And measure the current This test to be performed
on the HV, XV or YV windings.
Procedure:

If vector group contains both sides (HV & LV) delta connections then apply on one phase return
from second phase and third phase HV side should be shorted with ground.
If vector group contains both side neutral winding, then neutral of HV and LV side should be
grounded.
If vector group contains Delta at HV side and Neutral at LV side, then apply voltage at one
phase, get return from second phase and remaining HV phase should be ground with LV neutral.

Pre-checks: Install complete setup and apply rated voltage up to required limit in open air, if voltage withstand
then proceed for excitation test transformer connection as below:

Reference Standard:
CIGRE TB445, IEEE C57.152-2013; IEC 60076-1

Connection Diagram:
 3. SHORT CIRCUIT TEST (% IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT)
3 PHASE SUPPLY GIVEN TO HV WINDING WITH LV WINDING SHORTED
HV phase to phase voltage measured
HV phase current measured
Impedance measured and compare with name plate %
* AVERAGE VOLTAGE = Volt
* AVERAGE CURRENT = Amp
* HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENT = Amp
* FREQUENCY = 60 HZ
* RATED TAP VOLTAGE = Volt
Calculated measured Impedance Voltage = HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENT X AVERAGE VOLTAGE /
AVERAGE CURRENT
% IMPEDANCE = (IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE/RATED TAP VOLTAGE)X100
Reference Standard:
CIGRE TB445, IEEE C57.152-2013; IEC 60076-1

Procedure:
The LV side of transformer is short circuited and wattmeter (W), voltmeter (V) and ammeter (A)
are connected on the HV side of the transformer. Voltage is applied to the HV side and
increased from the zero until the ammeter reading equals the rated current.
If results variation is within 3% with FAT then accepted.
Connection Diagram:
 4. Vector group & polarity check
Phase relationship check Measure the vector relationship between HV/XXV and HV/YV windings,
measured vector relationship shall conform to the winding’s connection diagram.
1. Ensure that both the Primary and Secondary windings are not connected to any cables /Bus bars.
2. Connect the “R” phase of the Primary winding and “R” phase of the Secondary winding (Short R phase
of Primary and Secondary termination).
3. Apply 3 phase supply voltage (415 V AC) across the Primary Termination of the Transformer. Measure
the voltage at the both Primary and Secondary termination at all the phases. Observe the reading and
record in the test format.
4. Apply the formula or plot the values in the graph to get the vector group.

5. TRANSFORMER TURNS RATIO (HV-LV)

The transformer turns ratio (TTR) test detects shorts winding sections or between turns of the
same winding, which indicates insulation failure between the turns. These tests are performed
with the transformer de-energized.
Procedure:

1. First, keep the tap changer of the transformer in the lowest position and LV terminals
open.

2. Then 3-phase 415 V supply is applied on HV terminals.

3. Measure the voltages applied on each phase (Phase-phase) on HV and induced voltages at
LV terminals simultaneously.

4. After the voltages at HV and LV terminals are measured, raise the tap changer of the
transformer by one position and repeat the test.

5. Repeat the same for each of the tap positions separately.

Reference Standard:
CIGRE TB445, IEEE C57.152-2013; IEC 60076-1
If results variation is within (±0.50) then accepted
Pre-Check: Make all connection (Positive and Negative) together the result should be around 1.
Connection Diagram:

6. Measurement of
winding resistance
Winding resistance measurement:
Measure the resistance of each winding and each tap using a high precision resistance tester,
Reference Standard:
CIGRE TB445, IEEE C57.152-2013; IEC 60076-1

If results variation is within (±5) with FAT then accepted

7. Measurement of tan delta & capacitance of windings & bushing

Reference Standard:
CIGRE TB445, IEEE C57.152-2013; IEC 60076-1

Connection Diagram:
CAPACITANCE & TAN DELTA OF BUSHING
The most common technique for assessing the condition of a bushing is the power factor(pf)
and capacitance measurements. The power factor(ac) test measuring the power angle between
an applied ac voltage and the resultant current. Test results are then compared to name plate
values or previous tests. Increases or decreases from reference values are usually an indication
of contamination and/or deterioration of the insulation.
Connection Diagram:
Results verification cross check: Reverse the connection and apply 200Voltage from test tap on UST mode.
8. Insulation resistance measurement & Core insulation resistance measurement and
Polarization index test:
This test is basically Megger test. It has two parts, winding insulation resistance
measurement and core insulation resistance measurement. The polarization index PI is
ration of insulation resistance measured after ten minutes of application of test voltage to
the one-minute reading. It is sufficient to measure insulation winding resistance with 5 kV
and Core insulation with 1 kV.

Reference Standard:
CIGRE TB445, IEEE C57.152-2013; IEC 60076-1
 9. DFRA Description of DFR Method (Measurement):
The representation of dielectric response in the frequency domain is termed dielectric
frequency response (DFR).
The results can be displayed as capacitance and dielectric loss as a function of frequency or
tangent delta (or power factor) as a function of frequency. The default test configuration is the
UST (Ungrounded Specimen Test) measurement, in which the transformers inter-winding
capacitance (CHL) is measured, as this is where most of the paper and pressboard resides. Also,
a UST measurement excludes influence of bushings and external creep currents that may
influence the assessment. The dielectric response measurement uses the same preparation
setup and execution procedure as traditional (50 or 60Hz) Capacitance (C) and Power Factor
(PF) measurements. In addition, the high voltage side insulation to ground (CH) and the low
voltage side insulation to ground (CL) can also be measured.
IDAX is an insulation diagnostic system for investigations/analysis of dielectric materials,
normally insulators. The measurement method used is dielectric spectroscopy, i.e.
measurement of the dielectric properties of the material as a function of the frequency, and in
some cases also as a function of the voltage. The system applies a sinusoidal voltage with
desired frequency over the sample. This voltage will generate a current in the sample. By
accurately measuring the voltage and the current, the sample impedance can be calculated.
Depending upon the actual sample model, various parameters can be calculated from the
impedance, such as capacitance, loss, resistance etc. This procedure can then be repeated at
the specified frequencies and voltage levels and even more information on the sample can be
revealed.
The results of tan delta should be within 1% at 1Hz Frequency and capacitance should be
constant at any frequency.
Connection Diagram: