Oxford Cambridge and RSA

GCSE (9–1) Computer Science

J276/02 Computational thinking, algorithms and
programming
Sample Question Paper

Date – Morning/Afternoon
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

You may not use:

 a calculator

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* 0 0 0 0 0 0 *

First name
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Last name

Centre Candidate
number
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number

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate
number.
• Answer all the questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• If additional space is required, use the lined page(s) at the end of this
booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.
• Do not write in the bar codes.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• This document consists of 16 pages.

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1 Kofi uses his computer to record an audio file of himself playing his guitar.

(a) Outline what happens when the computer converts the music into a file.

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(b) Kofi increases the sample rate his computer is using to record his guitar.

Explain two effects this will have on Kofi’s recording.

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(c) Kofi is e-mailing his recording to a record label. He uses lossy compression to produce the
music file.

Explain two reasons why using lossy compression is beneficial.

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2 (a) Order the following units from smallest to largest:

GB bit PB byte nibble MB

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(b) Convert the decimal number 191 into an 8 bit binary number.

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(c) Convert the hexadecimal number 3E into a decimal number. You must show your working.

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(d) There is a subroutine, HEX(), that takes a denary number between 10 and 15 and returns the
corresponding hexadecimal number. E.g. HEX(10) would return ”A”, HEX(15) would return
“F”.

Write an algorithm, using the subroutine HEX(), to convert any whole decimal number
between 0 and 255 into a 2 digit hexadecimal number.

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(e) (i) Add together the following two 8 bit binary numbers. Express your response in an 8 bit
binary form.

01101010

10010110

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(ii) Identify the problem this addition has created.

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3 (a) Complete a 2 place right shift on the binary number 11001011.

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(b) Explain the effect of performing a 2 place right shift on the binary number 11001011.

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(c) Complete the truth table below for the Boolean statement P = NOT (A AND B).

A B P
FALSE FALSE TRUE
FALSE TRUE
TRUE FALSE
TRUE TRUE FALSE
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4 Johnny is writing a program to create usernames. The first process he has developed is shown in
the flowchart in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Start

INPUT
firstName

INPUT
surname

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name = LEFT(firstName, 3)
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username = name +
LEFT(surname, 2)
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OUTPUT
username
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Stop

For example, using the process in Fig. 1, Tom Ward’s user name would be TomWa.

(a) State, using the process in Fig. 1, the username for Rebecca Ellis.

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(b) Johnny has updated the process used to create usernames as follows:

• If the person is male, then their username is the last 3 letters of their surname and
the first 2 letters of their first name.
• If the person is female, then their username is the first 3 letters of their first name
and the first 2 letters of their surname.

 What would be the username for a male called Fred Biscuit using the updated process?

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 Write an algorithm for Johnny to output a username using the updated process.

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5 Harry is planning to create a computer game using a high-level programming language.

(a) State why the computer needs to translate the code before it is executed.

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(b) Harry can use either a complier or an interpreter to translate the code.
Describe two differences between how a complier and an interpreter would translate Harry’s
computer game.

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6 Heath is researching how long, to the nearest minute, each student in his class spends playing
computer games in one week (Monday to Friday). He is storing the data in a 2D array.

Fig. 2 shows part of the array, with 4 students.

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Fig. 2
Students
0 1 2 3
Days of the

0 60 30 45 0
week

1 180 60 0 60
2 200 30 0 20
3 60 10 15 15
4 100 35 30 45
For example, student 1, on Monday (day 0), played 30 minutes of computer games.

(a) Explain why Heath is using an array to store the data.

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(b) (i) Identify a data type that could be used to store the number of minutes in this array.

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(ii) State why this data type is the most appropriate.

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(c) Heath wants to output the number of minutes student 3 played computer games on
Wednesday (day 2). He writes the code:

print (hoursPlayed[3,2])

The output is 20.

(i) Write the code to output the number of minutes student 0 played computer games on

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Wednesday.

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(ii) State the output if Heath runs the code:

print (hoursPlayed[2,1])
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(iii) State the output if Heath runs the code:

print (hoursPlayed[3,1] + hoursPlayed[3,2])

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(iv) Write an algorithm to output the total number of minutes student 0 played computer
games from Monday (day 0) to Friday (day 4).

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(d) Heath has the day of the week stored as a number e.g. 0 = Monday, 1 = Tuesday.

Write a sub-program that takes the number as a parameter and returns the day of the week
as a string.

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(e) Heath needs to work out the average number of minutes spent playing computer games each
day for the class, which contains 30 students. Write an algorithm to output the average
number of minutes the whole class spends playing computer games each day.

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7 Willow has created a hangman program that uses a file to store the words the program can select
from. A sample of this data is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

crime bait fright victory nymph loose

(a) Show the stages of a bubble sort when applied to data shown in Fig. 3.

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(b) A second sample of data is shown in Fig. 4.

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amber house kick moose orange range tent wind zebra

Show the stages of a binary search to find the word ‘zebra’ when applied to the data shown in
Fig. 4.

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8 The area of a circle is calculated using the formula π × r2 , where π is equal to 3.142 and r is the
radius.

Finn has written a program to allow a user to enter the radius of a circle as a whole number,
between 1 and 30, and output the area of the circle.

01 int radius = 0
02 real area = 0.0
03 input radius
04 if radius < 1 OR radius > 30 then
05 print (‘Sorry, that radius is invalid’)
06 else
07 area = 3.142 * (radius ^ 2)
08 print (area)
09 end if

(a) Explain, using examples from the program, two ways Finn can improve the maintainability of
the program.

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(b) Identify two variables used in the program.

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(c) (i) Identify one item in the program that could have been written as a constant.

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(ii) Give one reason why you have identified this item as a constant.

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(d) Finn uses an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) to write his programs. Identify two
features of an IDE that Finn might use.
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BLANK PAGE

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© OCR 2015 J276/02

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Copyright Information:

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© OCR 2015 J276/02

…day June 20XX – Morning/Afternoon
GCSE (9–1) Computer Science
J276/02 Computational thinking, algorithms and programming

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SAMPLE MARK SCHEME

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Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes

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MAXIMUM MARK 80
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DRAFT

This document consists of 12 pages

R10049/17
J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS
PREPARATION FOR MARKING

SCORIS

1. Make sure that you have accessed and completed the relevant training packages for on–screen marking: scoris assessor Online Training;
OCR Essential Guide to Marking.

2. Make sure that you have read and understood the mark scheme and the question paper for this unit. These are posted on the RM
Cambridge Assessment Support Portal http://www.rm.com/support/ca

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3. Log–in to scoris and mark the required number of practice responses (“scripts”) and the required number of standardisation responses.

YOU MUST MARK 10 PRACTICE AND 10 STANDARDISATION RESPONSES BEFORE YOU CAN BE APPROVED TO MARK LIVE

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SCRIPTS.

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Assessment Objective
AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the key concepts and principles of computer science.
AO1 1a Demonstrate knowledge of the key concepts and principles of computer science.
AO1 1b Demonstrate understanding of the key concepts and principles of computer science.
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AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding of key concepts and principles of computer science.
AO2 1a Apply knowledge of key concepts and principles of computer science.
AO2 1b Apply understanding of key concepts and principles of computer science.
AO3 Analyse problems in computational terms:
 to make reasoned judgements
 to design, program, evaluate and refine solutions.
AO3 1 To make reasoned judgements (this strand is a single element).
AO3 2a Design solutions.
AO3 2b Program solutions.
AO3 2c Evaluate and refine solutions.

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 a  The height of the wave is measured/sampled (at 2 1 mark for each bullet, to a maximum of 2.
regular/set intervals) (AO1 1b)
 Turned into/stored as binary
b  The quality will improve ... 4 1 mark for each bullet.
 ... because the sound wave is more accurate to the (AO1 1b) (1 mark for identification of the effect, one mark for an
original explanation)
 The file size will increase ...
 ... because there are more samples to store
c  Lossy means the decompressed file is not identical to 4 1 mark for each bullet.

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the original ... (AO2 1a) (1 mark for identification of the effect, one mark for an
 ...the difference is unlikely to be noticed by humans explanation)
 Lossy will decrease the file size ...
 ... so it can be sent via e-mail
2 a bit , nibble, byte, MB, GB, PB 1 Correct Answer Only

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(AO1 1b)
b 10111111 1 Correct Answer Only
(AO1 1b)
c  Working; (3 * 16) + 14 OR 00111110 2 1 mark for correct answer, 1 for valid method of working

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 62 (AO1 1b)
d  Taking a number as input 4 1 mark for each bullet.
 Using HEX subroutine correctly (AO3 2b)
 Calculating Digit 1 There are no marks associated with data types or
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 Calculating Digit 2 conversions of data types.

If used, a flowchart should represent the bulleted steps

INPUT decimal in the answer column.
digit1 = decimal DIV 16
IF digit1>=10 THEN digit1=HEX(digit1)
digit2 = decimal – (digit1*16)
IF digit2>=10 THEN digit2=HEX(digit2)
e i 0000 0000 2 Correct Answer Only
(AO1 1b) 1 mark per nibble
ii overflow 1 Correct Answer Only
(AO1 1b)

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3 a 00110010 1 Correct Answer Only
(AO1 1b)
b  The number is divided by 4 2 1 mark per bullet to a maximum of 2.
 Loss of accuracy ... (AO2 1b)
 ... the bits on the right are removed
c A B P 2 1 mark for each correct answer in table.
(AO1 1b)
TRUE
TRUE

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4 a  RebEl 1 Correct Answer Only (allow any case)
(AO2 1b)
b i  UitFr 1 Correct Answer Only (allow any case)
(AO2 1b)

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ii 6 1 mark for each correct bullet to a maximum of 6.
 Taking firstname, surname and gender as input (AO3 2b)
 Checking IF gender is male/female (using If used, a flowchart should represent the bulleted steps
appropriate selection) in the answer column

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 For male ...Generating last 3 letters of surname using
appropriate string manipulation
 ...Generating first 2 of letters of firstname and adding
to previous
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For female.... correctly calculating as before
 Correct concatenation and output

input firstname, surname, gender

if gender = “Male” then
username = RIGHT(surname, 3) + LEFT(firstname,2)
else
username = LEFT (firstname,3) + LEFT(surname,2)
end if
print (username)

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5 a  To convert it to binary/machine code 1 Maximum 1 mark
 The processor can only understand machine code (AO1 1a)

b  Compiler translates all the code in one go… 4 1 mark to be awarded for the correct identification and
 …whereas an interpreter translates one line at a time (AO1 1b) one for a valid description up to a maximum of 4 marks.
 Compiler creates an executable… No more than 2 marks for answers relating only to
 …whereas an interpreter does not/ executes one line interpreters and no more than 2 marks for answers only
at a time relating to compilers.
 Compiler reports all errors at the end…

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 …whereas an interpreter stops when it finds an error

6 a  Allows multiple items of data to be stored … 2 1 mark for each bullet to a maximum of 2.
 ….. under one identifier/name (AO1 1b)


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Can store a table structure
 Reduces need for multiple variables

b i Integer 1 Any data type that stores a whole number only

(AO2 1b)

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b ii It is a whole number/ no decimals/ to the nearest minute. 1
(AO2 1b)
c i print (hoursPlayed[0,2]) 1 Correct Answer Only
(AO2 1b)
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ii 0 1 Correct Answer Only
(AO2 1b)
iii 80 1 Correct Answer Only
(AO2 1b)
iv  Adding all correct elements 3 1 mark per bullet to a maximum of 3.
 Outputting correctly (AO3 2b)
If used, a flowchart should represent the bulleted steps
 Using a loop in the answer column
e.g.
total = 0
for x = 0 to 4

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

Question Answer Marks Guidance

total = total + hoursPlayed[0,x]
next x
print (total)
d  Appropriate declaration of a function that takes day 5 1 mark per bullet to a maximum of 5.
number as parameter and returns day (AO3 2b)
 Use of selection (if/switch) If used, a flowchart should represent the bulleted steps
 Appropriate comparison in the answer column.
 Correct identification of each day
 Case default

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e.g.

function returnDay(dayNo As String) As String

switch dayNo

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case 0:
returnDay = “Monday”
case 1:
returnDay = “Tuesday”

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case 2:
returnDay = “Wednesday”
case 3:
returnDay = “Thursday”
case 4:
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returnDay = “Friday”
case default:
returnDay = “Invalid”
endswitch
endfunction

6 e  Loop 0 to 29 6 Accept any type of average calculation (mean, median,

 Loop 0 to 4 (AO3 2b) mode).
 Accessing hoursplayed[x,y] If used, a flowchart should represent the bulleted steps
 Addition of hoursplayed[x,y] to total in the answer column.
 Calculating average correctly outside of loops

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

Question Answer Marks Guidance

 Outputting the results

e.g.
total = 0
for x = 0 to 29
for y = 0 to 4
Total = total + hoursPlayed[x,y]
next y
next x
average = total / (30*5)

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print (average)

7 a crime bait fright victory nymph loose 4 1 mark for each row from row 2 – 5. Allow multiple
(AO2 1b) swaps in one stage, where it is clear that a bubble sort
bait crime fright victory nymph loose

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has been applied.
bait crime fright nymph victory loose
bait crime fright nymph loose victory
bait crime fright loose nymph victory

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b  Comparing zebra to orange 4 1 mark per bullet (multiple ways through, marks
 Greater, so split and take right side (AO2 1b) awarded for appropriate comparison and creation of
sub groups).
 Further comparison (1 or 2 depending on choices
made)
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 Correct identification of zebra using methodology
above

e.g.

compare zebra to orange

greater, split right

compare to wind

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

Question Answer Marks Guidance

greater, split right

compare to zebra

8 a  Comments/annotation… 6 1 mark for identification of an example from the

 …To explain the key functions/sections (AO2 1b) programme.
 …E.g. any relevant example, such as line 4 checks 1 mark for explanation of how it aids maintainability.
the input is valid 1 mark for contextualisation.
 Indentation… Maximum of 3 marks per method.
 …To show where constructs/sections start and finish

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 …E.g. indenting within IF statement
 Using constants…
 …so numbers can be updated easily
 …E.g. π

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b  radius 2
 area (AO1 1b)
c i  3.142 1 Maximum of 1 mark
 2 (AO2 1a)

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 1
 30
c ii  The number does not need to be changed while the 1 Maximum of 1 mark
program is running (AO1 1a)
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 The number can be updated once and it updates
throughout
d  Error diagnostics (any example) 2 1 mark per bullet to a maximum of 2 marks.
 Run-time environment (AO1 1a) Only 1 example per bullet, e.g. auto-correct and auto-
 Editor (any feature such as auto-correct, auto-indent) indent would only gain 1 mark.
 Translator
 Version control
 Break point
 Stepping

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

Assessment Objective (AO) Grid

AO1 AO1 AO2 AO2 AO3 AO3 AO3 AO3

Question Maths Total
1a 1b 1a 1b 1 2a 2b 2c
1 (a) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 (b) 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
1 (c) 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4
2 (a) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
2 (b) m 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
m 2

en
2 (c) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 (d) m 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
2 (e) i m 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
2 (e) ii 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1

im
3 (a) m 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 (b) m 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
3 (c) m 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
4 (a) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

ec
4 (b) i 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
4 (b) ii 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
5 (a) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
5 (b) 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Sp
6 (a) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
6 (b)i 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
6 (b) ii 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
6 (c) i 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
6 (c) ii 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
6 (c) iii 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
6 (c) iv 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
6 (d) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
6 (e) 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

AO1 AO1 AO2 AO2 AO3 AO3 AO3 AO3

Question Maths Total
1a 1b 1a 1b 1 2a 2b 2c
7 (a) 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 4
7 (b) 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 4
8 (a) 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 6
8 (b) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
8 (c) i 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
8 (c) ii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
8 (d) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

en
Total 4 24 5 23 0 0 24 0 80

m = mathematical content

im
ec
Sp

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

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im
ec
Sp

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J276/02 Mark Scheme June 20XX

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im
ec
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