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LTE-5G-ORAN
5G-NR Architecture

LTE-5G-ORAN

5G-NR Architecture
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In 5G-NR there are two type of Architecture :

NSA (Non-Standalone)
SA (Standalone)

Non-standalone

E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).

UE is connected to NR and LTE simultaneously.
One eNB can be connected to many gNB and vice versa

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NSA

Non-Standalone Base Station Architectures using the 4G Core Network (Options 3,3a and 3X)

In both cases, the 4G Node B provides control plane connectivity towards the Core Network and acts as the
Master Node (MN). The 5G gNodeB has control plane connectivity across the X2 interface and acts as the
Secondary Node (SN).
Option 3 -All user plane data tunnel through eNodeB . PDCP in eNodeB dynamically splits the downlink
data between the eNode B and gNodeB.

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Option 3

In Option 3a– user plane connectivity between the S-GW and gNode B is provided .Here also eNodeB will
remain the master node depending upon EPS type eNodeB may divide the work like Speech type data may be
directed towards eNodeB and EPS transferring data may be directed towards gNodeB.

Option 3a

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Option 3X

3x has developed to overcome the issues of with Options 3 and 3a.

In this case, the user plane paths are between the eNode B, gNode B and S-GW.

Option 3x

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The eNode B remains the Master Node and is able to control the selection of the downlink data path from the
S-GW, i.e. the eNode B can provide the MME with the IP address of the gNode B for some EPS Bearers,
while it can provide the MME with its own IP address for other EPS Bearers.
If coverage from the gNode becomes weak then the gNode B can dynamically forward data across the X2
interface towards the eNode B

Standalone (SA)

Standalone the core is 5G.

Master node will be of gNB.

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5G CORE NETWORK Architecture

Below is the 5G Core architecture including all the components .

5G Network Functions:

User Equipment (UE)Radio Access Network

(UPF) User plane Function
(DN) Data network
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(AUSF) Authentication Server Function

(AMF) Core Access and Mobility Management Function
(SMF) Session Management Function
(NSSF) Network Slice Selection Function
(NEF) Network Exposure Function
(NRF) NF Repository Function
(PCF) Policy Control function
(UDM) Unified Data Management
(AF) Application Function

S-GW and P-GW have been divided into session management function (SMF) and user plane
function (UPF)

Functions :

(AUSF) :Subscriber authentication, during registration or re-registration with 5G, is managed by the Authentication
Server Function.

(AMF) :NAS signaling termination and security, Access Authentication, Support of Network Slicing. Support of
intra-system and inter-system mobility, Mobility management control (subscription and policies);

(SMF) : UE IP address allocation and management; Session Management, Selection and control of UP function,
Control part of policy enforcement and QoS.

(UPF) :Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility, Packet routing & forwarding, External PDU session point of
interconnect to Data Network, DL packet buffering and DL data notification triggering.

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Tagged: 5G AMF AUSF EN-DC NEF Non-Stand NR NRF NSA NSSF Option 3 Option 3a Option 3x PCF SA
SMF Standalone UDM UPF

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