DIFFERENTIATING

BIASES FROM
PREJUDICES
Learner’s Module in English 9
Quarter 3 Module 1  Week 1

JOHNNY A. KIDIAN
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2021

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through
the DepEd Cordillera Administrative Region – Curriculum Learning Management
Division (CLMD).

It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged.
Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a
supplementary work are permitted provide all original work is acknowledged and the
copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial
purposes and profit.

ii
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the DepEd Cordillera Administrative Region through

the Curriculum Learning Management Division (CLMD) which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Cordillera

Administrative Region. It aims to improve students’ academic performance specifically
in English.

Date of Development : January 2021

Resource Location : DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area : English
Grade Level :9
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Q3/W1
MELC Code : Eng9LC-IVf-13.3
Learning Competency/Code : Differentiate biases from prejudices.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this material would not be
possible without them.

JOHNNY A. KIDIAN
Developer

LRMDS STAFF

JEREMY KERMIT B. PADILLA FELY B. BADIVAL

Administrative Assistant II Librarian II

ELIZABETH T. CALBAYAN ROSITA C. AGNASI EdD

Teaching Aide Specialist Education Program Supervisor – LRMDS

PATRICIO T. DAWATON
Evaluator

CONSULTANTS

CARMEL F. MERIS
CES, Curriculum and Learning Management Division

FLORANTE E. VERGARA
OIC – Assistant Regional Director

ESTELA L. CARIÑO, EdD CESO III

Director IV

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT NOTICE ............................................................................................... ii

PREFACE ................................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................v
What I Need to Know ................................................................................................ 1
What I Know ............................................................................................................. 2
What’s In ................................................................................................................... 4
What’s New............................................................................................................... 4
What Is It .................................................................................................................. 5
What’s More.............................................................................................................. 6
What I Have Learned ................................................................................................ 8
What I Can Do .......................................................................................................... 8
Assessment .............................................................................................................. 9
Additional Activity .................................................................................................... 11
Activity: Where am I:. ....................................................................................... 11
ANSWER KEY ........................................................................................................ 12
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 13

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 What I Need to Know

Hello learner! This module was designed and written to assist you and guide you in
differentiating biases from prejudices which is an important skill in critical reading.

While going through the module, you are expected to:

1. recognize biases and prejudices;
2. determine whether statement is bias or prejudice; and
3. categorize biases and prejudices.
NOTE: This module will serve as your personal copy. You will write your FINAL
ANSWERS on the ANSWER SHEET attached with this module.
Here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module. The
descriptions will guide you on what to expect on each part of the module.

Label Description
What I need to know This states the learning objectives that you need to achieve as you
study this module.
What I know This is to check what you already know about the lesson in this
module. If you answered all the questions here correctly, then you
may skip studying this module.

What’s in This connects the current lesson with a topic or concept necessary to
your understanding.
What’s new This introduces the lesson to be tackled through an activity.

What is it This contains a brief discussion of the learning module lesson. Think
of it as the lecture section of the lesson.

What’s more These are activities to check your understanding and to apply what
you have learned from the lesson.

What I have learned This generalizes the essential ideas tackled in this module.

What I can do This is a real-life application of what you have learned.

Post-assessment This is an evaluation of what you have learned from this learning
material.
Additional activity This is an activity that will strengthen and fortify your knowledge about
the lesson.

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 What I Know
Multiple Choice: Write only the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.
1) Which of the following statements is TRUE about critical reading?
A. It is the inability to detect biases from prejudices
B. It is a skill that is very important in both academic and everyday lives.
C. It is the inability to detect misleading opinions and illogical conclusions.
D. It is allowing yourself to be unknowingly influenced by the persuasive texts
because you passively absorb other people’s opinion without trying to find out
whether they are truly sound or not.
2) Writers use these as instruments of persuasion EXCEPT
A. texts
B. drama
C. editorials
D. political statements
3) Which of the following statements is correct about prejudice?
A. It does not refer to unfounded beliefs.
B. The word is not often used to refer to preconceived usually unfavorable feelings
towards people.
C. It is an affective feeling towards a person or group member bases solely on
their group membership.
D. It does not refer to a positive or negative evaluation of another person based
on his perceived group membership.
4) Which of the following statements is NOT true about bias?
A. Bias is the same as prejudice.
B. Bias can be learned implicitly within cultural contexts.
C. Bias can come in many forms and is related to prejudice and intuition.
D. It means one-sided, lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind.
5) Which of the following is a characteristic of prejudice?
A. results in unfairness
B. results in discrimination
C. both negative and positive attitudes
D. an inclination for or against a person, idea or thing especially in a way
considered to be unfair
6) Which of the following is a characteristic of bias?
A. It results in unfairness
B. It results in discrimination.
C. It is usually negative attitudes.
D. It is a preconceived opinion that is not based on actual experience or reason.
7) Which of the following is an example of prejudice?
A. Job applicants perceived to as attractive are likable and are also more liable
to be viewed as competent, smart and qualified for the job.

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 B. Students tend to rate good-looking teachers as smarter, kinder and funnier
than less attractive instructors.
C. He or she is not given the chance to serve in a restaurant or retail store
because of the color of his or her skin.
D. She can do the work because she is younger.
8) Which of the following is an example of bias?
A. Women are weak.
B. Someone who is physically disabled is also mentally disabled.
C. He or she can’t be served because of the color of his or her skin.
D. I think the job is not really suitable for him due to his or her educational
background.
9) The following are affected by bias statements EXCEPT
A. attitude
B. perception
C. reading skill
D. listening skill
10) When you read news, advertisements, political statements on social media, what
should you do?
A. Believe immediately.
B. Be a critical reader.
C. Debate with people who wrote or said these statements.
D. Allow the statements to affect your decision-making processes.
For numbers 11 – 15: Identify whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.
11) Our failure to detect biases from information we receive regarding applicants may
affect who we select to come in for an interview, how we interview them and who
we hire and our reasons for hiring.
12) Some writers use propaganda bulletins, sermons and opinion columns as
instruments of persuasion.
13) It is advisable to absorb other people’s opinion without finding out its truthfulness.
14) You should help yourself develop critical reading skill which include the ability to
detect biases and prejudices.
15) Actions may be affected when you are unable to detect biases and prejudices.

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 What’s In
Are you a critical reader? Did you know that critical reading is a skill that is
important in both academic and personal matters most especially in this new normal?
We read on issues and concerns regarding vaccines for Covid-19, and other
coronavirus diseases-related matters that beset the country today. When doing so, it
is important to apply critical reading. Meaning, you should be able to detect biases and
prejudices, misleading opinions and illogical conclusions from a text read, otherwise
your thinking and behavior would be influenced by the material.
Take note that writers do not only aim to communicate information, experience
or amusement. Some writers also use texts, such as editorials, opinion columns,
advertisements, propaganda bulletins, sermons and political statement as an
instrument of persuasion. In general, there is nothing wrong in dealing with persuasive
texts. It is only wrong if you allow yourself to be unknowingly influenced just because
you passively absorb other people’s opinions without trying to find out whether they
are truly sound or not. For that reason, you should also help yourself to develop critical
reading skills which include the ability to differentiate biases from prejudices. (Pardede
2007)

What’s New
Activity 1: Bias or Prejudice: Read the two paragraphs below. Identify whether the
statement shows bias or prejudice and give your reason. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.

Examples Bias or Prejudice Reason

1. In a local news, a man was
accused of robbery but later
on acquitted of the crime.
However, many people still
treat him like a convicted
robber.
2. Research consistently
shows that doctors are less
likely to take women’s pain
seriously. They may believe
that their female patients are
faking or exaggerating their
pain, or that they are reacting
with excessive emotion to
relatively minor pain. (Good
Therapy 2019)

4
 What Is It
In the second item of What’s New, the doctors’ belief that women are too
“emotional;” that they handle pain poorly, or that they exaggerate their own pain
shows prejudice based on their sex.
Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based
solely on their group membership. The word is often used to refer to preconceived,
usually unfavorable, feelings towards people or a person because of their sex, gender,
beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language,
nationality, beauty, occupation, education, criminality, sport team affiliation or other
personal characteristics.
It can also refer to unfounded beliefs and it may include "any unreasonable
attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence". Gordon Allport defined
prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or
not based on, actual experience". Auestad (2015) defines prejudice as characterized
by 'symbolic transfer', transfer of a value-laden meaning content onto a socially formed
category and then on to individuals who are taken to belong to that category,
resistance to change, and overgeneralization. (Ask Difference 2018)
Here are some examples:

a. It is sometimes assumed that someone who is physically disabled is also

mentally disabled.
b. not serving someone in a restaurant or retail store because of the color of
skin or race

On the other hand, bias is prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or
group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. Being biased
means being one-sided; lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind.

The first item in the What’s New section exemplifies a biased situation. Although
the man accused of robbery was acquitted of the crime, he was still looked upon as a
person capable of robbery.
Here are other examples:

a. Job applicants perceived as attractive and likable are also more liable to be
viewed as competent, smart, and qualified for the job.
b. Students tend to rate good-looking teachers as smarter, kinder, and funnier
than less attractive instructors. (Kendra 2020)

It is important that you know how to detect biases for these may affect your
actions and decision-making processes in a number of ways:

a. Your perception – how you see people and perceive reality.

b. Your attitude – how you react towards certain people.
c. Your behaviours – how receptive/friendly you are towards certain people.

5
 d. Your attention – which aspects of a person you pay most attention to.
e. Your listening Skills – how much you actively listen to what certain people say.
f. Your micro-affirmations – how much or how little you comfort certain people in
certain situations.

Here is an outline on the difference between bias and prejudice.

BIAS PREJUDICE

an inclination for or against a person, idea or preconceived opinion that is not based
thing, especially in a way considered to be on actual experience or reason
unfair

both negative and positive attitudes usually negative attitudes

results in unfairness results in discrimination

https://www.slideshare.net/EhlieWinters/bias-and-prejudice

What’s More
Activity 2: Determine Me: Write B if the statement describes a BIASED situation or P
if PREJUDICIAL.
__________1. Juana doesn't want her husband to hire Pedro because of the way he
dresses. She assumes he is violent or uses drugs.
________2. A netizen speaks more positively of a politician belonging to a party.
__________3. A woman who was well-educated and grew up immersed in refineries
would never consider marrying a man who grew up in a lower-income household.
She would consider him unworthy and even unable to function in his high society
hemisphere.
__________4. One restaurant manager hires only women because he or she feels
they make better employees for some gender-related reasons.
__________5. Since Juan has a fair complexion, the whole community assumed he
possessed a greater tendency not to commit a crime.

6
Activity: 3: What can you say?
Read the conversation of two friends regarding the mallification of the City’s
public market. In your answer sheet, determine whether their conversation
shows bias or prejudice or both. Then, write a paragraph justifying your answer.
Juan: The decision to mallify the City’s public market is a clear indication that this
Government has finally abandoned any pretence of listening to local opinion and are
determined to discredit and dismantle any of the remaining rights that local people
have to a say in the future of their environment.

Santiago: I beg to disagree, my friend. The decision will undergo public consultation
and that whatever improvements in the city are for the welfare of the people.

Juan: The real losers in this argument are local people. It seems that if you choose to
live by a mallified public market, you then give up the right to have a say in local
matters.

Santiago: I don’t think so. My friend. The people will not become losers in this endeavor
and neither will it be giving up of right to say about local matters.

Juan: The private sector is the only opinion the Government seems to want to listen
to. The wishes of local people are now totally ignored in the planning process.

Santiago: Well, as I have said a while back, Daddy does not have any intention to
ignore the voice of the local people. In fact, the plans for the city are being posted on
social media for the local people to express their opinions and ideas regarding the
matter. In addition, it is not just just Big Daddy who decides for these but these are
being discussed. Come on, my friend. We all want to see a decent, well-planned public
market where we can buy our household needs. I believe Dad is doing the right thing
wherein everybody is involved, not just big business.

Juan: Those who voted for this man, what a fool they were. I can say that the former
leader was better than him. He listens to the cry of his people. He empathizes with
their current situation.

Santiago: That would be very unfair to say, my friend. Please do not compare the past
administration with the present. Both of them have done a lot for the city’s welfare and
development. As residents, just give our support to our leaders. We have to give them
our trust and confidence. With that, we will become partners for a better city.

Juan. Oh, oh, oh, well,well, well. We’ll wait and see what the city will become during
his term. Come on, let us go the the new coffee shop in the city. I heard they have
better coffee there. Actually, it’s my aunt’s coffee shop.

Santiago: (laughs). Oh right. I’ll go with you. It’s your treat anyway. (laughs)

7
 What I Have Learned
ACTIVITY 3: FILL ME OUT: To check your understanding of the lesson, fill in the
blanks with the appropriate words to complete the ideas.

Prejudice is an _____(1)_____ feeling towards a person or group member

based solely on their _____(2)_____. The word is often used to refer to
_____(3)_____, _____(4)_____, feelings towards people or a person because of
their sex, gender, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality,
race/ethnicity, language, nationality, beauty, occupation, education, criminality, sport
team affiliation or other personal _____(5)_____. In this case, it refers to a positive
or negative evaluation of another person based on their perceived group
membership.
Bias is prejudice in _____(6)_____ of or _____(7)_____ one thing, person, or
group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be
_____(8)_____.Biased means _____(9)_____, lacking a neutral _____(10)_____, or
not having an open mind.

What I Can Do
ACTIVITY 4: GIVE ME: Fill in the table with situations showcasing bias and prejudice.
Copy the table on your answer sheet.
Examples: sexual or gender identity Men are better in handling relationship
compared to women.
race/ethnicity It seems that this particular tribe can not
pursue education
Biases and Group membership Example
Prejudices
sexual or gender
identity
biases age
race/ethnicity
sexual or gender
identity

prejudices age

race/ethnicity

8
 Assessment
Let’s check how far you have understood the things we tackled in this module. Write
the letters of your answers on your answer sheet.

1. When you read news, advertisements,politicial statements on social media, what

should you do?
A. Believe immediately.
B. Be a critical reader.
C. Debate with the people who wrote or said these statements.
D. Allow the statements to change your decision.
2. Writers use these as instruments of persuasion EXCEPT

A. texts
B. drama
C. editorials
D. political statements
3. Which of the following statements is correct about prejudice?

A. It does not refer to unfounded beliefs.

B. The word is not often used to refer to preconceived usually unfavorable feelings
towards people.
C. It is an affective feeling towards a person or group member bases solely on
their group membership.
D. It does not refer to a positive or negative evaluation of another person based
on his perceived group membership.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true about bias?

A. Bias is the same as prejudice.

B. Bias can be learned implicitly within cultural contexts.
C. Bias can come in many forms and is related to prejudice and intuition.
D. It means one-sided, lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of prejudice?

A. results in unfairness
B. results in discrimination
C. both negative and positive attitudes
D. an inclination for or against a person, idea or thing especially in a way
considered to be unfair
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of bias?
A. It results in unfairness
B. It results in discrimination.
C. It is usually negative attitudes.
D. It is a preconceived opinion that is not based on actual experience or reason.

9
7. Which of the following is an example of prejudice?
A. Job applicants perceived to as attractive are likable and are also more liable
to be viewed as competent, smart and qualified for the job.
B. Students tend to rate good-looking teachers as smarter, kinder and funnier
than less attractive instructors.
C. He or she is not given the chance to serve in a restaurant or retail store
because of the color of his or her skin.
D. She can do the work because she is younger.
8. Which of the following is an example of bias?
A. Women are weak.
B. Someone who is physically disabled is also mentally disabled.
C. He or she can’t be served because of the color of his or her skin.
D. I think the job is not really suitable for him due to his or her educational
background.
9. The following are affected by bias statements EXCEPT
A. attitude
B. perception
C. reading skill
D. listening skill
10. Which of the following statements is true about reading?
A. It is the inability to detect biases and prejudices.
B. It is a skill that is important in both academic and everyday lives.
C. It is the inability to detect misleading opinions and illogical conclusions.
D. It is allowing yourself to be unknowingly influenced by the persuasive texts.

For numbers 11 – 15: Identify whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.

1. You do not need to become more skeptical on information you come across
with.
2. Some writers use propaganda bulletins, sermons and opinion columns as
instruments of persuasion.
3. It is advisable to absorb other people’s opinion without finding out its
truthfulness.
4. You should help yourself develop critical reading skill which include the ability
to detect biases and prejudices.
5. Our failure to detect biases from information we receive regarding applicants
may affect who we select to come for an interview, how we interview them and
who we hire and our reasons for hiring.

10
 Additional Activity
Activity: Where am I: On your answer sheet, write all biased statements first
followed by the prejudicial statements. Put the heading BIASED and PREJUDICIAL
before your answers just like the one shown below.

Girls are better in language.

They are inferior to our race.
You are fired. You are too old.
Boys are better in Mathematics.
He is the best chairperson the barangay has ever had.
The virus was created to form the one world government.
That man is a thug because of the way he acts and dresses.
The project was successful because he was the one who initiated it.
Young ones are very productive and contribute much to the government.
Some parents disapprove their children marrying anyone of a different race.

BIASED STATEMENTS PREJUDICIAL STATEMENTS

_________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________

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 12
What I know
1. B What I can do
2. B
3. C Answers may vary
4. A
5. B Additional Activity
6. A Biased
7. C 1.Girls are better in language.
8. A 2. Boys are better in Mathematics.
9. C 3. He is the best chairperson the barangay has
10. B ever had.
11. TRUE 4. The project was successful because he was the
12. TRUE one who initiated it.
13. FALSE 5. Young ones are very productive and contribute
14. TRUE much to the government.
15. TRUE
Prejudicial
What’s new 1. They are inferior to our race.
2. You are fired. You are too old.
1. Yes; answers may vary 3. The virus was created to form the one world
2. Yes, answers may vary government.
4. That man is a thug because of the way he acts
What’s more and dresses.
Activity 3 5. Some parents disapprove their children marrying
1. P anyone of a different race.
2. B Assessment
3. P 1. B 9. C
4. B 2. B 10. B
5. P 3. C 11. FALSE
Activity 4 4. A 12. TRUE
Answers may vary 5. B 13. FALSE
6. A 14. TRUE
What I have learned 7. C 15. TRUE
1. affective 8. A
2. group membership
3. preconceived
4. unfavorable
5. characteristics
6. favor
7. against
8. unfair
9. one-sided
10. neutral
ANSWER KEY
 REFERENCES

n.d. Accessed January 19, 2021.

https://www.gpisd.org/cms/lib01/TX01001872/Centricity/Domain/2148/Week%
209.pdf.
n.d. Writing on History. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://qcpages.qc.cuny.edu/writing/history/critical/bias.html.
2018. Ask Difference. April 30. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://www.askdifference.com/prejudice-vs-bias/.
2019. Good Therapy. September 9. Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/issues/prejudice-
discrimination#:~:text=Prejudice%20is%20a%20prejudgment%20based,can%
20be%20conscious%20or%20unconscious.
Kendra, Cherry. 2020. verywellmind. January 24. Accessed January 20, 2021.
https://www.verywellmind.com/cognitive-biases-distort-thinking-2794763.
Pardede, Parlindungan. 2007. Developing Critical REading in EFL Classroom.
August. Accessed January 20, 2019.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329557401_Developing_Critical_Re
ading_in_EFL_Classroom.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Cordillera Administrative Region
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet 2601
Telephone no.: (074) 422-1318
Telefax: (074) 422-4074
Email Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedcar.ph