International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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A New Fuzzy based INC-MPPT Algorithm for Constant Power

Generation in PV Systems
Dr.M.Vijaya Kumar1, Dr.Anka Rao Mogili2, S.Anusha3, N.Ajay Kumar4

1Professor, 2Assistant Professor, 3Asst. Prof (Ad-hoc), 4M.Tech

Dept. of EEE,JNTU CE, Anantapur
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Abstract—Nowadays, many solar photovoltaics (PV) are proposed to improve the accuracy of MPPT because
installed in the power grid. Maximum Power Point operation of MPPT does not oscillate around of MPP [6],
Tracking (MPPT) method is used to maximize the power [7], [8]. However, IC is not used to avoid of overvoltage
in solar PV. However, the power maximum in PV can under MPPT condition.
cause overvoltage in the power grid. Therefore, this In fact, MPPT algorithm is worked together with
project discusses a modified Incremental Conductance a DC-DC converter whose duty cycle is always changed
(IC) MPPT algorithm for Constant Power Generation according to MPPT algorithm to force solar PV module
(CPG) under fluctuated solar irradiation. This method is operated always on MPP for whatever load resistance
combining MPPT with power control adjustment for value. But, there are the fluctuate irradiance and non-
limiting the maximum feed-in power of solar PV systems. constant load, which they are has possibility of seriously
The proposed control strategy will be able to regulate failure for over voltage or over current during duty cycle
two conditions of solar PV operation, first for MPP adjustment. Current-voltage characteristics and output
operation on under reference power and second for CPG power of photovoltaic (PV) strings vary with changes of
operation on upper reference power. Simulation results solar irradiance, temperature and aging. Accordingly,
of proposed control method have verified for various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are
reference power and irradiance and show high accuracy, applied in most
stable and fast response. of applications in order to maximize the extracted power
from a given PV system and increase the overall power
Keywords—Photovoltaic; Modified Maximum Power conversion efficiency [9]. Several MPPT algorithms,
Point Tracking; Constant Power Generation varying in approach and complexity, have been
introduced in the literature [10]-[18].
I. INTRODUCTION Each method has various advantages and
disadvantages in different aspects like computational
The renewable energy sources especially solar efficiency, speed of tracking the maximum power point,
Photovoltaic (PV) systems have increased over the world operation under partial shading and power oscillations
wide. But, The generation of power using solar PV during steady-state. Among all MPPT algorithms, perturb
modules is always fluctuate depending on environmental and observe (P&O) [19]–[21] and incremental
conditions especially solar irradiation and environment conductance (INC) [22], [23] algorithms are the most
temperature. Hence, implementation of solar PV always commonly used. It is shown in [24], [25] that the
included with MPPT controller to reach maximum tracking performance of these two algorithms is similar
energy of solar PV and transfer it to the load [1]. under both static and dynamic conditions. The focus of
Installing solar PV module to a load without applying an most of the research studies in the literature is on the
MPPT controller, the energy delivered from solar PV extraction of maximum power from PV panels, however,
module is determined by the load resistance, so there is there are several cases in which the control of the PV
no guarantee to get maximum energy from the PV panel output active power to a certain power reference
module [2]. is necessary.
According to the literature review, many MPPT The active power control of the PV panel is
methods have been developed to operate and force solar referred as constant power generation (CPG) in this
PV on maximum power point (MPP) for generating study. One of these cases is the adaptation of PVPPs with
electrical energy [2-3]. All these tracking algorithms new grid code regulations in which a constant power
were developed aimed to get shortest tracking time or injection to the grid is requested. The grid codes aim to
smallest steady state oscillations. avoid the adverse effects of the high penetration of
Perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithms installed PVPPs in the power system, like overloading
[4] is particularly popular approach because it is simple the power grid [26]. Another case is their operation
to implement [5]. However, P&O has low accuracy during voltage sags with the requirement of
because operation of MPPT is oscillated around MPP. simultaneous injection of active and reactive power to
The incremental conductance (IC) algorithms is

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

the grid with the aim of enhancing the voltage of the installed at the DC-DC converter input side and then a
point of common coupling (PCC). reference voltage or PWM duty cycle will be adjusted by
By assuming that the irradiance is constant its implemented MPPT algorithm. To reach MPP
during the short duration of voltage sags, the extracted condition, MPPT controller is always changing duty cycle
power from PV modules should be limited to a certain according
value in order to satisfy the inverter current limitations
[27]. Therefore, a general and flexible algorithm that Current Sensor

achieves CPG with fast dynamic response and low power PV Module DC-DC Converter Load

oscillation during steady state is essential for all

different topologies of PVPPs. z

II. CHARACTERISTICS OF PV MODULE AND MPPT MPPT Controller

The solar PV module operation depends on the load Fig. 2. Block diagram of a MPPT
resistance and is greatly influenced by solar radiation
and environment temperature. In the fig. 1(a) & 1(b), to MPPT algorithm. This action is high possible causes
demonstrate that irradiance increase then the power of the fluctuating voltage on DC-DC Converter output,
PV also increasing. Moreover, temperature increase then especially for condition non-matching load resistance.
the power of PV will decreasing. To avoid and protect loads from failure of over
voltage can be solve by adjusting solar PV feed-in power
on DC Busses. These techniques can be performed by
two ways voltage limitation and power limitation or
constant power generation (CPG). Both method are
modifying MPPT algorithm. The CPG operation have two
possible position, on right of MPP or left of MPP. Each
method has own specific advantage and disadvantage
[10]. Fig. 3. illustrated operation of solar PV on MPPT
and CPG operation.

(a)Under Different Solar Irradiances

Fig. 3. Operation of solar PV on MPPT and CPG operation

[8].

III. PROROPOSED TECHNIQUE

The block diagram for proposed control method

MPPT and CPG is depicted in Fig. 6. The flowchart of
(b)Under Different Temperatures
tracking algorithm and its modified is depicted Fig. 4.
The proposed control has two operation mode, the first
Fig. 1. Characteristics of solar PV output power
is MPPT operation, and this MPPT operation is operated
influenced by irradiance and temperature.
while solar PV output power production under Pref. The
second operation mode is the CPG operation. This mode
In the case of MPPT, solar PV are worked together with a
is operated while available solar PV output power
DC-DC converter whose duty cycle is always changed to
production over Pref.
reach MPP operation according to implemented MPPT
In the CPG operation mode, solar PV does not
algorithm.
force operate on MPP condition, but according to
The general block diagram of an MPPT is
reference power limit, so the feed-in power is less than
depicted in Fig. 2, from this figure it, MPPT algorithm
the maximum value, as the result of this operation, the
need a sensor of voltage and current, both sensors are
DC Bus is saved from overvoltage failure.

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how MPPT and CPG are implemented, flowchart for

algorithm are shown in Fig. 6.

START

∆I=I(k)-I(k-1)
∆V=V(k)-V(k-1)

∆V>0

Fig. 4. Block diagram for proposed control

I+∆I/∆V=0 ∆I=0
method MPPT and CPG.

I+∆I/∆V=0 ∆I>0
Start

Define Pref Increase Vref Increase Vref

Sense V(k),I(k)
Decrease Vref Decrease Vref

P=V(k),I(k)

RETURN

P > Pref
Fig. 6. Block diagram of modified IC MPPT algorithm
proposed for CPG.
MPPT CPG
Algorithm Algorithm The proposed modified IC MPPT algorithm
shown on Fig. 9., basically both modified algorithm
almost same with original IC MPPT algorithm, but in the
modified algorithm the technique is applied on left of
MPP.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

Update Duty Cycle
To simulate the performance of the proposed
Fig. 5. Flowchart for proposed MPPT and CPG Fuzzy based CPG algorithm PV module is characterized
algorithm by a rated current of 4.91A. Thus, the total output
voltage of the PV array is 23V to 30V and output current
In this paper observed MPPT technique IC is 1.2Ato 9.6A.
algorithms for MPPT operation. And also observed
modified IC algorithms for CGP operation. The main The results illustrated in fig. 8 and fig. 9 Prior to
consideration of this method is the performance in terms t =0.5s, the PVPP operates at MPPT and the maximum
of the speed to reach system converges on both for available power of the PV string extracted is 50kW by
MPPT operation and CPG operation, and the low INC-CPG method, where as the proposed Fuzzy based
ripple after reach steady state condition. For clearly on CPG method extracts 51.5 kW.

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Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

open circuit voltage of the PV panel under such

irradiation, which is 486 V respectively.
The proposed algorithm decreases the voltage
reference under such condition and consequently brings
the operation point inside the P-V curve range of the PV
panel. Because the maximum available power of the PV
string under this condition is smaller than Pref , the
algorithm adjusts Vpv, to Vmpp during this period.

MPPT CPG

Fig. 7.Complete Matlab/Simulink Model of the Proposed

Fuzzy based CPG System.
A B C D

A B C D
Fig.9.Output power of INC-CPG and Fuzzy based CPG PV
Systems

MPPT CPG
Voltage(V)

A B C D
Fig.8.Output voltage of INC-CPG and Fuzzy based CPG PV
Systems INC- 420 450 480 400
CPG

Power(kW) Fuzzy- 432 485 495 412

CPG
A B C D
Table 2
INC- 49.2 37.5 31.3 4.6 Comparison table for Output voltages of INC-CPG and
CPG Fuzzy based CPG PV Systems

Fuzzy- 51.5 39.3 33.7 4.2 Simulation results and comparison tables
CPG demonstrate the generality and enhanced power and
voltage levels of the proposed CPG algorithm with the
Table 1 flexibility to move the operation point of the PV panel to
Comparison table for Output powers in INC-CPG and the right- or left-side of MPP. Furthermore the
Fuzzy based CPG PV Systems robustness of the proposed algorithm in regulating the
PV panel power under step change of irradiance and
At t = 0.5s, the operation mode is change to CPG power reference is demonstrated under various
from the PVPP central controller with Pref = 37 kW and operation conditions.
therefore, the proposed CPG algorithm quickly regulates
the PV string power to the required power reference on V.CONCLUSION
left side of MPP.
Detailed implementation of the proposed Fuzzy
The power reference is decreased to Pref = 12
based CPG algorithm has been presented and its
kW at t = 1s. Consequently, the proposed algorithm
flexibility and effectiveness has been demonstrated on
increases/decreases the voltage reference in the right-
50-kVA PVPP simulation setup under various irradiance
/left-side of MPP to adjust the PV panel power with its
and power reference profiles. The PVPP obtains CPG
reference value. Due to the step reduction of the
capability under all of the presented severe operating
irradiance at t = 1.5 s, the voltage may go beyond the
conditions. Also, it is shown that if the target power

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