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Unit 1

Linux is an open-source operating system with a Unix-like architecture. It offers many advantages over closed-source operating systems like Windows, such as being highly customizable, providing high security due to its open-source nature, and offering stability and reliability suitable for server environments. Linux also provides multi-user access and allows multiple programs to run simultaneously. It has a modular design with a kernel managing interactions with hardware and system libraries and utilities providing functions to applications and users.

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35 views3 pages

Unit 1

Linux is an open-source operating system with a Unix-like architecture. It offers many advantages over closed-source operating systems like Windows, such as being highly customizable, providing high security due to its open-source nature, and offering stability and reliability suitable for server environments. Linux also provides multi-user access and allows multiple programs to run simultaneously. It has a modular design with a kernel managing interactions with hardware and system libraries and utilities providing functions to applications and users.

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parmarkrish531
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© © All Rights Reserved
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UNIT 1

1. What is LINUX?
Ans: - Linux is one of popular version of UNIX operating System. It is open source as its
source code is freely available. It is free to use. Linux was designed considering UNIX
compatibility.
2. What do you mean by open source and free software?
3. Difference between LINUX and WINDOWS.
Ans: - Difference between Linux and Windows
1. Linux is free and open-source operating system whereas Windows is a commercial
operating system whose source code is inaccessible.
2. Windows is not customizable as against Linux is customizable and a user can modify
the code and can change its the look and feel.
3. Linux provides high security than windows because Linux is open source.
4. Windows must boot from the primary partition. In contrast, there is no such
constraint in Linux it can be booted from either primary or logical partition.
5. The separation of the directories is done using a backslash in windows. On the
contrary, in Linux, these are separated by using forward slash.
4. Write down the benefits of LINUX distribution?
Ans: - Benefits of Linux distribution:
• The Linux operating systems now offer millions of programs/applications to choose
from, most of them free!
• Once you have Linux installed you no longer need an antivirus! Linux is a highly secure
system. More so, there is a global development community constantly looking at ways
to enhance its security. With each upgrade, the OS becomes more secure and robust
• Linux is the OS of choice for Server environments due to its stability and reliability
(Megacompanies like Amazon, Facebook, and Google use Linux for their Servers). A
Linux based server could run non-stop without a reboot for years on end.
5. What is the different LINUX distribution?
6. What are kernel and shell?
Ans: -
Kernel − It is the core component of Operating System, interacts directly with hardware,
provides low level services to upper layer components.
Shell − An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kernel's functions from users. The
shell takes commands from the user and executes kernel's functions
7. What are the two modes of OS?
Ans: - The two modes of OS are Kernel mode and User Mode.
8. Different features of LINUX.
Ans: -
• Portable − Portability means software can works on different types of hardware in
same way. Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind
of hardware platform.
• Open Source − Linux source code is freely available and it is community-based
development project. Multiple teams work in collaboration to enhance the capability of
Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving.
• Multi-User − Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system
resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at same time.
• Multiprogramming − Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications
can run at same time.
• Security − Linux provides user security using authentication features like password
protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.
9. Components of LINUX.
Ans: -
Components of Linux System
Linux Operating System has primarily three components
• Kernel − Kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all major activities of this
operating system. It consists of various modules and it interacts directly with the
underlying hardware. Kernel provides the required abstraction to hide low level
hardware details to system or application programs.
• System Library − System libraries are special functions or programs using which
application programs or system utilities accesses Kernel's features. These libraries
implement most of the functionalities of the operating system and do not require kernel
module's code access rights.
• System Utility − System Utility programs are responsible to do specialized, individual
level tasks.
10.Architecture of LINUX.
Ans: -

The architecture of a Linux System consists of the following layers –


• Hardware layer − Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc).
• Kernel − It is the core component of Operating System, interacts directly with
hardware, provides low level services to upper layer components.
• Shell − An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kernel's functions from users. The
shell takes commands from the user and executes kernel's functions.
• Utilities − Utility programs that provide the user most of the functionalities of an
operating systems.

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